definition imported from expand assertion to term replaced by A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) non_overlapping_with ENVO disconnected_from 1 1 disconnected_from has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym in_subset part of has part composed Of determined by determined by part of has quality derives from located in surrounded by adjacent to tributary of distributary of has_condition An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant A continuant that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. dependent continuant A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. specifically dependent continuant An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity anatomical structure material anatomical entity sarcosine primary alcohol urea ethanol pantothenate naphthalene ketone testosterone lipid trimethylamine N-methyl-amino acid N-methylglycine acetamides alkylamines anion arsenate ion arsenic molecular entity benzenes benzoates benzopyrrole beta-alanine derivative chromium molecular entity molecular entity ethanols glycine derivative chemical entity organic heterocyclic compound hydrocarbon hydroxides hydroxybenzoate indoles oxoacid inorganic anion inorganic molecular entity ion methyl-amino acid methylamines modified amino acid molecule monohydroxybenzoate naphthalenes organic heteromonocyclic compound organic anion organic ion aliphatic alcohol oxide oxygen molecular entity pantothenates pantothenic acids polyester macromolecule quinate threonine organic heterobicyclic compound xylene arsenic atom nitrobenzene acetamide carboxylic acid anion arsenate(3-) monocarboxylic acid amide salicylate alcohol tertiary amine amine amide coordination entity organic fundamental parent atom primary amide polyatomic anion heteroorganic entity pnictogen pnictogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity main group element atom pnictogen oxoanion transition element molecular entity metal atom p-block element atom carboxylic acid main group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity cyclic compound homocyclic compound carbocyclic compound hydrogen molecular entity polycyclic compound bicyclic compound ortho-fused compound aromatic compound arene organic aromatic compound monocyclic compound cyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbon heteromonocyclic compound heteropolycyclic compound heterobicyclic compound s-block molecular entity p-block molecular entity d-block molecular entity hydrides alpha-amino acid amino acid chromium group molecular entity organic hydroxy compound organic cyclic compound heteroarene benzenoid aromatic compound macromolecule monocyclic arene polycyclic arene transition element coordination entity fused compound carbopolycyclic compound homopolycyclic compound ortho-fused polycyclic arene steroid 17beta-hydroxy steroid hydroxy steroid organonitrogen compound chromium oxoanion chromium coordination entity chromate(2-) transition element oxoanion oxoanion ortho-fused bicyclic arene ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon heterocyclic organic fundamental parent carbon oxoacid ester nitro compound C-nitro compound monocarboxylic acid anion arsenic oxoanion oxo steroid hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion cyclitol carboxylic acid anion polyatomic entity polyatomic ion saturated organic heterocyclic parent saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent carbonyl compound organic oxo compound carbobicyclic compound 17-hydroxy steroid inorganic ion organochalcogen compound organooxygen compound organic hydride heteroatomic molecular entity carboxamide organonitrogen heterocyclic compound oxacycle organic heteropolycyclic compound polycyclic heteroarene 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid methylindole quinolinemonocarboxylate methylbenzene alkylbenzene chloropicrin dioxane dioxanes 1,4-dioxane 3-oxo steroid nitrobenzenes organic amino compound androstanoid alkyl alcohol organic molecular entity tertiary amino compound nitrohydrocarbon nitroarene nitrogen molecular entity organic polycyclic compound poly(hydroxyalkanoate) poly(hydroxybutyrate) heterocyclic compound kynurenate one-carbon compound organic acid N-alkylglycine organic molecule skatole Wikipedia:Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature ENVO ENVO:00000000 May appear on a map. geographic feature A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. ENVO ENVO:00000001 bedding-plane cave FTT:78 TGN:50001 ENVO man-made feature manmade feature ENVO:00000002 anthropogenic geographic feature FTT:1242 FTT:1252 FTT:15 FTT:16 FTT:18 FTT:19 FTT:21 FTT:22 FTT:23 FTT:24 FTT:25 FTT:26 FTT:27 FTT:28 FTT:29 FTT:37 SWEETRealm:AdministrativeRegion TGN:80001 TGN:81099 TGN:81123 Wikipedia:Administrative_region administrative area ENVO administrative division administrative entity boundary region civil area district free trade zone governed place leased area (government) leased zone (government) neutral zone (political) prefecture protectorate sheikdom sultanate trade zone ENVO:00000004 administrative region A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. FTT:414 FTT:569 Geonames:A.ADM1 TGN:81100 ENVO countries, 1st order division first level subdivision first-order administrative division ENVO:00000005 first-order administrative region A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. FTT:580 FTT:581 Geonames:A.ADM4 TGN:82402 ENVO countries, 4th order division fourth level subdivision fourth-order administrative division ENVO:00000008 fourth-order administrative region A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. FTT:424 FTT:566 FTT:567 FTT:571 SWEETRealm:Country SWEETRealm:State TGN:80006 TGN:81010 TGN:81011 TGN:81102 Wikipedia:Nation nation independent nation independent political entity independent sovereign nation ENVO country political entity state ENVO:00000009 national geopolitical entity A man-made feature constructed for the purpose of enabling the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. FTT:83 ENVO ENVO:00000010 transport feature An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. FTT:31 FTT:743 Geonames:S.GDN TGN:53010 Wikipedia:Garden garden ENVO PARK cropland park ENVO:00000011 garden A geographical feature associated with water. FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF ENVO OVERFALLS eddy fluvial feature marine feature overfalls tidal ripp upwelling ENVO:00000012 hydrographic feature A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. ENVO ENVO:00000013 cave system Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. watercourse EcoLexicon:canal FTT:129 FTT:395 FTT:407 FTT:408 Geonames:H.CNL SWEETRealm:Canal TGN:51252 Wikipedia:Canal canal canal bend drain (channel) irrigation system lateral ENVO ENVO:00000014 canal Continuous saline-water bodies that surround the continents and fill the Earth's great depressions. EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 Wikipedia:Ocean Ocean ocean ENVO ocean region sea ENVO:00000015 ocean A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 Wikipedia:Sea Sea sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water ENVO ENVO:00000016 sea A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 saline hydrographic feature A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. ENVO ENVO:00000018 dry river A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. lake FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN TGN:21116 Wikipedia:Saline_lake SalineLake salt lake salt lakes salt lake ENVO salina salt lake soda lake ENVO:00000019 saline lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 Wikipedia:Lake LAKE Lake lake lakes catch basin open water tarn ENVO broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake ENVO:00000020 lake A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. SWEETRealm:FreshwaterLake FreshwaterLake ENVO ENVO:00000021 freshwater lake Natural freshwater surface streams of considerable volume and a permanent or seasonal flow, moving in a definite channel toward a sea, lake, or another river; any large streams, or ones larger than brooks or creeks, such as the trunk stream and larger branches of a drainage system. watercourse EcoLexicon:river FTT:1179 FTT:251 SPIRE:River SWEETRealm:River TGN:21105 Wikipedia:River River rio braided river ENVO ENVO:00000022 river Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface. watercourse EcoLexicon:stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1225 FTT:1261 FTT:303 FTT:371 FTT:593 FTT:721 Geonames:H.STM Geonames:H.STMS SWEETRealm:Stream TGN:21106 TGN:21107 TGN:21108 TGN:21109 Wikipedia:Stream Stream stream streams braided stream fork (hydrographic glacial stream lode millstream stream bend ENVO Creek beck brook burn (hydrographic) creek rivulet ENVO:00000023 stream An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. lake EcoLexicon:reservoir FTT:587 FTT:588 FTT:882 Geonames:H.RSV SWEETRealm:Reservoir TGN:51259 Wikipedia:Reservoir reservoir covered reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000025 reservoir A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. EcoLexicon:well FTT:1032 FTT:1237 FTT:833 Geonames:H.WLL Geonames:H.WLLS SWEETRealm:Well TGN:51255 Wikipedia:Well WELL well wells brine well oil well water well ENVO ENVO:00000026 well A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. EcoLexicon:spring FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNG SWEETRealm:Spring TGN:21126 SPRING Spring spring ENVO seep ENVO:00000027 spring A quarry from which sand is extracted. mine Wikipedia:Sand_pit ENVO sand pit ENVO:00000028 sand pit quarry A flowing body of water. EcoLexicon:brook EcoLexicon:course EcoLexicon:culvert EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine EcoLexicon:spillway EcoLexicon:waterway FTT:105 Geonames:H.NRWS Geonames:H.RCH Geonames:H.WTRC Geonames:S.SPLY TGN:21110 TGN:21131 TGN:21133 TGN:21137 TGN:21163 TGN:21499 Wikipedia:Watercourse WATERCOURSE watercourse culvert dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode narrows overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rio rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap ENVO awawa barranca beck branch brook course draw moat narrows narrows (hydrographic) waterway ENVO:00000029 watercourse A cave without streams or drips of water. dry cave ENVO ENVO:00000030 dead cave A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. watercourse EcoLexicon:wadi FTT:157 FTT:158 FTT:159 FTT:160 FTT:161 FTT:163 FTT:164 Geonames:H.WAD Geonames:H.WADB Geonames:H.WADJ Geonames:H.WADS SWEETRealm:Arroyo SWEETRealm:Wash TGN:21167 TGN:21423 TGN:21424 Wikipedia:Wadi wadi wadis wadi bend wadi junction wadi mouth ENVO arroyo coulee gully nullah wash ENVO:00000031 wadi An area of water bordered by land on three sides. EcoLexicon:bay FTT:190 FTT:232 FTT:235 Geonames:H.BAY Geonames:H.BAYS Geonames:H.BGHT SWEETRealm:Bay TGN:21121 TGN:21123 TGN:21127 Wikipedia:Bay ENVO bahia bay bight embayment firth geo gulf inlet sea loch sea lough ENVO:00000032 bay A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. lake EcoLexicon:pond FTT:221 FTT:902 FTT:904 FTT:905 Geonames:H.PND Geonames:H.PNDS Geonames:H.POOL SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Pond TGN:21104 TGN:21119 Wikipedia:Pond Pond pool (water body) ENVO POOL millpond pond ponds pool pool (water body) ENVO:00000033 pond An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. EcoLexicon:rapids FTT:212 Geonames:H.RPDS SWEETRealm:Torrent TGN:21162 Wikipedia:Rapids RAPIDS rapids ENVO cataract torrent ENVO:00000034 rapids A wetland, featuring grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. wetland EcoLexicon:marsh FTT:1118 FTT:185 FTT:945 Geonames:H.MRSH SPIRE:Marsh SWEETRealm:Marsh TGN:21322 Wikipedia:Marsh ENVO Marsh marsh quagmire ENVO:00000035 marsh Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. canal FTT:129 FTT:405 Geonames:H.CNLI irrigation canal ENVO ENVO:00000036 irrigation canal A small artificial watercourse dug for draining or irrigating the land. watercourse EcoLexicon:drain FTT:129 FTT:400 FTT:403 Geomames:DTCH SWEETRealm:Drain TGN:51256 Wikipedia:Ditch ditch ENVO agricultural drain canal drain ENVO:00000037 ditch A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. lake EcoLexicon:lagoon FTT:221 FTT:898 FTT:899 Geonames:H.LGN Geonames:H.LGNS SWEETRealm:Lagoon TGN:21125 Wikipedia:Lagoon LAGOON Lagoon lagoon lagoons laguna ENVO barrier lagoon ENVO:00000038 lagoon A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. EcoLexicon:fiord FTT:231 FTT:690 FTT:704 Geonames:H.FJD Geonames:H.FJDS SWEETRealm:Fiord SWEETRealm:Fjord TGN:21122 Wikipedia:Fjord Fjord fiord fjord fjords ENVO inlet loch ENVO:00000039 fjord A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. EcoLexicon:force EcoLexicon:waterfall FTT:435 FTT:436 FTT:439 FTT:680 Geonames:H.FLLS TGN:21161 TGN:21166 Wikipedia:Waterfall WATERFALL force linn waterfalls ENVO cascade cataract fall falls ENVO:00000040 Should this be a hydroform? waterfall A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. stream FTT:105 FTT:1223 Geonames:H.CRKT Wikipedia:Tidal_creek tidal creek ENVO ENVO:00000041 tidal creek Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. canal FTT:129 FTT:401 Geonames:H.CNLD drainage canal ENVO ENVO:00000042 drainage canal An area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. EcoLexicon:wetland FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:H.WTLD SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Wetland TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 Wikipedia:Wetland WETLAND Wetland wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands ENVO WetlandRegion moor morass muskeg ENVO:00000043 wetland A wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. wetland EcoLexicon:peat_bog FTT:1061 FTT:185 FTT:281 FTT:983 Geonames:H.BOG SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Peatland TGN:21304 Wikipedia:Peatland ENVO Peatland bog mire morass muskeg peat bog ENVO:00000044 peatland A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. mouth EcoLexicon:estuary FTT:234 Geonames:H.ESTY SWEETRealm:Estuary TGN:21152 Wikipedia:Estuary Estuary estuary ENVO inlet ENVO:00000045 estuary A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. Wikipedia:Hedge HEDGE hedgerow ENVO shelter belt ENVO:00000046 hedge EcoLexicon:canopy SWEETRealm:Canopy Wikipedia:Canopy ENVO ENVO:00000047 canopy Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. EcoLexicon:navigation_channel FTT:409 FTT:467 Geonames:H.CHNN Geonames:H.CNLN TGN:51257 navigation canal navigation channel navigation canal ENVO navigation channel ship cannal ENVO:00000048 navigation canal A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. thermal feature EcoLexicon:geyser FTT:755 Geonames:H.GYSR TGN:21171 Wikipedia:Geyser GEYSER geyser ENVO ENVO:00000050 geyser A spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. spring EcoLexicon:thermal_spring FTT:732 FTT:815 Geonames:H.SPNT Wikipedia:Hot_spring hot spring hotspring thermal feature thermal spring ENVO ENVO:00000051 hot spring A lake contained within a volcanic crater. lake FTT:384 FTT:590 Geonames:H.LKC Geonames:H.LKSC TGN:21138 Wikipedia:Crater_lake caldera lake crater lake crater lakes ENVO ENVO:00000052 crater lake A marsh associated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. ENVO ENVO:00000053 freshwater marsh A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. wetland EcoLexicon:salt_marsh FTT:1190 FTT:185 Geonames:H.MRSHN TGN:21323 Wikipedia:Saline_marsh salt marsh salting ENVO salt marsh tidal marsh ENVO:00000054 It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline marsh A shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested. lake FTT:221 FTT:906 FTT:908 Geonames:H.MFGN Geonames:H.PNDN Geonames:H.PNDSN Wikipedia:Salt_evaporation_pond salt evaporation pond ENVO salt pond salt ponds saltern ENVO:00000055 saline evaporation pond A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. lake FTT:221 FTT:696 FTT:701 Geonames:H.PNDSF Wikipedia:Fishpond fish pond fishponds ENVO ENVO:00000056 fishpond An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. wetland woodland EcoLexicon:mangrove_swamp FTT:185 FTT:934 Geonames:H.MGV Wikipedia:Mangrove_swamp mangal mangrove swamp ENVO MangroveForest ENVO:00000057 mangrove swamp A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. FTT:445 FTT:449 Geonames:H.LKSB TGN:21188 Wikipedia:Underground_lake underground lake ENVO cave ENVO:00000058 underground lake A river that is under the surface of the Earth. TGN:21187 Wikipedia:Underground_river ENVO