The description of the reference frame for, and the means to encode, coordinates in the data set. The reference frame or system from which linear or angular quantities are measured and assigned to the position that a point occupies. The quantities of latitude and longitude which define the position of a point on the Earth's surface with respect to a reference spheroid. The minimum difference between two adjacent latitude values expressed in Geographic Coordinate Units of measure. The minimum difference between two adjacent longitude values expressed in Geographic Coordinate Units of measure. Units of measure used for the latitude and longitude values. The quantities of distances, or distances and angles, which define the position of a point on a reference plane to which the surface of the Earth has been projected. The systematic representation of all or part of the surface of the Earth on a plane or developable surface. Name of the map projection. Contains parameters for the Albers Conical Equal Area projection. Contains parameters for the Azimuthal Equidistant projection. Contains parameters for the Equidistant Conic projection. Contains parameters for the Equirectangular projection. Contains parameters for the General Vertical Near-sided Perspective projection. Contains parameters for the Gnomonic projection. Contains parameters for the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection. Contains parameters for the Lambert Conformal Conic projection. Contains parameters for the Mercator projection. Contains parameters for the Modified Stereographic for Alaska projection. Contains parameters for the Miller Cylindrical projection. Contains parameters for the Oblique Mercator projection. Contains parameters for the Orthographic projection. "Contains parameters for the Polar Stereographic projection. Contains parameters for the Polyconic projection. Contains parameters for the Robinson projection. Contains parameters for the Sinusoidal projection. Contains parameters for the Space Oblique Mercator (Landsat) projection. Contains parameters for the Stereographic projection. Contains parameters for the Transverse Mercator projection. Contains parameters for the van der Grinten projection. A complete parameter set of the projection that was used for the data set. The information provided shall include the names of the parameters and values used for the data set that describe the mathematical relationship between the earth and the plane or developable surface for the projection. Line of constant latitude at which the surface of the Earth and the plane or developable surface intersect. The line of longitude at the center of a map projection generally used as the basis for constructing the projection. Latitude chosen as the origin of rectangular coordinates for a map projection. The value added to all 'x' values in the rectangular coordinates for a map projection. This value frequently is assigned to eliminate negative numbers. Expressed in the unit of measure identified in Planar Coordinate Units. The value added to all 'y' values in the rectangular coordinates for a map projection. This value frequently is assigned to eliminate negative numbers. Expressed in the unit of measure identified in Planar Coordinate Units. A multiplier for reducing a distance obtained from a map by computation or scaling to the actual distance along the equator. Height of viewpoint above the Earth, expressed in meters. Longitude of the point of projection for azimuthal projections. Latitude of the point of projection for azimuthal projections. A multiplier for reducing a distance obtained from a map by computation or scaling to the actual distance along the center line. Method used to describe the line along which an oblique mercator map projection is centered using the map projection origin and an azimuth. Angle measured clockwise from north, and expressed in degrees. Longitude of the map projection origin. Method used to describe the line along which an oblique mercator map projection is centered using two points near the limits of the mapped region that define the center line. Latitude of a point defining the oblique line. Longitude of a point defining the oblique line. Longitude to be oriented straight up from the North or South Pole. A multiplier for reducing a distance obtained from a map by computation or scaling to the actual distance at the projection origin. Number of the Landsat satellite. (Note: This data element exists solely to provide a parameter needed to define the space oblique mercator projection. It is not used to identify data originating from a remote sensing vehicle.) Number of the orbit of the Landsat satellite. (Note: This data element exists solely to provide a parameter needed to define the space oblique mercator projection. It is not used to identify data originating from a remote sensing vehicle.) A multiplier for reducing a distance obtained from a map by computation or scaling to the actual distance along the central meridian. A description of a projection, not defined elsewhere in the standard, that was used for the data set. The information provided shall include the name of the projection, names of parameters and values used for the data set, and the citation of the specification for the algorithms that describe the mathematical relationship between Earth and plane or developable surface for the projection. A plane-rectangular coordinate system usually based on, and mathematically adjusted to, a map projection so that geographic positions can be readily transformed to and from plane coordinates. Name of the grid coordinate system. A grid system based on the transverse mercator projection, applied between latitudes 84 degrees north and 80 degrees south on the Earth's surface. Identifier for the UTM zone. A grid system based on the polar stereographic projection, applied to the Earth's polar regions north of 84 degrees north and south of 80 degrees south. Identifier for the UPS zone. A plane-rectangular coordinate system established for each state in the United States by the National Geodetic Survey. Identifier for the SPCS zone. The Equal Arc-second Coordinate System, a plane-rectangular coordinate system established in Department of Defense, 1990, Military specification ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (ADRG) (MIL-A-89007): Philadelphia, Department of Defense, Defense Printing Service Detachment Office. Identifier for the ARC Coordinate System Zone. A complete description of a grid system, not defined elsewhere in this standard, that was used for the data set. The information provided shall include the name of the grid system, the names of the parameters and values used for the data set, and the citation of the specification for the algorithms that describe the mathematical relationship between the Earth and the coordinates of the grid system. Any right-handed planar coordinate system of which the z-axis coincides with a plumb line through the origin that locally is aligned with the surface of the Earth. A description of the local planar system. A description of the information provided to register the local planar system to the Earth (e.g. control points, satellite ephemeral data, inertial navigation data). Information about the coordinate system developed on the planar surface. The means used to represent horizontal positions. The method of encoding the position of a point by measuring its distance from perpendicular reference axes (the 'coordinate pair' and 'row and column' methods). The (nominal) minimum distance between the 'x' or column values of two adjacent points, expressed in Planar Distance Units of measure. The (nominal) minimum distance between the 'y' or row values of two adjacent points, expressed in Planar Distance Units of measure. A method of encoding the position of a point by measuring its distance and direction (azimuth angle) from another point. The minimum distance measurable between two points, expressed Planar Distance Units of measure. The minimum angle measurable between two points, expressed in Bearing Units of measure. Units of measure used for angles. Direction from which the bearing is measured. Axis from which the bearing is measured. Units of measure used for distances. A description of any coordinate system that is not aligned with the surface of the Earth. A description of the coordinate system and its orientation to the surface of the Earth. A description of the information provided to register the local system to the Earth (e.g. control points, satellite ephemeral data, inertial navigation data). Parameters for the shape of the earth. The identification given to the reference system used for defining the coordinates of points. Identification given to established representations of the Earth's shape. Radius of the equatorial axis of the ellipsoid. The denominator of the ratio of the difference between the equatorial and polar radii of the ellipsoid when the numerator is set to 1. The reference frame or system from which vertical distances (altitudes or depths) are measured. "The reference frame or system from which altitudes (elevations) are measured. The term 'altitude' is used instead of the common term 'elevation' to conform to the terminology in Federal Information Processing Standards 70-1 and 173. The identification given to the surface taken as the surface of reference from which altitudes are measured. The minimum distance possible between two adjacent altitude values, expressed in Altitude Distance Units of measure. Units in which altitudes are recorded. The means used to encode the altitudes. The reference frame or system from which depths are measured. The identification given to surface of reference from which depths are measured. The minimum distance possible between two adjacent depth values, expressed in Depth Distance Units of measure. Units in which depths are recorded. The means used to encode depths.