ENVO:00000059 underground river A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00000060 underground stream A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. ENVO ENVO:00000061 underground water body Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. place FTT:1097 FTT:33 Geonames:P.PPL Geonames:P.PPLS TGN:22201 TGN:83002 Wikipedia:Populated_place inhabited place populated place populated places ENVO inhabited region populated locality settlement ENVO:00000062 populated place An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 Wikipedia:Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody ENVO ENVO:00000063 Wikipedia: The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. water body An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. EcoLexicon:road FTT:1058 FTT:1183 FTT:1185 FTT:1187 FTT:431 FTT:443 FTT:646 FTT:798 FTT:884 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RD Geonames:R.ST SWEETRealm:Highway TGN:53151 TGN:53153 TGN:53154 TGN:53157 Wikipedia:Road ROAD road board walk caravan route causeway drive highway intersection parkway road bend road junction traffic circle ENVO accessway alley avenue boulevard cart track drove farm lane freeway lane roadway street thorofare thoroughfare thruway turnpike ENVO:00000064 road A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. railroad feature FTT:1132 FTT:960 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RR TGN:53155 Wikipedia:Railway RAILWAY railroad ENVO ENVO:00000065 railway A tunnel constructed by human means. tunnel tunnels FTT:1136 FTT:1184 FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:R.TNL Geonames:R.TNLRD Geonames:R.TNLRR Geonames:R.TNLS TGN:51845 Wikipedia:Tunnel canal tunnel railroad tunnel road tunnel underpass ENVO ENVO:00000066 man-made tunnel Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. FTT:1071 FTT:443 FTT:445 FTT:446 FTT:447 Geonames:S.CAVE SWEETRealm:Cave TGN:21485 TGN:21486 Wikipedia:Cave CAVE ENVO Cave cave cavern grotto notch ENVO:00000067 cave An underground or underwater passage. FTT:445 FTT:448 Geonames:R.TNLN SWEETRealm:Tunnel TGN:21447 Wikipedia:Tunnel TUNNEL ENVO cave natural tunnel ENVO:00000068 tunnel A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. stream watercourse FTT:636 Geonames:H.STMD Wikipedia:Distributary distributary stream distributary ENVO ENVO:00000069 distributary A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort. ENVO ENVO:00000070 constructed feature A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. ENVO ENVO:00000071 fault cave Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. FTT:128 Geonames:H.CNLA SWEETRealm:Aqueduct TGN:51258 Wikipedia:Aquaduct aqueduct ENVO WATERCOURSE BRIDGE ENVO:00000072 aquaduct A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG TGN:51011 Wikipedia:Building BUILDING building ENVO ENVO:00000073 building A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. EcoLexicon:dam FTT:599 FTT:600 Geonames:S.DAM SWEETRealm:Dam TGN:51253 Wikipedia:Dam DAM Dam dam ENVO barrage dam site ENVO:00000074 dam A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. EcoLexicon:bridge FTT:297 Geonames:S.BDG TGN:51841 Wikipedia:Bridge BRIDGE bridge covered bridge footbridge overpass ENVO ENVO:00000075 bridge An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. mine site EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN TGN:54211 TGN:54212 Wikipedia:Mine MINE ENVO ENVO:00000076 mine FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 bailing station barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard ENVO AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site ENVO:00000077 agricultural feature A tract of crop or grazing land, as well as the group of buildings with and often surrounding a farmhouse, including barns, sheds, and other outbuildings, used for agricultural production. agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.FRM Geonames:S.FRMS Geonames:S.RNCH TGN:54011 Wikipedia:Farm FARM ENVO farm farms farmstead nursery ranch ENVO:00000078 farm An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. watercourse EcoLexicon:flume FTT:129 FTT:404 Wikipedia:Flume flume (manmade) ENVO canal ENVO:00000079 flume A series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges. EcoLexicon:mountain_range FTT:548 FTT:995 FTT:997 Geonamaes:MTS SWEETRealm:MountainRange TGN:21431 TGN:21432 Wikipedia:Mountain_range MOUNT RANGE ENVO cordillera mountain chain mountain group mountain range mountain system sierra ENVO:00000080 mountain range A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m. EcoLexicon:mountain FTT:1000 FTT:118 FTT:460 FTT:548 FTT:713 FTT:896 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MT Geonames:T.MTS SWEETRealm:Mountain TGN:21430 TGN:21434 Wikipedia:Mountain Mountain foothill ENVO cerro cordillera knoll mound mount mountain mountains ENVO:00000081 mountain A group of hills bordered by lowlands. ENVO ENVO:00000082 hill range A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. EcoLexicon:hill FTT:118 FTT:468 FTT:713 FTT:799 FTT:896 Geonames:T.HLL Geonames:T.HLLS SWEETRealm:Hill TGN:21437 TGN:21438 Wikipedia:Hill ENVO cerro foothill hill hillock hills knoll mount mountain ENVO:00000083 hill A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. EcoLexicon:mountain_pass FTT:510 FTT:612 FTT:738 FTT:739 FTT:740 Geonames:T.GAP Geonames:T.PASS Geonames:T.SDL SWEETRealm:Pass TGN:21433 TGN:21436 TGN:21524 Wikipedia:Mountain_pass pass ENVO col defile gap notch pass saddle saddle (physiographic) sill (physiographic) ENVO:00000084 mountain pass A glacier found in mountain terrain. Wikipedia:Alpine_glacier ENVO ENVO:00000085 alpine glacier A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. EcoLexicon:plain FTT:707 FTT:874 FTT:926 Geonames:T.PLN SWEETRealm:Plain TGN:21461 Wikipedia:Plain PLAIN Plain plain ENVO interfluve llanos outwash plain ENVO:00000086 plain A high, steep, or overhanging face of rock. EcoLexicon:cliff FTT:268 FTT:269 FTT:491 FTT:492 Geonames:T.CLF SWEETRealm:Cliff TGN:21487 TGN:21488 Wikipedia:Cliff CLIFF cliff ENVO beach scarp bluff ceja ice cliff palisade precipice scar scarp scaw scraps ENVO:00000087 cliff A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. Wikipedia:Sea_cliff ENVO coastal cliff marine cliff ENVO:00000088 sea cliff EcoLexicon:crag FTT:589 ENVO crag ENVO:00000089 inland cliff An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast and separated from the interior by other features. coast EcoLexicon:coastal_plain EcoLexicon:coastal_zone FTT:240 FTT:499 FTT:500 FTT:501 FTT:502 FTT:503 FTT:504 SWEETRealm:CoastalPlain Wikipedia:Coastal_plain coastal zone plain, coast intertidal zone offshore area shore shoreline ENVO ENVO:00000090 coastal plain A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. EcoLexicon:beach EcoLexicon:to_beach FTT:237 FTT:239 Geonames:T.BCH Geonames:T.BCHS SWEETRealm:Beach TGN:21482 Wikipedia:Beach Beach beach berm lagoon beach ENVO beach beaches foreshore flats rivage strand ENVO:00000091 beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea. Wikipedia:Strand strand ENVO ENVO:00000092 sea beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake. ENVO ENVO:00000093 lacustrine beach A feature associated with a volcano, an opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. FTT:591 TGN:21407 ENVO volcanic landform ENVO:00000094 volcanic feature A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. EcoLexicon:lava_flow FTT:916 FTT:917 Geonames:T.LAVA TGN:21612 Wikipedia:Lava_field lava area ENVO lava flow lava plain ENVO:00000095 lava field A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. FTT:384 Geonames:T.CLDA TGN:21409 Wikipedia:Caldera caldera ENVO crater ENVO:00000096 caldera A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 Wikipedia:Desert DESERT desert ENVO arid region ENVO:00000097 desert Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. EcoLexicon:island FTT:147 FTT:450 FTT:886 FTT:887 FTT:888 FTT:889 Geonames:T.ISL Geonames:T.ISLS SWEETRealm:Island TGN:21468 TGN:21469 TGN:21471 TGN:21475 Wikipedia:Island ISLAND island islands BarrierIsland ENVO IslandArc barrier island cay eyot holm hummock island arc isle islet key key (island) ENVO:00000098 island An island constructed by human effort. FTT:1023 FTT:171 Geonames:T.ISLF Wikipedia:Artificial_island artificial island ENVO offshore platform ENVO:00000099 artificial island A depression caused by erosion by water or ice. Low-lying land bordered by higher ground; especially elongate, relatively large gently sloping depressions of the Earth's surface, commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills or mountains, and often containing a stream with an outlet. EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 Wikipedia:Valley VALLEY valley valleys chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley ENVO glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap ENVO:00000100 valley A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. EcoLexicon:delta FTT:97 Geonames:T.DLTA SWEETRealm:Delta TGN:21164 TGN:21422 Wikipedia:Delta DELTA Delta delta ENVO alluvial fan bay delta canyon delta fan fan delta outwash outwash plain pass (delta) ENVO:00000101 delta FTT:444 Cueva de Altamira ENVO ENVO:00000102 cave entrance An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. island FTT:147 FTT:891 Geonames:T.ISLM mangrove island ENVO ENVO:00000103 mangrove island EcoLexicon:fan EcoLexicon:platform EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:1020 FTT:1137 FTT:1176 FTT:1193 FTT:1194 FTT:1195 FTT:1196 FTT:5 FTT:810 FTT:984 Geonames:FRKU Geonames:FRSU Geonames:MDVU Geonames:PLFU Geonames:RAVU Geonames:RMPU Geonames:U.BSNU Geonames:U.EDGU Geonames:U.ESCU Geonames:U.FANU Geonames:U.FLTU Geonames:U.FURU Geonames:U.GAPU Geonames:U.GLYU Geonames:U.HOLU Geonames:U.LDGU Geonames:U.LEVU Geonames:U.PLNU Geonames:U.PLTU Geonames:U.PNLU Geonames:U.PRVU Geonames:U.RDGU Geonames:U.RDSU Geonames:U.RISU Geonames:U.SDLU Geonames:U.SHVU Geonames:U.SILU Geonames:U.SPRU Geonames:U.TERU Geonames:U.VALU Geonames:U.VLSU TGN:23001 TGN:23116 TGN:23117 TGN:23118 TGN:23135 TGN:23162 TGN:23181 TGN:23182 TGN:23183 TGN:23184 TGN:23188 TGN:23192 TGN:23193 TGN:23194 TGN:23195 TGN:23196 TGN:23211 TGN:23212 TGN:23301 TGN:23411 TGN:23412 TGN:23413 TGN:23415 TGN:23421 TGN:23423 TGN:23424 TGN:23431 TGN:23453 TGN:23461 TGN:23463 TGN:23467 TGN:23550 basin escarpment fan flat fork forks furrow gap gully hole hole (seafloor) ledge levee median valley moat (seafloor) pinnacle plain plateau platform province ramp ramp (seafloor) ravine ridge ridges rise rise (seafloor) saddle shelf edge undersea bank undersea basin undersea bench undersea cliff undersea fan undersea fork undersea fracture zone undersea furrow undersea gap undersea hole undersea ledge undersea levee undersea median valley undersea moat undersea peak undersea pinnacle undersea plain undersea platform undersea ramp undersea rise undersea saddle undersea shelf undersea shelf edge undersea shelf valley undersea sill undersea slope undersea spur undersea terrace undersea tongue undersea valley ENVO ocean floor feature seafloor feature sill spur subsea feature terrace tongue (seafloor) underwater feature valley valleys ENVO:00000104 undersea feature ENVO ENVO:00000105 lake surface An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. EcoLexicon:grassland FTT:259 FTT:760 FTT:766 Geonames:V.GRSLD TGN:21604 TGN:54052 Wikipedia:Grassland GRASSLAND grassland ENVO Grassland down downland downs glade grazing area herbaceous area range ENVO:00000106 grassland An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. FTT:1191 FTT:792 Geonames:V.HTH SPIRE:Heath TGN:21609 Wikipedia:Heath heath ENVO shrubland wetland woodland ENVO:00000107 heath A habitat of rolling or flat terrain where grasses predominate. Typically, what is called a meadow has more biodiversity than a grassland as the former contains not only grasses but a significant variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants. FTT:259 FTT:767 Geonames:V.MDW TGN:21613 Wikipedia:Meadow meadow ENVO grassland hay meadow ENVO:00000108 meadow Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. EcoLexicon:coniferous_forest EcoLexicon:shrub EcoLexicon:taiga FTT:1083 FTT:505 FTT:506 FTT:719 FTT:774 Geonames:V.GRVPN SWEETRealm:Break SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21631 TGN:21632 TGN:21641 Wikipedia:Woodland WOODLAND bamboo brigalow pine grove ENVO break brush bush caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest tropical rain forest wood wooded area ENVO:00000109 woodland A tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out. ENVO ENVO:00000110 lava tunnel An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. woodland EcoLexicon:forest FTT:258 FTT:506 FTT:715 FTT:717 Geonames:V.FRST SWEETRealm:Forest TGN:21641 TGN:21642 TGN:21645 Wikipedia:Forest copse forest reserve grove national forest wood ENVO forest ENVO:00000111 forest Treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil, and usually supporting low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs. EcoLexicon:tundra FTT:151 FTT:152 Geonames:V.TUND SWEETRealm:Tundra TGN:21611 Wikipedia:Tundra TUNDRA tundra ENVO Arctic land TundraEcosystem ENVO:00000112 tundra An area of land, usually relatively small, enclosed or otherwise and used for agricultural purposes. agricultural site EcoLexicon:field FTT:45 FTT:61 Geonames:L.FLD SWEETRealm:Field TGN:21456 field ENVO cropland grassland ENVO:00000114 field An intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production. agricultural site cropland EcoLexicon:orchard FTT:45 FTT:66 Geonames:V.OCH TGN:54014 Wikipedia:Orchard orchard ENVO ENVO:00000115 orchard A place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes. agricultural site cropland FTT:45 FTT:77 Geonames:V.VIN Geonames:V.VINS TGN:54015 Wikipedia:Vineyard vineyard vineyards ENVO ENVO:00000116 vineyard An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. FTT:45 FTT:68 TGN:54041 Wikipedia:Plantation ENVO agricultural site cropland plantation field ENVO:00000117 plantation FTT:505 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVC ENVO coconut grove wood ENVO:00000118 coconut plantation A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. ENVO ENVO:00000119 planted forest agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:65 Geonames:S.ESTO Geonames:V.GRVP oil palm plantation ENVO palm grove ENVO:00000120 oil palm plantation EcoLexicon:artificial_channel ENVO flume improved channel ENVO:00000121 artificial channel A small road, generally not paved. EcoLexicon:path EcoLexicon:trail FTT:1057 Geonames:R.TRL SWEETRealm:Path TGN:53158 ENVO footpath path trail ENVO:00000122 track A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. FTT:1093 Geonames:A.PCL TGN:80002 ENVO political entity ENVO:00000123 political entity A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. ENVO ENVO:00000124 supranational geopolitical entity A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows. spring spring (hydrographic) FTT:981 FTT:982 Wikipedia:Mineral_spring ENVO ENVO:00000125 mineral spring A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved derivatives of sulfur. spring (hydrographic) FTT:1215 FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNS sulphur spring ENVO ENVO:00000126 sulfur spring An arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water. barren land FTT:186 FTT:187 Geonames:T.BDLD TGN:21205 Wikipedia:Badlands badlands ENVO ENVO:00000127 badland A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. Wikipedia:Dry_valley ENVO ENVO:00000128 dry valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:159 FTT:420 Geonames:H.RVN TGN:21427 ENVO gullie ravine ENVO:00000129 stream valley A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. EcoLexicon:reef FTT:202 FTT:203 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RF Geonames:U.RFSU Geonames:U.RFU SPIRE:Reef TGN:21479 Wikipedia:Reef REEF atoll reef bank reef barrier reef fringing reef shore reef submerged reef ENVO ledge reef reef flat reefs ENVO:00000130 reef A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. EcoLexicon:ice FTT:648 SWEETRealm:LandIce TGN:21410 glacer ENVO Ice LandIce glacial landform glacier feature ENVO:00000131 glacial feature A mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2. ENVO:00000379 FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:837 SWEETRealm:IceSheet TGN:21147 Wikipedia:Ice_sheet ENVO Arctic pack ICE FIELD bay ice continental glacier continental ice glacial tongue ice field ice mass island ice pack ice polar ice polar ice pack rock glacier shelf ice ENVO:00000132 ice sheet A large, slow moving river of ice, formed from compacted layers of snow, that slowly deforms and flows in response to gravity. glacial feature EcoLexicon:glacier FTT:648 FTT:756 Geonames:H.GLCR SWEETRealm:Glacier TGN:21141 Wikipedia:Glacier Glacier glacier ENVO RockGlacier ice field rock glacier ENVO:00000133 glacier Soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. EcoLexicon:permafrost Wikipedia:Permafrost Permafrost ENVO ENVO:00000134 permafrost A geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason. FTT:17 Geonames:A.ZNB Wikipedia:Buffer_zone buffer zone ENVO administrative area ENVO:00000135 buffer zone A geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. adminstrative area FTT:1253 FTT:20 Wikipedia:DMZ DEMILITIARIZED ZONE DMZ neutral zone ENVO boundary ENVO:00000136 demilitiarized zone An opening of the sea into the land. FTT:463 TGN:21128 ENVO coastal inlet ENVO:00000137 coastal inlet A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. EcoLexicon:cove FTT:190 FTT:229 Geonames:H.COVE SWEETRealm:Cove TGN:21120 Wikipedia:Cove ENVO bayou cove inlet ENVO:00000138 cove A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. canal FTT:129 FTT:406 Geonames:H.DTCHI irrigation ditch ENVO ENVO:00000139 irrigation ditch A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. EcoLexicon:drainage_ditch FTT:129 FTT:402 Geonames:H.DTCHD drainage ditch ENVO canal rhyne ENVO:00000140 drainage ditch The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. mount EcoLexicon:bank FTT:195 SWEETRealm:Bank TGN:21466 ENVO shore ENVO:00000141 bank The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. FTT:195 FTT:196 Geonames:H.BNKR Wikipedia:Stream_bank stream bank ENVO bank (hydrographic) ENVO:00000142 stream bank The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. TGN:21155 Wikipedia:River_bank riverbank ENVO ENVO:00000143 river bank A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). FTT:841 Geonames:H.CAPG SPIRE:Ice_cap SWEETRealm:IceCap TGN:21140 Wikipedia:Ice_cap icecap ENVO ice field ENVO:00000145 ice cap A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. FTT:1208 Geonames:L.SNOW TGN:21146 Wikipedia:Snow_field SNOWFIELD snowfield ENVO SnowField snowfield ENVO:00000146 snow field The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. current EcoLexicon:ocean_current FTT:597 FTT:598 Geonames:H.CRNT SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 Wikipedia:Ocean_current ocean current ENVO ENVO:00000147 Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ocean current A shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones. EcoLexicon:riffle Wikipedia:Riffle ENVO ENVO:00000148 riffle Chains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man. Wikipedia:Artificial_reef ENVO ENVO:00000149 artificial reef Aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water. EcoLexicon:coral_reef FTT:202 FTT:547 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RFC Wikipedia:Coral_reef CoralReef coral reef ENVO barrier reef fringing reef reef ENVO:00000150 coral reef An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment. basin FTT:705 FTT:706 Geonames:H.SBKH SWEETRealm:Sabkha TGN:21368 Wikipedia:Sabkha sabkha ENVO flat ENVO:00000151 sabkha A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main course and rejoins later. watercourse FTT:104 Geonames:H.STMA TGN:21136 Wikipedia:Anabranch anabranch ENVO stream ENVO:00000152 anabranch The upper part of a river system, denoting the upper basin and source streams of a river. stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1259 FTT:220 FTT:644 Geonames:H.STMH TGN:21181 Wikipedia:Headwater HEADWATER headwaters ENVO drainage basin headstream source ENVO:00000153 headwater An area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. Wikipedia:Flood_meadow ENVO water meadow ENVO:00000154 flood meadow A deep natural hollow near the crest of a mountain, usually formed by a glacier. FTT:218 FTT:481 Geonames:T.CRQ Geonames:T.CRQS TGN:21496 Wikipedia:Cirque CIRQUE Cirque cirque cirques coomb coombe corrie cwm ENVO ENVO:00000155 cirque A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. EcoLexicon:oasis FTT:261 Geonames:L.OAS TGN:21202 Wikipedia:Oasis OASIS oasis ENVO ENVO:00000156 desert oasis An artificial working of peatland to remove the peat. wetland FTT:1060 Geonames:L.PEAT peat cutting ENVO peat cutting area ENVO:00000157 peat cut A road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. EcoLexicon:causeway FTT:443 Geonames:R.CSWY TGN:53156 Wikipedia:Causeway ENVO causeway road ENVO:00000158 causeway agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:75 Geonames:S.ESTSG Wikipedia:Sugar_plantation sugar plantation ENVO ENVO:00000159 sugar plantation agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:73 Geonames:ESTSL sisal plantation ENVO ENVO:00000160 sisal plantation agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:49 Geonames:ESTB Wikipedia:Banana_plantation banana plantation ENVO ENVO:00000161 banana plantation agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:76 Geonames:S.ESTT tea estate tea plantation ENVO ENVO:00000162 tea plantation ENVO ENVO:00000163 coffee plantation agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:71 Geonames:S.ESTR rubber plantation ENVO ENVO:00000164 rubber plantation A lake formed of a natural deposit of alphalt, a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid composed of fossil hydrocarbons. basin EcoLexicon:tar_pit FTT:174 FTT:175 Geonames:T.ASPH TGN:21369 Wikipedia:Tar_pit asphalt lake tar pit ENVO ENVO:00000165 asphalt lake An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. island EcoLexicon:atoll FTT:127 FTT:450 Geonames:T.ATOL SWEETRealm:Atoll TGN:21472 Wikipedia:Atoll atoll coral atoll ENVO REEF, ISLAND atoll reef ENVO:00000166 atoll A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. seafloor feature EcoLexicon:bar FTT:1195 FTT:206 FTT:208 FTT:209 FTT:210 FTT:5 Geonames:H.BNK Geonames:H.SHOL Geonames:T.BAR Geonames:U.BKSU Geonames:U.BNKU Geonames:U.SHLU Geonames:U.SHSU Geonames:U.TNGU SWEETRealm:Bar TGN:21177 TGN:21480 TGN:21531 TGN:23191 ENVO BAR Shoal ball bank bank (hydrographic) banks (seafloor) bar bar (physiographic) barrier beach barrier island bay bar bay barrier bay head bar baymouth bar cuspate bar cuspate spit hook hooked spit longshore bar marsh bar offshore bar point recurved spit sand bank sand bar sand hom sand lobe sand spit sandbar shoal shoal patches shoals spit tongue tongue (seafloor) transverse bar undersea shoal ENVO:00000167 bar A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. EcoLexicon:blowhole FTT:266 Geonames:T.BLHL TGN:21172 Wikipedia:Blowhole blowhole ENVO ENVO:00000168 blowhole Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. EcoLexicon:canyon FTT:165 FTT:200 FTT:415 FTT:416 FTT:417 FTT:418 FTT:419 FTT:420 FTT:511 Geonames:T.CNYN SWEETRealm:Canyon TGN:21424 TGN:21426 TGN:21427 TGN:21429 Wikipedia:Canyon ENVO barranca chasm defile flume (natural) gap gorge gulch quebrada ravine valley ENVO:00000169 canyon A hill of sand built by eolian processes. mount ridge sandy area EcoLexicon:dune FTT:238 FTT:241 FTT:652 Geonames:T.DUNE SWEETRealm:Dune TGN:21419 TGN:21505 Wikipedia:Dune Dune dune sand dune interdune trough ENVO sand hill ENVO:00000170 dune A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. Wikipedia:River_valley ENVO ENVO:00000171 river valley desert sandy area EcoLexicon:sandy_area FTT:188 FTT:238 FTT:616 Geonames:T.ERG Geonames:T.SAND TGN:21203 sand desert sandy desert ENVO ENVO:00000172 sandy desert desert FTT:188 FTT:615 Geonames:T.HMDA TGN:21204 rock desert ENVO ENVO:00000173 rocky desert Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. EcoLexicon:isthmus FTT:892 Geonames:T.ISTH SWEETRealm:Isthmus TGN:21473 TGN:21478 Wikipedia:Isthmus ISTHMUS isthmus ENVO land bridge neck submarine isthmus ENVO:00000174 isthmus A feature shaped by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. These landscapes display distinctive surface features and underground drainages, and in some examples there may be little or no surface drainage. EcoLexicon:karst FTT:894 Geonames:T.KRST SWEETRealm:Karst TGN:21509 Wikipedia:Karst karst ENVO karst area ENVO:00000175 karst A landform elevated above the surrounding area. SWEETRealm:Elevation Wikipedia:Elevation ENVO ENVO:00000176 elevation An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. EcoLexicon:moraine FTT:759 Geonames:T.MRN TGN:21414 Wikipedia:Moraine MORAINE glacial moraine moraine ENVO ENVO:00000177 moraine An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. EcoLexicon:levee FTT:197 FTT:21 FTT:252 FTT:619 FTT:670 FTT:921 Geonames:S.DIKE Geonames:T.LEV SWEETRealm:Dike TGN:51251 TGN:51263 Wikipedia:Levee ENVO EMBANKMENT REVETMENT berm dike dike (manmade) dyke embankment levee revetment ENVO:00000178 levee An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. plateau FTT:376 FTT:377 Geonames:T.MESA SWEETRealm:Mesa TGN:21422 Wikipedia:Mesa mesa ENVO butte ENVO:00000179 mesa A rounded elevated area. FTT:118 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MND TGN:21458 Wikipedia:Mound ENVO mound mount ENVO:00000180 mound The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. glacier feature FTT:648 FTT:757 FTT:80 Geonames:T.NTK Geonames:T.NTKS TGN:21495 Wikipedia:Nunatak ENVO mountain summit nunatak nunataks peak ENVO:00000181 "peak" in the definition is understood as a synonym of mount, rather than of summit. Nunataks may also refer to areas of ridges. The definition and placement of this class may need to be revised. nunatak An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. EcoLexicon:plateau FTT:1080 FTT:1090 FTT:1091 FTT:788 Geonames:T.PLAT Geonames:T.UPLD SWEETRealm:Plateau TGN:21441 TGN:21493 TGN:21494 Wikipedia:Plateau PLATEAU Plateau ENVO highland intermontane plateau plateau table mountain tableknoll tableland tablemount upland ENVO:00000182 plateau A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones. desert FTT:188 FTT:617 Geonames:T.REG stony desert ENVO ENVO:00000183 stony desert A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. valley FTT:166 FTT:784 Geonames:T.VALG TGN:21514 Wikipedia:Hanging_valley hanging valley ENVO ENVO:00000184 hanging valley Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. wetland SWEETRealm:RaisedBog ENVO raised bog ENVO:00000185 raised mire Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain. wetland Wikipedia:String_bog string bog ENVO ENVO:00000186 string mire Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. ENVO ENVO:00000187 tundra mire Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. These develop where the ground surface is frozen only for part of the year, and are common in the former USSR, Canada and parts of Scandinavia. ENVO ENVO:00000188 paisa mire Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. This type of peatland covers around 350,000 km2, primarily in south-east Asia but also occurring in the Everglades in Florida. Wikipedia:Peat_swamp ENVO ENVO:00000189 peat swamp Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. EcoLexicon:abyssal_hill FTT:1020 FTT:2 FTT:4 ENVO Abyssalhill abyssal hill ocean floor feature ENVO:00000190 abyssal feature EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 ENVO geological feature landform ENVO:00000191 physiographic feature A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. wetland EcoLexicon:mud_flat FTT:1001 FTT:185 Geonames:H.FLTM SPIRE:Mudflat SWEETRealm:MudFlat Wikipedia:Mudflat mud flat ENVO mud flat ENVO:00000192 mudflat FTT:1033 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVO Wikipedia:Olive_grove ENVO olive grove wood ENVO:00000193 olive grove Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:scree FTT:1078 FTT:96 Geonames:T.TAL SWEETRealm:Talus TGN:21508 Wikipedia:Scree ENVO TALUS talus slope ENVO:00000194 scree A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. basin EcoLexicon:sink_hole FTT:1073 FTT:1074 Geonames:T.SINK SWEETRealm:Sink TGN:21371 Wikipedia:Sinkhole ENVO cenote sink ENVO:00000195 sinkhole A dry lakebed consisting of fine-grained sediments infused with alkali salts. Generally the shore or bed of an endorheic lake. FTT:223 FTT:477 FTT:706 FTT:895 SWEETRealm:Playa ENVO chott kavir playa salina ENVO:00000196 alkaline flat A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. EcoLexicon:endorheic_lake Wikipedia:Endorheic_lake ENVO ENVO:00000197 endorheic lake A lake permanently covered by ice. Wikipedia:Subglacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000198 subglacial lake A lake which has layers of water which do not intermix. The deepest layer of water in such a lake does not contain any dissolved oxygen. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living organisms to stir them up. EcoLexicon:meromictic_lake_ ENVO ENVO:00000199 meromictic lake A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. Wikipedia:Periglacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000200 periglacial lake A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. Wikipedia:Fjord_lake ENVO ENVO:00000201 fjord lake A lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. lake EcoLexicon:ox-bow_lake FTT:221 FTT:903 Geonames:H.LKO TGN:21139 Wikipedia:Oxbow_lake oxbow oxbow lake ENVO ENVO:00000202 oxbow lake A lake which forms as a result of subsidence along a geological fault in the Earth's tectonic plates. Wikipedia:Rift_lake ENVO ENVO:00000203 rift lake A spring whose flow is intermittent. ENVO ENVO:00000204 ephemeral spring A spring whose flow is continuous. ENVO ENVO:00000205 permanent spring The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:neritic_zone SWEETRealm:NeriticZone Wikipedia:Neritic_zone ENVO ENVO:00000206 neritic zone The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:oceanic_zone OceanLayer ENVO ENVO:00000207 oceanic zone An open ocean region. EcoLexicon:pelagic_zone SPIRE:Pelagic SWEETRealm:PelagicZone Wikipedia:Pelagic_zone ENVO ENVO:00000208 pelagic zone The zone of an ocean from the surface to 200m where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. EcoLexicon:epipelagic_zone SPIRE:Epipelagic_zone SWEETRealm:PhoticZone Wikipedia:Photic_zone PhoticZone epipelagic zone ENVO ENVO:00000209 photic zone The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light. EcoLexicon:aphotic_zone SWEETRealm:AphoticZone Wikipedia:Aphotic_zone AphoticZone ENVO ENVO:00000210 aphotic zone The one of an ocean below the 10degC thermocline down to a temperature of 4degC. EcoLexicon:bathypelagic_zone SWEETRealm:BathypelagicZone Wikipedia:Bathypelagic_zone ENVO ENVO:00000211 bathypelagic zone The zone of the ocean below the bathypelagic zone, with its lowest boundary at about 6000m. ENVO ENVO:00000212 abyssalpelagic zone The zone of an ocean immediately below the photic zone down to a depth where the water temperature is 10degC (the thermocline). EcoLexicon:mesopelagic_zone SPIRE:Mesopelagic_zone SWEETRealm:MesopelagicZone Wikipedia:Mesopelagic_zone ENVO ENVO:00000213 mesopelagic zone The zone of an ocean in oceanic trenches, lying between 6000m and 10,000m. ENVO ENVO:00000214 hadalpelagic zone A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. EcoLexicon:hydrothermal_vent FTT:834 Wikipedia:Hydrothermal_vent HydrothermalVents ENVO ENVO:00000215 hydrothermal vent A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. thermal feature EcoLexicon:fumarole FTT:731 FTT:732 Wikipedia:Fumarole FUMAROLE ENVO ENVO:00000216 fumarole A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases. EcoLexicon:solfatara Wikipedia:Solfatara ENVO ENVO:00000217 solfatara A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the cold ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. SPIRE:Oceanic_vent Wikipedia:Black_smoker active chimney ENVO oceanic vent sea vent ENVO:00000218 black smoker A sea that is not connected with an ocean. lake FTT:221 FTT:871 ENVO inland sea ENVO:00000219 landlocked sea A group of geographically or geologically associated islands. EcoLexicon:archipelago FTT:146 TGN:21470 TGN:21474 Wikipedia:Archipelago ISLAND CLUSTER ENVO IslandArc island arc island group ENVO:00000220 archipelago An island that lies on a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:continental_island Wikipedia:Continental_island ENVO ENVO:00000221 continental island An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. EcoLexicon:oceanic_island Wikipedia:Oceanic_island ENVO volcanic island ENVO:00000222 oceanic island The extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow sea. EcoLexicon:continental_margin EcoLexicon:continental_shelf FTT:283 FTT:284 FTT:535 FTT:537 FTT:538 FTT:539 Geonames:U.BDLU Geonames:U.SHFU SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin Wikipedia:Continental_shelf shelf shelves, continental ENVO borderland borderland (continental margin) platform (continental margin) shelf edge (ocean) ENVO:00000223 The continental shelf is a gentle slope. This class refers to the geographical continental shelf and not the legal concept of the same name. continental shelf An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. ENVO ENVO:00000224 slightly stratified estuary An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. ENVO ENVO:00000225 highly stratified estuary An estuary whose river output greatly exceeds marine input; there is little mixing, and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. EcoLexicon:salt-wedge_estuary salt wedge estuary ENVO ENVO:00000226 saline wedge estuary An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. ENVO ENVO:00000227 vertically mixed estuary An estuary located in regions with high evaporation, there is no freshwater input and in fact salinity increases inland; overall flow is inward at the surface, downwells at the inland terminus, and flows outward subsurface. ENVO ENVO:00000228 inverse estuary An estuary that varies dramatically depending on freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any of the other estuary types. ENVO ENVO:00000229 intermittent estuary A wetland associated with the part of the land adjoining or near a sea or ocean. Wikipedia:Coastal_wetland ENVO ENVO:00000230 coastal wetland A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. grassland moor wetland woodland EcoLexicon:moor FTT:1191 FTT:991 Geonames:H.MOOR TGN:21608 Wikipedia:Moor ENVO shrubland ENVO:00000231 moor A freshwater peat land with chemically basic (which roughly means alkaline) ground water. wetland FTT:685 TGN:21321 Wikipedia:Fen ENVO ENVO:00000232 fen A wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. wetland EcoLexicon:swamp FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:H.SWMP SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp TGN:21324 Wikipedia:Swamp Swamp swamp ENVO cienaga ENVO:00000233 swamp A small, slow-moving stream or creek; usually located in low-lying areas. lake watercourse EcoLexicon:embayment_ FTT:1206 FTT:228 FTT:230 TGN:21303 TGN:21305 Wikipedia:Bayou ENVO bahia embayment lake slough ENVO:00000234 bayou A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. ENVO ENVO:00000235 carr A class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas, and have river-like branching forms which may be nowhere very large, but common enough to add up to a large area. Wikipedia:Dambo ENVO ENVO:00000236 dambo A danbo associated with a headwater. ENVO ENVO:00000237 hydromorphic/phreatic dambo A dambo associated with a river. ENVO ENVO:00000238 fluvial dambo A palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus. wetland ENVO ENVO:00000239 pocasin ENVO ENVO:00000240 It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline wetland A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. wetland EcoLexicon:tidal_flat FTT:1230 FTT:185 FTT:706 Geonames:H.FLTT Wikipedia:Tidal_flat FLAT tidal flat ENVO ENVO:00000241 tidal mudflat A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. ENVO ENVO:00000242 lacustrine mudflat A wetland whose water that contains low concentrations of salts. ENVO ENVO:00000243 freshwater wetland A flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. EcoLexicon:abyssal_plain FTT:4 SPIRE:Abyssal TGN:23302 Wikipedia:Abyssal_plain Abyssalplain ENVO abyssal feature ENVO:00000244 abyssal plain A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. Wikipedia:Maar ENVO ENVO:00000245 maar A crater formed by a volcano, within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. FTT:219 TGN:21408 Wikipedia:Volcanic_crater ENVO crater ENVO:00000246 volcanic crater An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. mount EcoLexicon:volcano FTT:592 Geonames:T.VLC TGN:21406 Wikipedia:Volcano Volcano volcano ENVO ENVO:00000247 volcano A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. Wikipedia:Glacial_valley ENVO valley ENVO:00000248 glacial valley The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. moraine EcoLexicon:lateral_moraine Wikipedia:Lateral_moraine ENVO ENVO:00000249 lateral moraine A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. Wikipedia:Medial_moraine ENVO ENVO:00000250 medial moraine A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. EcoLexicon:ground_moraine Wikipedia:Ground_moraine ENVO ENVO:00000251 ground moraine Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. EcoLexicon:terminal_moraine Wikipedia:Terminal_moraine end moraine ENVO delta moraine moraine ENVO:00000252 terminal moraine A plain where a stream meanders across an area with a very low gradient, usually with a fairly continuous discharge. In addition to meanders, scroll plains are also characterised by many oxbow lakes. ENVO ENVO:00000253 scroll plane An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. ENVO ENVO:00000254 till plan An area which is subject to periodic flooding. EcoLexicon:flood_plain FTT:288 FTT:98 SWEETRealm:FloodPlain TGN:21460 Wikipedia:Flood_plain FLOOD PLAIN Floodplain floodplain ENVO bottomland ENVO:00000255 flood plain The stream channel and adjacent areas that carry flood flows in a flood plain. FTT:710 Wikipedia:Floodway ENVO ENVO:00000256 floodway Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which do not experience a strong current. Wikipedia:Flood_fringe ENVO ENVO:00000257 flood fringe Arelatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. EcoLexicon:alluvial_plain SWEETRealm:AlluvialPlain Wikipedia:Alluvial_plain ENVO ENVO:00000258 alluvial plain A plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. SWEETRealm:LacustrinePlain Wikipedia:Lacustrine_plain ENVO ENVO:00000259 lacustrine plain An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). FTT:259 FTT:707 FTT:769 FTT:926 TGN:21605 TGN:21606 Wikipedia:Prairie ENVO grassland llanos pampa plain veld ENVO:00000260 prairie A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees. FTT:259 FTT:770 FTT:771 TGN:21607 Wikipedia:Savanna Savanna ENVO grassland savannah ENVO:00000261 savanna A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. EcoLexicon:steppe FTT:259 Wikipedia:Steppe ENVO grassland pampa pampas puszta ENVO:00000262 steppe A narrow, verical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. ENVO ENVO:00000263 fissure cave A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. Independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. mount EcoLexicon:mountain EcoLexicon:seamount FTT:1241 Geonames:MTSU Geonames:RNGU Geonames:U.HLLU Geonames:U.HLSU Geonames:U.KNLU Geonames:U.KNSU Geonames:U.MESU Geonames:U.MNDU Geonames:U.MTU Geonames:U.PKSU Geonames:U.PKU Geonames:U.SMSU Geonames:U.SMU TGN:23132 TGN:23133 TGN:23172 TGN:23175 TGN:23176 TGN:23178 Wikipedia:Seamount Seamount mountains sea mount sea-mount seaknoll seamount submarine volcano ENVO hill hills knoll knolls mesa mound mount mountain peak peaks range seakpeak undersea hill undersea knoll undersea mound ENVO:00000264 seamount A flat-topped seamount. seamount EcoLexicon:tablemount FTT:1197 FTT:777 FTT:778 Geonames:U.TMSU TGN:23171 Wikipedia:Guyot tablemount tablemounts ENVO plateau tablemount (seafloor) ENVO:00000265 guyot Grassland used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. agricultural site grassland FTT:45 FTT:67 Geonames:L.GRAZ Wikipedia:Pasture ENVO cropland grazing area ENVO:00000266 pasture A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. canyon canyons EcoLexicon:submarine_canyon FTT:421 Geonames:U.CNSU Geonames:U.CNYU TGN:23415 TGN:23416 Wikipedia:Submarine_canyon SubmarineCanyon undersea canyon ENVO undersea ravine ENVO:00000267 submarine canyon The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. FTT:221 FTT:804 lake bottom ENVO lake ENVO:00000268 lake bed A continental island connected to its adjacent land by a natural feature, such as a causeway. island FTT:147 FTT:890 Geonames:T.ISLT TGN:21511 ENVO land-tied island ENVO:00000269 land-tied island A pond that has formed as a consequence of the activities of beavers, building a beaver dam. FTT:245 Wikipedia:Beaver_pond ENVO lake ENVO:00000270 beaver pond A dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa that stays dry in the summer, but receive some water in the winter. This water may come as a groundwater discharge. FTT:477 Wikipedia:Chott shott ENVO ENVO:00000271 chott The point where a tributary joins a more major river. stream EcoLexicon:confluence FTT:105 FTT:531 Geonames:H.CNFL TGN:21160 TGN:21381 Wikipedia:Confluence confluence ENVO stream junction ENVO:00000272 confluence The seabed below the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break). The continental slope is much steeper than the shelf; the average angle is 3, but it can be as low as 1 or as high as 10. The slope is often cut with submarine canyons. EcoLexicon:continental_slope FTT:536 Wikipedia:Continental_slope ENVO ENVO:00000273 continental slope The continental rise is below the continental slope, but landward of the abyssal plains. Its gradient is intermediate between the slope and the shelf, on the order of 0.5-1. Extending as far as 500 km from the slope, it consists of thick sediments deposited by turbidity currents from the shelf and slope. Sediment cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope, called the continental rise. FTT:534 Geonames:U.CRSU TGN:23110 Wikipedia:Continental_rise continental rise ENVO ENVO:00000274 continental rise Hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. EcoLexicon:deep_sea_trench EcoLexicon:trench FTT:1021 FTT:609 FTT:610 Geonames:U.TRGU Geonames:U.TRNU SWEETRealm:Trench TGN:23462 TGN:23464 Wikipedia:Ocean_trench Trench deep sea trench ocean trench trench ENVO TROUGH deep trough undersea trench undersea trough ENVO:00000275 ocean trench An elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins are sometimes compared to kames, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice successively plasters new layers in its movement. EcoLexicon:drumlin FTT:647 TGN:21411 Wikipedia:Drumlin ENVO mount ridge ENVO:00000276 drumlin A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. lake FTT:650 Geonames:H.LBED SWEETRealm:DryLake TGN:21117 Wikipedia:Dry_lake ENVO lake bed ENVO:00000277 dry lake A stream that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. FTT:105 FTT:651 Geonames:T.SBED ENVO dry stream bed stream ENVO:00000278 dry stream A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. EcoLexicon:salt_pan Geonames:L.SALT SWEETRealm:SaltFlat TGN:21459 TGN:21506 SALT PAN salt pan ENVO salt area salt flat ENVO:00000279 saline pan A transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves an elevation differential, often involving high cliffs. Most commonly a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. In such cases, the escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older. EcoLexicon:scarp FTT:490 FTT:596 Geonames:T.CUET Geonames:T.SCRP TGN:21489 TGN:21500 Wikipedia:Escarpment escarpment scarp ENVO cliff cuesta ENVO:00000280 escarpment An escarpment resulting from a fault. Wikipedia:Fault_escarpment ENVO ENVO:00000281 fault escarpment A long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. FTT:673 Wikipedia:Esker ENVO ridge ENVO:00000282 esker A long and narrow upland with steep sides. EcoLexicon:beach_cusp EcoLexicon:crest FTT:1176 FTT:1177 FTT:154 FTT:155 FTT:236 FTT:596 FTT:809 FTT:844 Geonames:T.RDGE SWEETRealm:Ridge TGN:21366 TGN:21491 Wikipedia:Ridge RIDGE Ridge beach cusp beach ridge icecap ridge rise (seafloor) ENVO arete crest cuesta hogback ridge spur spur (physiographic) ENVO:00000283 ridge An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. mine mine site open pit mine EcoLexicon:quarry FTT:14 FTT:974 Geonames:S.MNQR TGN:54217 Wikipedia:Quarry quarry ENVO ENVO:00000284 quarry A bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure. EcoLexicon:quicksand FTT:206 FTT:207 Geonames:L.QCKS TGN:21503 Wikipedia:Quicksand quicksand ENVO QUICKSAND bar quicksand ENVO:00000285 quicksand area An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:polder FTT:1070 FTT:96 Geonames:T.PLDR TGN:21522 Wikipedia:Polder polder ENVO ENVO:00000286 polder An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. plateau FTT:376 Geonames:T.BUTE SWEETRealm:Butte TGN:21443 Wikipedia:Butte butte ENVO ENVO:00000287 butte agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:53 Geonames:ESTC Wikipedia:Cotton_plantation cotton plantation ENVO ENVO:00000288 cotton plantation The raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. ENVO ENVO:00000289 horst A depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. A graben is the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side. Grabens often occur side-by-side with horsts. Horst and graben structures are indicative of tensional forces and crustal stretching. FTT:682 SWEETRealm:FaultZone Wikipedia:Graben ENVO fault zone ENVO:00000290 graben An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. EcoLexicon:basin EcoLexicon:drainage_basin FTT:220 FTT:440 Geonames:L.BSND SWEETRealm:DrainageBasin TGN:21455 Wikipedia:Drainage_basin Basin ENVO CATCHMENT Catchment Watershed catchment drainage basin watershed ENVO:00000291 drainage basin The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. FTT:220 FTT:645 Geonames:T.DVD SWEETRealm:Watershed TGN:21440 Wikipedia:Watershed divide water divide ENVO RIDGE LINE divide drainage basin ENVO:00000292 watershed A watershed such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of the continent. FTT:533 Wikipedia:Continental_divide ENVO ENVO:00000293 continental divide A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. FTT:123 FTT:694 Wikipedia:Fish_farm ENVO aquacultural site fishery ENVO:00000294 fish farm A facility where eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. FTT:695 Wikipedia:Fish_hatchery ENVO ENVO:00000295 fish hatchery A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. FTT:45 FTT:70 Wikipedia:Rice_field ENVO agricultural site cropland rice paddy ENVO:00000296 rice field A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. Wikipedia:Paddy_field ENVO ENVO:00000297 paddy field A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. ice mass EcoLexicon:iceberg FTT:758 FTT:838 SWEETRealm:Iceberg TGN:21142 Wikipedia:Iceberg ICEBERG ENVO IceFloe Iceberg arched iceberg barrier iceberg floeberg glacial berg glacial iceberg ENVO:00000298 iceberg A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:836 FTT:837 FTT:838 FTT:839 FTT:840 FTT:841 FTT:842 SWEETRealm:IceField TGN:21147 ice patch iceberg icefall ENVO IceSheet ice field ice sheet icecap ENVO:00000299 Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. ice field Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. FTT:1191 FTT:262 FTT:374 FTT:473 FTT:792 FTT:991 Geonames:V.SCRB SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21644 TGN:21652 Wikipedia:Scrubland scrubland ENVO bush chaparal area heath moor scrub shrubland ENVO:00000300 scrubland A shrubland area found primarily in regions with a Mediterranean climate (mid, wet winters and hot dry summers) often shaped by wildfires. FTT:473 SPIRE:Chaparral ENVO chaparal area maquis woodland ENVO:00000301 chaparral A valley created by the formation of a rift, i.e. place where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart by tectonic forces. FTT:684 SWEETRealm:RiftValley Wikipedia:Rift_valley ENVO RiftValley rift zone valley ENVO:00000302 rift valley The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. EcoLexicon:coast EcoLexicon:sea_coast FTT:500 Geonames:L.CST SPIRE:Coastal SPIRE:Littoral SWEETRealm:CoastalRegion TGN:21483 Wikipedia:Coast COAST coast sea coast ENVO CoastalRegion Littoral coast line coastal area coastal plain coastline rivage ENVO:00000303 coast That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. coastal zone EcoLexicon:shore FTT:240 FTT:503 FTT:504 Geonames:T.SHOR SWEETRealm:Shore TGN:21481 Wikipedia:Shore SHORE shore shoreface ENVO beach face foreshore inshore rivage seashore strand ENVO:00000304 shore A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. EcoLexicon:peninsula FTT:253 FTT:422 FTT:423 FTT:424 FTT:425 Geonames:T.CAPE Geonames:T.HDLD Geonames:T.PEN Geonames:T.PROM Geonames:T.PT Geonames:T.PTS SWEETRealm:Point TGN:21462 TGN:21463 TGN:21464 TGN:21476 TGN:21477 Wikipedia:Peninsula PENINSULA peninsula ENVO cape foreland head headland hook neck ness point point (physiographic) points promontgory promontory tongue winged headland ENVO:00000305 peninsula A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. EcoLexicon:spit FTT:210 Geonames:T.SPIT SWEETRealm:Spit TGN:21465 ENVO bar spit ENVO:00000306 spit A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow and a chaotic crevassed surface. ice mass FTT:758 FTT:842 Wikipedia:Icefall ENVO ENVO:00000307 icefall A valley or trough between two dunes. FTT:652 Geonames:T.TRGD interdune trough ENVO ENVO:00000308 dune slack A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 FTT:216 Geonames:T.DPR Geonames:T.PAN Geonames:T.PANS SWEETRealm:Depression TGN:21454 TGN:21497 TGN:21521 ENVO BASIN barrier basin basin cauldron depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin ENVO:00000309 depression A crater caused by the impact of a meteor. SWEETRealm:ImpactCrater Wikipedia:Impact_crater ENVO ENVO:00000310 impact crater A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. basin kettle hole ENVO ENVO:00000311 kettle The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. Wikipedia:Sandur ENVO outwash plain ENVO:00000312 sandur A sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind. EcoLexicon:blowout FTT:267 Geonames:T.BLOW TGN:21448 blowout ENVO ENVO:00000313 blowout A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. EcoLexicon:alluvial_fan FTT:94 FTT:95 Geonames:T.FAN SWEETRealm:AlluvialFan TGN:21421 Wikipedia:Alluvial_fan ENVO delta fan fan (alluvial) ENVO:00000314 alluvial fan A convergence of neighboring alluvial fans into a single apron of deposits against a slope. FTT:188 FTT:191 SWEETRealm:Bajada Wikipedia:Bajada ENVO desert ENVO:00000315 bajada The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. coastal zone EcoLexicon:intertidal_zone FTT:240 FTT:501 SPIRE:Intertidal SWEETRealm:IntertidalZone Wikipedia:Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone ENVO littoral zone ENVO:00000316 intertidal zone Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats. EcoLexicon:tidal_pool Wikipedia:Tidal_pool ENVO ENVO:00000317 tidal pool The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment. ENVO upper littoral ENVO:00000318 high tide zone The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. ENVO lower littoral ENVO:00000319 low tide zone A deep fissure in snow or ice. FTT:489 FTT:594 FTT:702 Geonames:T.FSR SWEETRealm:Fissure TGN:21415 TGN:21416 Wikipedia:Crevasse CREVASSE ENVO cleft crevice fissure ENVO:00000320 crevasse A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. ENVO ENVO:00000321 joint-plane cave A cave in a lava flow. Wikipedia:Lava_cave ENVO ENVO:00000322 lava cave A cave containing a stream or active speleothems. ENVO ENVO:00000323 live cave A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000324 outflow cave A large closed depression draining underground, witha flat floor across which there may be an intermittent or perennial stream and which may be liable to flood and become a lake. The floor makes a sharp break with parts of surrounding slopes. EcoLexicon:polje Wikipedia:Polje ENVO ENVO:00000325 polje A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution. Wikipedia:Sea_cave ENVO ENVO:00000326 sea cave A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite. EcoLexicon:speleothem Wikipedia:Speleothem ENVO ENVO:00000327 speleothem A zone beneath the land surface and above the level of permanent groundwater or phreatic zone in which water has a hydraulic head less than atmospheric pressure and is retained by a combination of adhesion and capillary action. unsaturated zone vadose zone ENVO ENVO:00000328 Wikipedia: If the vadose zone envelops soil, the water contained therein is termed soil moisture. In fine grained soils, capillary action can cause the pores of the soil to be fully saturated above the water table at a pressure less than atmospheric. In such soils, therefore, the unsaturated zone is the upper section of the vadose zone and not identical to it. vadoze zone A zone beneath the land surface in which all interstices are filled with water. Water in the phreatic zone has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. Wikipedia:Phreatic_zone ENVO zone of saturation ENVO:00000329 phreatic zone A speleothem projecting vertically upwards from a cave floor and formed by precipitation from drips. Wikipedia:Stalagmite ENVO ENVO:00000330 stalagmite A speleothem hanging downwards from a roof or wall, of cylindrical or conical form, usually with a central hollow tube. Wikipedia:Stalactite ENVO ENVO:00000331 stalactite A closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g. cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. From a few to many hundreds of metres in dimensions. Wikipedia:Doline ENVO ENVO:00000332 doline Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development. ENVO ENVO:00000333 subjacent karst Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. ENVO ENVO:00000334 syngenetic karst Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. ENVO ENVO:00000335 polygonal karst Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. ENVO ENVO:00000336 doline karst The liquid that can be mechanically extracted an orange. Wikipedia:Orange_juice ENVO ENVO:00000337 Added for compatibility with GEMINA. orange juice Vomit is a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. Wikipedia:Vomit ENVO ENVO:00000338 vomit An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 ENVO ENVO:00000339 piece of rock ENVO ENVO:00000340 grain of sand A piece of rock that is two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches). ENVO ENVO:00000341 piece of gravel A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. ice mass FTT:758 FTT:840 Geonames:H.DOMG TGN:21144 icecap dome icecap dome ENVO ENVO:00000342 ice cap dome ENVO ENVO:00000343 particle of silt ENVO ENVO:00000344 grain of desert sand ENVO ENVO:00000345 grain of beach sand ENVO ENVO:00000346 grain of acid dune sand ENVO ENVO:00000347 grain of sea sand ENVO ENVO:00000348 grain of rocky sand Wikipedia:Terrarium ENVO ENVO:00000349 terrarium A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. Wikipedia:Somma_volcano ENVO ENVO:00000350 somma volcano A chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. Wikipedia:Volcanic_arc ENVO ENVO:00000351 volcanic arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust. ENVO ENVO:00000352 continental arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust other oceanic crust on an adjacent tectonic plate. EcoLexicon:island_arc SWEETRealm:IslandArc Wikipedia:Island_arc ENVO ENVO:00000353 island arc A region of the earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. Wikipedia:Volcanic_field ENVO volcanic complex volcanic group volcanic system ENVO:00000354 volcanic field A volcanic field of small, scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous monogenetic volcanoes, are noted for having only one short eruptive event. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. Wikipedia:Monogenetic_volcanic_field ENVO ENVO:00000355 monogenetic volcanic field A cone made of material ejected from a volcano. The material can range from finest particles. In comparison, cinder cones are more uniform. They are usually found in or on larger features, such as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and can be found inside calderas, however they can also be an independent feature. They can range from a few metres in height and are usually formed by a single eruption. Wikipedia:Pyroclastic_cone pyroclastic dome ENVO ENVO:00000356 pyroclastic cone A device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied. EcoLexicon:lock ENVO ENVO:00000357 lock An area of land and/or a body of water especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means. Wikipedia:Protected_area ENVO ENVO:00000358 protected area A natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Wikipedia:Natural_monument ENVO ENVO:00000359 natural monument A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture. Wikipedia:National_forest ENVO ENVO:00000360 national forest A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic 'building block' of nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations are based upon them, including National Nature Reserves, Ramsar Sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation. Wikipedia:Site_of_special_scientific_interest ENVO Area of Special Scientific Interest SSSI ENVO:00000361 site of special scientific interest A protected area of the sea usually established to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like watery national parks. Wikipedia:Marine_park ENVO ENVO:00000362 marine park A protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. Wikipedia:Nature_reserve ENVO natural preserve natural reserve nature preserve ENVO:00000363 nature reserve A designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. Wikipedia:National_wildlife_refuge ENVO ENVO:00000364 national wildlife refuge A wetland protected by the terms of the Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat). Wikipedia:Ramsar_site ENVO ENVO:00000365 ramsar site A United Kingdom government conservation designation for a nature reserve of national significance for biological or earth science interest. Wikipedia:National_nature_reserve ENVO ENVO:00000366 national nature reserve A reserve of land, usually, but not always declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. National parks are a protected area of IUCN category II. Wikipedia:National_park ENVO ENVO:00000367 national park An island, usually the consequence of the activity of a submarine volcano, that only exists for a short period or short periods of time after its formation, then being eroded or otherwise disappearing beneath the surface of a body of water. ENVO ENVO:00000368 ephemeral island ENVO:01000060 Wikipedia:Brine_pool marine brine pool ENVO ENVO:00000369 brine pool A distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. Wikipedia:Tuya ENVO ENVO:00000370 tuya A volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area. Stratovolcanoes may form complex volcanoes, because they may overlap another from explosive eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and by repeated eruptions, to make multiple summits and vents. Stratovolcanoes could also form a large caldera that gets filled in by multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may also develop on the caldera's rim. Wikipedia:Complex_volcano compound volcano ENVO ENVO:00000371 complex volcano A shield volcano that isformed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. They typically display low-angle flank slopes and have little or no central collapse, although a shallow sag in the shield is commonly observed. Lava is commonly extruded after the cessation of explosive activity commonly superposes the vent region. terrestrial ignimbrite shield ENVO ENVO:00000372 pyroclastic shield volcano An area where wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. ENVO ENVO:00000373 geothermal field A protected area with the purpose of protecting and managing wild life. Wikipedia:Wildlife_management_area ENVO ENVO:00000374 wildlife management area A protected area that is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Wikipedia:World_heritage_site ENVO ENVO:00000375 world heritage site An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). Wikipedia:Biosphere_reserve ENVO ENVO:00000376 biosphere reserve A lake purposefully constructed. Wikipedia:Artificial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000377 artificial lake A reservoir constructed for the purpose of maintaining water levels in a canal or canals. ENVO ENVO:00000378 canal head reservoir A thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. SWEETRealm:IceShelf Wikipedia:Ice_shelf ENVO ENVO:00000380 ice shelf A section of the Earths's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. EcoLexicon:massif FTT:946 TGN:21435 Wikipedia:Massif ENVO ENVO:00000381 massif That part of the land in immediate contact with a lake. TGN:21484 ENVO lakeshore ENVO:00000382 lake shore The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow. FTT:651 Geonames:H.STMB TGN:21165 Wikipedia:Stream_bed stream bed stream bottom dry stream bed ENVO stream channel ENVO:00000383 stream bed The channel bottom of a river; the physical confine of the normal water flow. watercourse EcoLexicon:river_bed_structure SWEETRealm:RiverBed TGN:21154 Wikipedia:River_bed river bottom ENVO ENVO:00000384 river bed The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. stream FTT:105 FTT:1222 Geonames:H.STMM stream mouth ENVO ENVO:00000385 stream mouth The end of a stream where it enters a standing water body such as a lake, sea or ocean. TGN:21156 Wikipedia:River_mouth ENVO ENVO:00000386 river mouth A lake that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. lake FTT:221 FTT:875 Geonames:H.LKI Geonames:H.LKSI TGN:21118 Wikipedia:Intermittent_lake intermittent lake intermittent lakes ENVO ENVO:00000387 intermittent lake An area that is sometimes inundated or saturated by surface or ground water sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. wetland FTT:85 FTT:883 Geonames:H.WTLDI TGN:21306 intermittent wetland ENVO ENVO:00000389 intermittent wetland FTT:1177 Geonames:T.SPUR TGN:21366 ENVO spur spurs (physiographic ENVO:00000390 mountain spur An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses which allows animals and plants to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges are commonly created by regression, in which sea levels fall exposing previously submerged sections of continental shelf. Land bridges are also formed by: (a) upthrust at the edge of continental plates; and (b) glacial retreat alleviating pressure on shallow marine formations. TGN:21478 Wikipedia:Land_bridge ENVO ENVO:00000391 land bridge A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. TGN:21143 Wikipedia:Ice_tongue glacier tongue ENVO glacial tongue ENVO:00000392 ice tongue A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. channel watercourse EcoLexicon:sound FTT:233 FTT:469 Geonames:H.SD SWEETRealm:Sound TGN:21129 sound ENVO inlet lake open sound sound (body of water) ENVO:00000393 sound A narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. channel watercourse EcoLexicon:strait FTT:233 FTT:470 Geonames:H.STRT SWEETRealm:Strait TGN:21132 Wikipedia:Strait strait ENVO ENVO:00000394 strait The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. watercourse EcoLexicon:channel EcoLexicon:sea_channel FTT:1192 FTT:233 FTT:461 FTT:462 FTT:463 FTT:464 FTT:465 FTT:466 FTT:468 FTT:469 FTT:470 Geonames:H.CHN Geonames:U.SCNU Geonames:U.SCSU SWEETRealm:Channel TGN:21137 TGN:23451 sea channel sea channels stream channel undersea channel ENVO WaterChannel channel chutes (hydrographic) improved channel inlet (hydrographic) reach (hydrographic) sea channel seachannel (seafloor) sound (bodies of water) strait ENVO:00000395 channel channel FTT:233 FTT:465 Geonames:H.CHNM TGN:21186 ENVO marine channel ENVO:00000396 marine channel FTT:233 FTT:464 Geonames:H.CHNL TGN:21185 ENVO channel lake channel ENVO:00000397 lake channel Built by fragments (called ejecta) thrown up (ejected) from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. cone FTT:530 Geonames:T.CONE SWEETRealm:VolcanicCone TGN:21418 Wikipedia:Volcanic_cone lava cone ENVO cone (geological) ENVO:00000398 volcanic cone A cone that is composed of particles of silt to sand size. Explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with groundwater or the sea (as in an eruption off the coast) produce steam and are called phreatic. The interaction between the magma, expanding steam, and volcanic gases results in the ejection of mostly small particles called ash. Fallen ash has the consistency of flour. The unconsolidated ash forms an ash cone which becomes a tuff cone or tuff ring once the ash consolidates. Wikipedia:Ash_cone ENVO ENVO:00000399 ash cone A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. SWEETRealm:CinderCone Wikipedia:Cinder_cone ENVO mount ENVO:00000400 cinder cone A volcanic cone formed of molten lava ejected from a vent somewhat like taffy. Expanding gases in the lava fountains tear the liquid rock into irregular gobs that fall back to earth, forming a heap around the vent. The still partly liquid rock splashed down and over the sides of the developing mound is called spatter. Because spatter is not fully solid when it lands, the individual deposits are very irregular in shape and weld together as they cool, and in this way particularly differ from cinder and ash. SWEETRealm:SpatterCone Wikipedia:Spatter_cone ENVO ENVO:00000401 spatter cone A volcano created by geologically excreted liquids and gases, although there are several different processes which may cause such activity. Temperatures are much cooler than igneous processes. EcoLexicon:mud_volcano Wikipedia:Mud_volcano ENVO ENVO:00000402 mud volcano A large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. Wikipedia:Shield_volcano ENVO mount ENVO:00000403 shield volcano A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, or high in silica to intermediate (rhyolite, dacite, or andesite). Wikipedia:Stratovolcano ENVO composite volcano ENVO:00000404 stratovolcano An underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. EcoLexicon:oceanic_ridge TGN:23151 Wikipedia:Mid-ocean_ridge ENVO OceanRidge undersea ridge ENVO:00000406 mid-ocean ridge A volcano produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a lake melted into a glacier or ice mass by the rising lava. Wikipedia:Subglacial_volcano ENVO tuya ENVO:00000407 Something more specific than an adjacent_to relation would be better, especially considering the volcano in question may have melted nearby glacial mass. subglacial volcano A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is usually a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts and hannels. The volcano can usually be seen as a crack in the ground or on the ocean floor. Narrow fissures can be filled in with lava that hardens. FTT:702 SWEETRealm:Fissure Wikipedia:Volcanic_fissure ENVO fissure fissure vent ENVO:00000408 volcanic fissure A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. hydrographic feature FTT:131 FTT:829 TGN:21183 Wikipedia:Whirlpool WHRL ENVO ENVO:00000409 whirlpool An elevated area such as a hill, ridge or old lava dome inside or downslope from an area of active volcanism. New lava flows will cover the surrounding land, isolating the kipuka so that it appears as a (usually) forested island in a barren lava flow. Wikipedia:Kipuka ENVO ENVO:00000410 kipuka The shallow part of a stream which can be easily crossed. transportation feature EcoLexicon:ford FTT:714 FTT:83 Geonames:T.FORD TGN:21170 Wikipedia:Ford FORD ford ford (crossing) ENVO ENVO:00000411 ford TGN:21130 ENVO ENVO:00000412 tidal watercourse A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. mount Wikipedia:Pingo hydrolaccolith pingos ENVO bugor bulginniakh ENVO:00000413 Pingos may occur in cold-climate wetland areas, but are not necessarily wetlands themselves. pingo A natural formation where a rock arch forms, with a natural passageway through underneath. FTT:142 FTT:143 FTT:144 TGN:21445 Wikipedia:Natural_arch arches (natural formation) natural bridge ENVO sea arch ENVO:00000414 natural arch A beach or wave cut platform raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. EcoLexicon:raised_beach Wikipedia:Raised_beach ENVO terrace ENVO:00000415 raised beach Wikipedia:Coastal_dune ENVO ENVO:00000416 coastal dune A fertile low-lying raised beach found on the some of the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, in particular in the Outer Hebrides. ENVO ENVO:00000417 machair A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. Wikipedia:Ria ENVO drowned river valley drowned valley valley ENVO:00000418 ria A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. island EcoLexicon:stack ENVO ENVO:00000419 stack A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. EcoLexicon:tombolo SWEETRealm:Tombolo Wikipedia:Tombolo ENVO bar island ENVO:00000420 tombolo The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. SWEETRealm:WaveCutPlatform Wikipedia:Wave-cut_platform ENVO marine terrace ENVO:00000421 wave-cut platform A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement. Wikipedia:Limestone_pavement ENVO ENVO:00000422 limestone pavement An island that lies in a river. EcoLexicon:fluvial_island TGN:21428 ENVO ait eyot fluvial island ENVO:00000423 river island An island that lies in a lake. Wikipedia:Lake_island ENVO ENVO:00000424 lake island The surface that underlies an ocean. FTT:1020 Wikipedia:Ocean_floor ocean bed ENVO ocean floor feature ENVO:00000426 ocean floor A bend in a stream. A stream flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meanders as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. watercourse EcoLexicon:meander FTT:105 FTT:948 SWEETRealm:Meandering TGN:21153 Wikipedia:Meander stream ENVO oxbow loop ENVO:00000427 meander A biome is an environmental system to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. EcoLexicon:biome Wikipedia:Biome major habitat type ENVO EcosytemType ecosystem ENVO:00000428 This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. biome A thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. The arte is a thin ridge of rock that is left separating the two valleys. Artes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. FTT:154 ENVO ridge ENVO:00000429 arete A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. Wikipedia:Dirt_cone ENVO ENVO:00000430 dirt cone A cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins. Wikipedia:Drumlin_field ENVO drumlin swarm ENVO:00000431 drumlin field An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. Wikipedia:Monadnock ENVO inselberg kopje mount ENVO:00000432 monadnock A terrace associated with a kame. ENVO ENVO:00000433 kame terrace A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. Wikipedia:Outwash_fan ENVO ENVO:00000434 outwash fan A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. lake Wikipedia:Proglacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000435 proglacial lake A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. Wikipedia:Tunnel_valley ENVO rinnental tunnel-vale ENVO:00000436 tunnel valley A small tunnel valley. ENVO ENVO:00000437 Nye channel A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. Wikipedia:Alas ENVO ENVO:00000438 alas A small wooded valley, either U- or V-shaped. valley ENVO ENVO:00000439 dell A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. Wikipedia:Rock_shelter ENVO rockhouse ENVO:00000440 rock shelter A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill. SWEETRealm:Terracette Wikipedia:Terracette ENVO ENVO:00000441 terracette A very powerful whirlpool. Wikipedia:Maelstrom ENVO ENVO:00000442 maelstrom A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. EcoLexicon:flood_control_reservoir FTT:1175 FTT:217 FTT:709 TGN:51261 flood control basin ENVO retention basin storage basin ENVO:00000443 flood control reservoir A tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area. FTT:259 FTT:488 Geonames:L.CLG SWEETRealm:Burning TGN:21651 Wikipedia:Clearing CLEARING clearing forest clearing ENVO burn burnt over area clearing cut line fire break glade grassland logged area opening ENVO:00000444 clearing An aquaduct to transport water from one river basin to another one, to solve problems of hydrographic imbalance. It can decrease floods, moving the water to lands with droughts. Wikipedia:Transvasement ENVO ENVO:00000445 transvasement A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm. SPIRE:Terrestrial ENVO terrestrial realm ENVO:00000446 terrestrial biome An aquatic biome that comprises systems of open-ocean and unprotected coastal habitats, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. SPIRE:Marine ENVO marine realm ENVO:00000447 marine biome A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity. Wikipedia:Hydroelectric_reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000448 hydroelectric reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. ENVO ENVO:00000449 drinking water reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000450 irrigation reservoir A lake constructed, or modified, for the chief purpose of providing an amenity. ENVO ENVO:00000451 amenity lake A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. Wikipedia:Ribbon_lake ENVO ENVO:00000452 ribbon lake A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). Wikipedia:Liman ENVO ENVO:00000453 liman An intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. Wikipedia:Turlough ENVO ENVO:00000454 turlough A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. Wikipedia:Tarn corrie loch ENVO ENVO:00000455 tarn A glacier that flows into the sea. Wikipedia:Tidewater_glacier ENVO ENVO:00000456 tidewater glacier A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. ENVO ENVO:00000457 plateau glacier A glacier that forms in a mountain valley. EcoLexicon:glacier_valley Wikipedia:Valley_glacier ENVO ENVO:00000458 valley glacier A glacier fed by an ice sheet. Wikipedia:Outlet_glacier ENVO ENVO:00000459 outlet glacier A region of low topographic relief as a consequence of erosion by streams. ENVO ENVO:00000460 penplain A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. Wikipedia:Pseudocrater rootless vent ENVO ENVO:00000461 pseudocrater A volcanic field of scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous polygenetic volcanoes, are noted for having more than one eruptive event from the same vent(s), rather than the more common monogenetic volcanic field. Polygenetic volcanic fields generally occur where there is a high-level magma chamber. These volcanic fields may show lithological discontinuities due to major changes in magma chemistry, volcanotectonic events, or long erosional intervals, and may last >10 million year period. Wikipedia:Polygenetic_volcanic_field ENVO ENVO:00000462 polygenetic volcanic field A place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. SWEETRealm:Harbor Wikipedia:Harbor ENVO ENVO:00000463 harbor A harbor constructed by human agency. Wikipedia:Artificial_harbour artificial harbour ENVO ENVO:00000464 artificial harbor A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Wikipedia:Natural_harbor natural harbour ENVO ENVO:00000465 natural harbor An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. campus Wikipedia:University_campus ENVO ENVO:00000467 university campus A dam constructed for the purpose of generating electricity from the water stored behind it. Wikipedia:Hydroelectric_dam ENVO ENVO:00000468 hydroelectric dam A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. ENVO ENVO:00000469 research facility A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000470 irrigation dam A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. ENVO ENVO:00000471 flood control dam An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. wetland FTT:184 TGN:21302 Wikipedia:Backwater BACKWATER ENVO ENVO:00000472 backwater A quarry from which gravel is extracted. FTT:772 Wikipedia:Gravel_pit ENVO mine site ENVO:00000473 gravel pit An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. FTT:1182 Wikipedia:Cut CUT cutting ENVO ENVO:00000474 cut An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. EcoLexicon:inlet FTT:233 FTT:463 Geonames:H.GULF Geonames:H.INLT SWEETRealm:Inlet TGN:21128 Wikipedia:Inlet INLET Inlet inlet ENVO anse arm bay bight channel closed bay firth gulf ria ENVO:00000475 inlet An opening of a lake into its shore. ENVO ENVO:00000476 lake inlet A mountain or a hill. EcoLexicon:dome FTT:118 FTT:460 SWEETRealm:Dome TGN:21439 Wikipedia:Mount MOUNT ENVO cerrito cerro dome hill hillock hummock inselberg knob knoll koppje monadnock mountain rise ENVO:00000477 mount FTT:996 ENVO range (physiographic) ENVO:00000478 range of mounts The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. EcoLexicon:outlet SWEETRealm:Mouth Wikipedia:Mouth MOUTH ENVO outlet ENVO:00000479 mouth The summit of a mount. EcoLexicon:summit FTT:757 FTT:79 FTT:80 FTT:994 FTT:998 FTT:999 Geonames:T.PK Geonames:T.PKS SWEETRealm:Peak TGN:21490 Wikipedia:Peak PEAK peak peaks ENVO ahu ice peak mountain crest mountain summit nunatak summit ENVO:00000480 peak A tall, slender, spire-shaped rock projecting from a level or more gently sloping surface. natural rock formation EcoLexicon:crag FTT:1008 FTT:145 Wikipedia:Pinnacle PINNACLE pinnacle (natural formation) ENVO chapeirao coral head crag pillar scar ENVO:00000481 pinnacle The ground surface that lies beneath a sea. EcoLexicon:sea_floor Wikipedia:Sea_floor SeaFloor sea bed sea bottom ENVO ENVO:00000482 sea floor A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect. Wikipedia:Plunge_pool PLUNGE POOL ENVO ENVO:00000483 plunge pool Any enclosed water area in pack ice other than a lead, not large enough to be called open water. When frozen over, a polyna becomes an ice skylight from the point of view of the submariner. EcoLexicon:polynya SWEETRealm:Polynya Wikipedia:Polynya POLYNA Polynya polynia ENVO big clearing clearing glade ice clearing regional clearing ENVO:00000484 Could be a subclass of a class that describes holes in solid material covering water or other liquids. Perhaps a class like "clearing". Logical def can include surrounded_by "ice mass". polynya That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. EcoLexicon:seashore FTT:504 ENVO shore ENVO:00000485 sea shore The line of contact between a body of water and the land. EcoLexicon:shoreline FTT:240 FTT:503 TGN:21481 Wikipedia:Shoreline Shoreline coastal shoreline coastal zone coastline ENVO SHOR ENVO:00000486 shoreline One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. lake Wikipedia:Paternoster_lake ENVO ENVO:00000487 paternoster lake A lake associated with a glacier. Wikipedia:Glacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000488 glacial lake A low oval elevation in areas with permafrost, frequently peat bogs, where a perennial ice lens has developed within the soil. A palsa consists, similarly to a pingo, of an ice core and overlying soil materials, in case of a palsa usually boggy soil. Palsas are characteristically found in areas with discontinuous permafrost and in such areas bay be the only reliable surface evidence of permafrost. A palsa needs large quantities of water for the formation of its ice core (i.e. ice lens), which is why they frequently emerge from and are bound by boggy soils, which can store enormous quantities of water in their pores. Palsas develop particularly in moorlands and are therefore also named palsamoors. Wikipedia:Palsa palsa bog ENVO wetland ENVO:00000489 palsa A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land. Wikipedia:Consequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000490 consequent stream A stream whose course has been determined by selective headward erosion along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock belts. Wikipedia:Subsequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000491 subsequent stream A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. Wikipedia:Resequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000492 resequent stream A stream flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage. watercourse Wikipedia:Obsequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000493 obsequent stream A stream that has an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock. Wikipedia:Insequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000494 insequent stream A stream or river which flows into another river (a parent river) or body of water but which may not flow directly into the sea. stream watercourse EcoLexicon:affluent FTT:105 FTT:1261 SWEETRealm:Tributary TGN:21157 Wikipedia:Tributary affluent ENVO affluent stream confluent stream river tributary ENVO:00000495 tributary A narrow and shallow incision into soil resulting from erosion by overland flow that has been focused into a thin thread by soil surface roughness. Rilling, the process of rill formation, is common on agricultural land and unvegetated ground. EcoLexicon:rill Wikipedia:Rill ENVO ENVO:00000496 rill An incised meander on a river. Wikipedia:Rincon ENVO inlet ENVO:00000497 rincon An intrusive igneous body. Its thickness is usually much smaller than its other two dimensions. Thickness can vary from sub-centimeter scale to many meters in thickness and the lateral dimensions can extend over many kilometers. A dike is an intrusion into a cross-cutting fissure, meaning a dike cuts across other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock, this means that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it. Dikes are usually high angle to near vertical in orientation, but subsequent tectonic deformation may rotate the sequence of strata through which the dike lies so that the latter becomes horizontal. ridge FTT:654 dyke (geologic) volcanic dyke ENVO ENVO:00000498 volcanic dike A linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rift along the mid-oceanic ridge and the Cayman Trough. EcoLexicon:trench FTT:1022 FTT:611 Geonames:U.DEPU SWEETRealm:Trench SWEETRealm:Trough TGN:21512 trench trough (seafloor) ENVO deep foredeep swale ENVO:00000499 trough An obstruction in a stream constructed by a beaver. dam FTT:243 Wikipedia:Beaver_dam ENVO ENVO:00000500 beaver dam The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. BOTTOM EcoLexicon:bed FTT:804 SWEETRealm:Bottom Wikipedia:Stream_bed ENVO ENVO:00000501 bed A saline lake that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. lake FTT:221 FTT:880 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSNI intermittent salt lake intermittent salt lakes ENVO ENVO:00000502 intermittent saline lake An oxbow lake that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. lake FTT:221 FTT:876 Geonames:H.LKOI intermittent oxbow lake ENVO ENVO:00000503 intermittent oxbow lake A pond that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. lake FTT:221 FTT:877 FTT:878 Geonames:H.PNDI Geonames:H.PNDSI Geonames:H.POOLI intermittent pond intermittent ponds intermittent pool intermittent pool ENVO intermittent pool ENVO:00000504 intermittent pond A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer. FTT:129 FTT:410 Geonames:H.CNLSB underground irrigation canal ENVO ENVO:00000505 underground irrigation canal A reservoir that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. lake reservoir FTT:221 FTT:588 FTT:879 Geonames:H.RSVI intermittent reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000506 intermittent reservoir The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. FTT:157 FTT:162 Geonames:H.WADM wadi mouth ENVO ENVO:00000507 wadi mouth A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. EcoLexicon:terrace FTT:247 FTT:248 Geonames:T.BNCH Geonames:T.TRR TGN:21498 TGN:21513 Wikipedia:Terrace TERRACE bench ledge rock terrace terrace ENVO bench bench (natural) ENVO:00000508 terrace EcoLexicon:bench FTT:249 Geonames:BNCU Wikipedia:Marine_terrace bench bench (seafloor) ENVO marine bench ENVO:00000509 marine terrace physiographic feature FTT:947 FTT:96 Geonames:T.NKM meander neck ENVO ENVO:00000510 meander neck A peatland whose development is mostly independent of basins or topographical features where water collects; it simply covers the landscape like a blanket. Peat develops due to a continuous supply of water from rainfall, maintaining waterlogged conditions on the ground. Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2. wetland SWEETRealm:BlanketBog Wikipedia:Blanket_bog ENVO ENVO:00000511 blanket bog The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. pond bottom ENVO ENVO:00000512 pond bed The ground surface that lies beneath a reservoir. reservoir bottom ENVO ENVO:00000513 reservoir bed A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action. FTT:219 Geonames:T.CRTR SWEETRealm:Crater TGN:21408 Wikipedia:Crater CRATER carter caldera ENVO ENVO:00000514 crater A cut to provide passage for a road. Geonames:R.RDCUT road cut ENVO ENVO:00000515 road cut A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. FTT:783 Geonames:T.HMCK SWEETRealm:Hummock Wikipedia:Hammock hummock ENVO ENVO:00000516 hammock A surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area. lost river lost watercourse stream FTT:105 FTT:931 Geonames:H.STMSB TGN:21112 lost river ENVO ENVO:00000517 lost stream The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. FTT:129 FTT:399 Geonames:H.DTCHM ditch mouth ENVO canal ENVO:00000518 ditch mouth Wikipedia:Agricultural_terrace ENVO ENVO:00000519 agricultural terrace A mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:landslide FTT:1076 FTT:914 FTT:96 Geonames:T.SLID SWEETRealm:Landslide TGN:21507 Wikipedia:Landslide ENVO landslip slide slide (natural) ENVO:00000520 landslide An irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:rockfall FTT:1072 FTT:96 Geonames:T.RKFL TGN:21504 Wikipedia:Rockfall rockfall ENVO ENVO:00000521 rockfall A tunnel through which a canal passes. tunnel FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:H.TNLC Wikipedia:Canal_tunnel canal tunnel ENVO ENVO:00000522 canal tunnel A channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck. FTT:462 Geomames:CUTF TGN:21134 Wikipedia:Cutoff cut off cutoff (hydrographic) cuttoff ENVO ENVO:00000523 cutoff A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. Geonames:H.STMQ TGN:21113 abandoned watercourse ENVO ENVO:00000524 abandoned watercourse A stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened. canal FTT:129 FTT:398 Geonames:H.STMC canalised stream canalized stream ENVO ENVO:00000525 canalized stream A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. Geonames:T.CFT Wikipedia:Cleft ENVO cleft ENVO:00000526 cleft A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. plain FTT:707 FTT:874 Geonames:T.INTF TGN:21450 interfluve ENVO ENVO:00000527 interfluve A linear elevation on an icecap. ridge FTT:155 FTT:844 Geonames:H.RDGG icecap reach ENVO ENVO:00000528 ice cap ridge A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. FTT:236 Geonames:T.RDGB Wikipedia:Beach_ridge beach ridge ENVO ENVO:00000529 beach ridge A gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts. EcoLexicon:apron FTT:122 Geonames:U.APNU TGN:23187 Wikipedia:Apron apron ENVO apron (geological) archipelago apron undersea apron ENVO:00000530 apron A depression which is part of an ice cap. FTT:839 Geonames:H.DPRG TGN:21145 icecap depression ENVO icecap depression ENVO:00000531 ice cap depression lake FTT:881 Geonames:H.PNDNI intermittent salt pond ENVO ENVO:00000532 intermittent saline evaporation pond A site at which refuse is dumped, normally filling a natural or artificial depression. FTT:621 FTT:624 Wikipedia:Landfill ENVO disposal site ENVO:00000533 landfill FTT:1071 Wikipedia:Pothole ENVO ENVO:00000534 pothole A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. FTT:603 Geonames:S.WEIR TGN:51265 Wikipedia:Weir weir ENVO ENVO:00000535 weir An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations. Geonames:U.MOTU moatan ENVO ENVO:00000536 moatan A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks. FTT:289 Geonames:T.BLDR TGN:21501 boulder field ENVO ENVO:00000537 boulder field An undersea area of subdued corrugations off Baja California. FTT:167 Geonames:U.ARRU arrugado ENVO ENVO:00000538 Add partially surrounded by marine water or similar arrugado The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. EcoLexicon:sill FTT:740 Geonames:H.SILL SWEETRealm:Sill TGN:21367 Wikipedia:Sill ENVO gap sill sill (physiographic) ENVO:00000539 sill ENVO ENVO:00000540 brackish lake ENVO ENVO:00000541 brackish pond An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. mount ridge EcoLexicon:kame Wikipedia:Kame ENVO ENVO:00000542 kame A low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy. The term can refer to a natural landscape feature or a human-created one. When created by humans, this open drain system is designed to manage water runoff. EcoLexicon:swale ENVO trough ENVO:00000543 swale A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. Wikipedia:Leat lete ENVO ENVO:00000544 leat A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. Wikipedia:Shingle_beach pebble beach ENVO ENVO:00000545 shingle beach ENVO SedimentLayer ENVO:00000546 lake sediment A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. FTT:828 Geonames:H.WTRH TGN:21184 Wikipedia:Waterhole water hole ENVO water hole waterhole ENVO:00000547 waterhole Geonames:L.GVL TGN:21502 ENVO gravel field area ENVO:00000548 gravel field A water body that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. TGN:21198 intermittent body of water ENVO ENVO:00000549 intermittent water body Geonames:U.CDAU TGN:23131 TGN:23145 TGN:23344 ENVO cordillera seamount chain seamount group seamount range undersea cordillera undersea mountain chain undersea range ENVO:00000550 range of seamounts A drainage basin from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. EcoLexicon:endorheic_basin Wikipedia:Endorheic_basin ENVO closed basin terminal basin ENVO:00000551 endorheic basin An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost. Wikipedia:Talik Talik ENVO ENVO:00000552 talik A dam constructed for more than one purpose. ENVO ENVO:00000553 multipurpose dam An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. ENVO ENVO:00000554 saddle dam A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. SWEETRealm:CheckDam ENVO ENVO:00000555 check dam A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment. Wikipedia:Wing_dam ENVO ENVO:00000556 wing dam A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream. Wikipedia:Dry_dam ENVO ENVO:00000557 dry dam A dam designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. Wikipedia:Diversionary_dam ENVO ENVO:00000558 diversionary dam A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. ENVO ENVO:00000559 weapons test site A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. ENVO ENVO:00000560 nuclear weapons test site A region in which military personnel train. ENVO ENVO:00000561 military training area A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. Wikipedia:Park ENVO ENVO:00000562 park A raised walkway over water, supported by piles or pillars. EcoLexicon:pier Wikipedia:Pier ENVO ENVO:00000563 pier A place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which is, has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. Wikipedia:Archeological_site ENVO ENVO:00000564 archeological site A building or region where sports activities can be carried out. ENVO ENVO:00000565 sports facility A sports facility constructed for skiing and allied sports that require snow and/or ice. ENVO ENVO:00000566 winter sports facility A deep valley with steep sides, typically of limestone, in part submerged by the sea. Wikipedia:Calanque ENVO ENVO:00000567 calanque A habitat in or on trees. ENVO ENVO:00000571 arboreal habitat 1 A habitat that is below the surface of the earth. subterranean habitat underground habitat ENVO hypogeal habitat ENVO:00000572 subterrestrial habitat 1 Incorporated populated place. EcoLexicon:city FTT:430 FTT:483 FTT:484 FTT:485 SWEETRealm:City TGN:83020 TGN:83040 TGN:83043 Wikipedia:City ENVO municipality town urban area village ENVO:00000856 city A biome that applies to the freshwater realm. SPIRE:Freshwater ENVO freshwater realm ENVO:00000873 freshwater biome ENVO ENVO:00000887 "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large rivers" (e.g. the Mekong river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. Large river biome ENVO ENVO:00000888 "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river headwaters" (e.g. the Upper Amazon headwaters) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-headwater-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. Large river headwater biome ENVO ENVO:00000889 "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river deltas" (e.g. the Niger river delta) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-delta-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. Large river delta biome ENVO ENVO:00000890 "Small" is ambiguous. For details on "Small rivers" (e.g. the Salween river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-river-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. Small river biome ENVO ENVO:00000891 "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large lakes" (e.g. African rift lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-lake-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. Large lake biome ENVO ENVO:00000892 "Small" is ambiguous. For details on "Small lakes" (e.g. Cameroon crater lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-lake-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. Small lake biome ENVO ENVO:00000893 Xeric basin biome A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 Wikipedia:Rock ENVO ENVO:00001995 From Wikipedia: [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. rock The outflow of water from a mine. ENVO ENVO:00001996 mine drainage A mine drainage with an acidic pH. Wikipedia:Acid_mine_drainage ENVO acid rock drainage ENVO:00001997 acid mine drainage Any material within 2 m from the Earth's surface that is in contact with the atmosphere, with the exclusion of living organisms, areas with continuous ice not covered by other material, and water bodies deeper than 2 m. SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil Wikipedia:Soil ENVO ENVO:00001998 soil ENVO ENVO:00001999 marine water body The part of an elevation or depression between the relatively flat surrounding area and the peak of a mount or the bottom of a depression. EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope Wikipedia:Slope ENVO flank side ENVO:00002000 slope Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. EcoLexicon:waste_water SWEETRealm:Wastewater Wikipedia:Waste_water ENVO ENVO:00002001 waste water A substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal or human being for nutrition or pleasure. Wikipedia:Food ENVO ENVO:00002002 food product Feces is an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. EcoLexicon:drop SPIRE:Dung SWEETRealm:Drop Wikipedia:Feces dung faeces ENVO droppings frass pellet ENVO:00002003 feces An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff. ENVO ENVO:00002004 discrete solid movable (transportable). mesoscopic physical object The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. EcoLexicon:air SWEETRealm:Air Wikipedia:Air ENVO ENVO:00002005 air The liquid form of dihydrogen monoxide. EcoLexicon:water Wikipedia:Water ENVO ENVO:00002006 water Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid. EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation SWEETRealm:Sediment Wikipedia:Sediment ENVO ENVO:00002007 sediment Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere. EcoLexicon:dust SWEETRealm:Dust Wikipedia:Dust ENVO ENVO:00002008 dust A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002009 terrestrial habitat 1 EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater Wikipedia:Saline_water salt water ENVO seawater ENVO:00002010 saline water EcoLexicon:fresh_water SWEETRealm:FreshWater Wikipedia:Fresh_water freshwater ENVO ENVO:00002011 fresh water ENVO ENVO:00002012 hypersaline water Rock formed from molten magma. EcoLexicon:igneous_rock SWEETRealm:IgneousRock Wikipedia:Igneous_rock ENVO ENVO:00002013 igneous rock An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. SWEETRealm:IntrusiveRock Wikipedia:Plutonic_rock ENVO intrusive rock ENVO:00002014 plutonic rock An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. EcoLexicon:volcanic_rock SWEETRealm:VolcanicRock Wikipedia:Volcanic_rock ENVO ENVO:00002015 volcanic rock A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock Wikipedia:Sedimentary_rock ENVO ENVO:00002016 sedimentary rock A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). EcoLexicon:metamorphic_rock SWEETRealm:MetamorphicRock Wikipedia:Metamorphic_rock ENVO ENVO:00002017 metamorphic rock Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, SWEETRealm:Sewage Wikipedia:Sewage ENVO ENVO:00002018 sewage EcoLexicon:brackish_water SPIRE:Brackish_water SWEETRealm:BrackishWater Wikipedia:Brackish_water ENVO ENVO:00002019 brackish water ENVO ENVO:00002030 aquatic biome A habitat that is in or on a living thing. ENVO ENVO:00002032 organism-associated habitat 1 The dead body of an animal. Wikipedia:Carcass ENVO corpse ENVO:00002033 carcass A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. EcoLexicon:biofilm Wikipedia:Biofilm ENVO ENVO:00002034 biofilm A natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with the Earth's surface without being destroyed. SWEETRealm:Meteorite Wikipedia:Meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002035 meteorite A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. EcoLexicon:habitat SWEETRealm:Habitat Wikipedia:Habitat ENVO biotope ENVO:00002036 This class is under development and its definition will be revised and its subclasses may be made obsolete. A habitat's specificity to a species or population will differentiate it from other environment classes. habitat EcoLexicon:wood SWEETRealm:Wood Wikipedia:Wood ENVO ENVO:00002040 wood EcoLexicon:groundwater SWEETRealm:Groundwater Wikipedia:Ground_water ENVO ENVO:00002041 ground water EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater Wikipedia:Surface_water ENVO ENVO:00002042 surface water EcoLexicon:wastewater_treatment_plant Wikipedia:Wastewater_treatment_plant ENVO ENVO:00002043 wastewater treatment plant The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. EcoLexicon:sludge Wikipedia:Sludge ENVO ENVO:00002044 sludge Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. anoxic sediment ENVO ENVO:00002045 anaerobic sediment EcoLexicon:active_sludge Wikipedia:Activated_sludge ENVO ENVO:00002046 activated sludge Urine is a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. Wikipedia:Urine ENVO ENVO:00002047 urine A stony meteorite that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. SWEETRealm:Chondrite Wikipedia:Chondrite ENVO ENVO:00002048 chondrite Wikipedia:Stony_meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002049 stony meteorite A stony meteorite that is made of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks. Wikipedia:Achondrite ENVO ENVO:00002050 achondrite A meteorite that consists of a mixture of iron-nickel metal and silicate minerals. ENVO ENVO:00002051 stony-iron meteorite A meteorite that overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. Wikipedia:Iron_meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002052 iron meteorite A sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite. EcoLexicon:limestone Wikipedia:Limestone ENVO ENVO:00002053 limestone A soft, white, porous limestone. Wikipedia:Chalk ENVO ENVO:00002054 chalk A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. EcoLexicon:sandstone Wikipedia:Sandstone ENVO ENVO:00002055 sandstone A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. Wikipedia:Shale ENVO ENVO:00002056 shale ENVO ENVO:00002057 raw primary sludge ENVO ENVO:00002058 secondary sludge A treated form of sludge, sometimes used as a fertilizer in agriculture. Wikipedia:Biosolids ENVO ENVO:00002059 biosolids A solid or gel in motor oil caused by the oil gelling or solidifying, usually at temperatures lower than 100deg C. Wikipedia:Oil_sludge ENVO ENVO:00002060 oil sludge The result of the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. SWEETRealm:OilSpill Wikipedia:Oil_spill ENVO ENVO:00002061 oil spill The result of the release of natural hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth, including beneath the sea, by natural geological processes. Wikipedia:Oil_seep ENVO methane seep petroleam seep ENVO:00002063 oil seep ENVO ENVO:00002112 gold mine drainage Marine sediment is a sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays. EcoLexicon:marine_sediment EcoLexicon:marine_sedimentation SWEETRealm:MarineSediment Wikipedia:Marine_sediment pelagic sediment {alternative name} ENVO ENVO:00002113 marine sediment ENVO ENVO:00002114 contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002115 petroleum contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002116 contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002117 creosote contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002118 sea sand A hot spring whose water has an alkaline pH. ENVO ENVO:00002119 alkaline hot spring A hot spring whose water has an acidic pH. acidic hot spring ENVO ENVO:00002120 acid hot spring ENVO soda lake ENVO:00002121 alkaline salt lake ENVO ENVO:00002122 arsenic-rich mud EcoLexicon:bioreactor Wikipedia:Bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002123 bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002124 anaerobic bioreactor A device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. ENVO ENVO:00002125 anaerobic dechlorinating bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002126 aerobic bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002127 stream sediment ENVO ENVO:00002128 mesophilic sulfur spring ENVO ENVO:00002129 anaerobic sludge The dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. EcoLexicon:hypolimnion Wikipedia:Hypolimnion ENVO ENVO:00002130 hypolimnion The top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake, occurring above the deeper hypolimnion. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. EcoLexicon:epilimnion_ Wikipedia:Epilimnion ENVO ENVO:00002131 epilimnion The layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. Wikipedia:Metalimnion ENVO thermocline ENVO:00002132 Especially used in connection with lakes. metalimnion anoxic mud ENVO ENVO:00002133 anaerobic mud ENVO ENVO:00002134 anaerobic stream sediment Wikipedia:Treated_wood ENVO ENVO:00002135 treated wood ENVO ENVO:00002136 arsenate treated wood ENVO ENVO:00002137 brackish estuary ENVO ENVO:00002138 beach sand A clastic rock with a particle size of 4 to 64 millimeters based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology. EcoLexicon:pebble SWEETRealm:Pebble Wikipedia:Pebble ENVO ENVO:00002139 pebble A rock or rock fragment with a particle size between 64 and 256 mm. EcoLexicon:cobble SWEETRealm:Cobble Wikipedia:Cobble ENVO ENVO:00002140 cobble The liquid produced when water percolates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both. Wikipedia:Leachate ENVO ENVO:00002141 leachate ENVO ENVO:00002142 borax leachate ENVO ENVO:00002143 calcite hot spring ENVO ENVO:00002144 cave wall ENVO ENVO:00002145 chromate contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002146 xylene contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002147 coal mine lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00002148 coarse beach sand EcoLexicon:sea_water SWEETRealm:SeaWater Wikipedia:Sea_water ocean water ENVO ENVO:00002149 sea water ENVO coastal water ENVO:00002150 coastal water Wikipedia:Biofilter ENVO ENVO:00002152 biofilter ENVO ENVO:00002153 compost biofilter ENVO ENVO:00002154 radioactive sediment ENVO ENVO:00002155 high-level radioactive sediment A highly contaminated site designated by the United States of America's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Wikipedia:Superfund_Site ENVO ENVO:00002156 Superfund site ENVO ENVO:00002157 stromatolite mat ENVO ENVO:00002158 ditch water ENVO ENVO:00002159 drilling bore water ENVO ENVO:00002160 estuarine mud ENVO ENVO:00002161 fermented agave juice ENVO ENVO:00002162 fermenting sugar cane juice ENVO ENVO:00002163 fermenting Elaeis Palm sap The mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms. SWEETRealm:Fossil Wikipedia:Fossil ENVO ENVO:00002164 fossil A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. Wikipedia:Meat ENVO ENVO:00002165 meat food product A food made from ground meat. Typically the sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes synthetic Wikipedia:Sausage ENVO ENVO:00002166 sausage ENVO ENVO:00002167 platinum mine Wikipedia:Gold_mine ENVO ENVO:00002168 gold mine Wikipedia:Coal_mine ENVO ENVO:00002169 coal mine The aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. Wikipedia:Compost ENVO ENVO:00002170 compost ENVO ENVO:00002171 hay compost ENVO ENVO:00002172 liver paste Wikipedia:Hospital ENVO ENVO:00002173 hospital A moist sausage of soft, even texture and flavor, often made from advanced meat recovery or meat slurry. Most types are fully cooked, cured or smoked. It is often placed hot in a special purpose soft, sliced hot dog bun. Wikipedia:Hot_dog ENVO ENVO:00002174 hot dog ENVO prepared meat product ENVO:00002175 processed meat product ENVO ENVO:00002176 contaminated sludge ENVO ENVO:00002177 1,4-dioxane contaminated sludge ENVO ENVO:00002179 intertidal sediment ENVO ENVO:00002180 naphthalene contaminated sediment A hot spring whose water has a neutral pH. ENVO ENVO:00002181 neutral hot spring ENVO ENVO:00002182 nitrobenzene contaminated sediment Wikipedia:Oil_tank ENVO ENVO:00002183 oil tank ENVO ENVO:00002184 underground physiographic feature Wikipedia:Oil_reservoir ENVO ENVO:00002185 oil reservoir EcoLexicon:water_pollution Wikipedia:Contaminated_water polluted water ENVO ENVO:00002186 contaminated water Wikipedia:Milk_formula ENVO ENVO:00002187 milk formula ENVO ENVO:00002188 powdered milk formula Wikipedia:Cheese ENVO ENVO:00002189 cheese product A dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. Wikipedia:Yogurt yoghourt yoghurt yougert ENVO ENVO:00002190 yogurt Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. ENVO ENVO:00002191 animal litter Wikipedia:Poultry_litter ENVO ENVO:00002192 poultry litter ENVO ENVO:00002193 pulp-bleaching waste water ENVO ENVO:00002194 oil field production water ENVO ENVO:00002195 pyritic acid mine drainage Wikipedia:Aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002196 aquarium ENVO salt water aquarium ENVO:00002197 saline water aquarium Wikipedia:Fresh_water_aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002198 fresh water aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002199 sandy beach SWEETRealm:SeaIce Wikipedia:Sea_ice ENVO ENVO:00002200 sea ice ENVO ENVO:00002201 cis-dichloroethane contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002202 organically contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002203 inorganically contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002204 anthropogenic contamination feature ENVO ENVO:00002205 unexploded-ordnance dump ENVO coal refuse ENVO:00002206 coal mine waste ENVO ENVO:00002207 self-heating coal mine waste ENVO soda lake sediment ENVO:00002209 saline lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00002210 sulfide-oxidizing bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002211 thermophilic anaerobic methanogenic reactor ENVO ENVO:00002212 thermophilic granular sludge ENVO ENVO:00002213 anaerobic sludge blanket reactor SWEETRealm:PowerPlant Wikipedia:Power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002214 power plant SWEETRealm:GeothermalPowerPlant Wikipedia:Geothermal_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002215 geothermal power plant Wikipedia:Vegetable ENVO ENVO:00002216 plant food product Wikipedia:Cabbage ENVO ENVO:00002217 cabbage product ENVO ENVO:00002218 commercial yogurt ENVO ENVO:00002219 cheese starter culture Wikipedia:Shop ENVO ENVO:00002221 shop ENVO ENVO:00002222 food shop Water with a very low nutrient level. ENVO ENVO:00002223 oligotrophic water Water with a high nutrient level. ENVO ENVO:00002224 eutrophic water Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic. ENVO ENVO:00002225 mesotrophic water SWEETRealm:Borehole Wikipedia:Borehole ENVO ENVO:00002226 borehole ENVO ENVO:00002228 pond water Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. Wikipedia:Arenosol psamment sandy soil ENVO ENVO:00002229 arenosol Anthrosols comprise soils that have been modified profoundly through human activities, such as addition of organic materials or household wastes, irrigation and cultivation. ENVO ENVO:00002230 anthrosol Alisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have a low base saturation at certain depths and high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon. They lack the albeluvic tonguing as in Albeluvisols. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and warm temperate regions. ENVO ENVO:00002231 alisol Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. ENVO ENVO:00002232 andosol Albeluvisols are soils that have, beginning within 1 m of the soil surface, a clay illuviation horizon with an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting in tonguing of bleached soil material into the illuviation horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002233 albeluvisol Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. Wikipedia:Acrisol ENVO ENVO:00002234 acrisol Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. ENVO ENVO:00002235 cambisol Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. Wikipedia:Cryosol ENVO gelisol ENVO:00002236 cryosol Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. Wikipedia:Chernozem ENVO black earth boroll ENVO:00002237 chernozem Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface. Wikipedia:Durisol ENVO ENVO:00002238 durisol Calcisols are soils in which there is substantial secondary accumulation of lime. Calcisols are common in highly calcareous parent materials and widespread in arid and semi-arid environments. ENVO ENVO:00002239 calcisol Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. ENVO ENVO:00002240 kastanozem Leptosols are very shallow soils over continuous rock and soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Leptosols are azonal soils and particularly common in mountainous regions. gravelly soil stony soil ENVO ENVO:00002241 leptosol Lixisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Lixisols have a high base saturation and low-activity clays at certain depths. Wikipedia:Lixisol ENVO ENVO:00002242 lixisol Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. Wikipedia:Histosol ENVO ENVO:00002243 histosol Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. Wikipedia:Gleysol ENVO gley soil ENVO:00002244 gleysol Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. Wikipedia:Gypsisol ENVO ENVO:00002245 gypsisol Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. Wikipedia:Ferralsol ENVO oxisol ENVO:00002246 ferralsol Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. ENVO ENVO:00002247 nitisol Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. ENVO ENVO:00002248 luvisol Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. ENVO ENVO:00002249 phaeozem Plinthosols are soils with plinthite, petroplinthite or pisoliths. Plinthite is an Fe-rich (in some cases also Mn-rich), humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay (and other products of strong weathering such as gibbsite) with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a layer with hard nodules, a hardpan or irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Petroplinthite is a continuous, fractured or broken sheet of connected, strongly cemented to indurated nodules or mottles. Pisoliths are discrete strongly cemented to indurated nodules. Both petroplinthite and pisoliths develop from plinthite by hardening. ENVO ENVO:00002250 plinthosol Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002251 planosol Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. Wikipedia:Solonchak ENVO ENVO:00002252 solonchak Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. Wikipedia:Umbrisol ENVO ENVO:00002253 umbrisol A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. Wikipedia:Vertisol ENVO ENVO:00002254 vertisol Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). Wikipedia:Solonetz ENVO ENVO:00002255 solonetz Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. Wikipedia:Regosol ENVO ENVO:00002256 regosol Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. Wikipedia:Podzol podsol ENVO podosolic soil ENVO:00002257 podzol A soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). EcoLexicon:loam SWEETRealm:Loam Wikipedia:Loam ENVO ENVO:00002258 loam ENVO ENVO:00002259 agricultural soil ENVO ENVO:00002260 dune soil ENVO ENVO:00002261 forest soil ENVO ENVO:00002262 clay soil ENVO ENVO:00002263 garden soil EcoLexicon:waste SWEETRealm:Waste Wikipedia:Waste ENVO ENVO:00002264 waste Wastewater produced in the course of agricultural activities Wikipedia:Agricultural_waste ENVO ENVO:00002265 agricultural waste ENVO chicken yard waste ENVO:00002266 chicken breeding waste Wikipedia:Industrial_waste ENVO ENVO:00002267 industrial waste A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum. ENVO ENVO:00002268 sphagnum bog A layer within a fluid where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. EcoLexicon:thermocline SWEETRealm:Thermocline Wikipedia:Thermocline ENVO ENVO:00002269 thermocline A layer within a fluid where the chemical composition changes rapidly with depth. Wikipedia:Chemocline ENVO ENVO:00002270 chemocline Wikipedia:Nuclear_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002271 nuclear power plant WWTP ENVO ENVO:00002272 waste treatment plant Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. Wikipedia:Fluvisols ENVO ENVO:00002273 fluvisol Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. ENVO ENVO:00002274 stagnosol Technosols are soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), or are sealed by technic hard rock (material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes and constructed soils in human-made materials. ENVO ENVO:00002275 technosol SWEETRealm:AnimalWaste Wikipedia:Animal_waste ENVO ENVO:00002276 animal waste A depression in the sea floor that results from the collision of continental plates; the weight of the sinking plate causes the overlying plate to stretch and thin, causing a basin in the overlying plate. Sometimes, the Earth's crust in these basins stretches so much it cracks, allowing magma through from the mantle beneath. Hence, basins often contain active volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. basin EcoLexicon:basin SWEETRealm:BackArcBasin SWEETRealm:Basin Wikipedia:Back-arc_basin backarc basin ENVO ENVO:00002277 back-arc basin A material entity which determines an environmental system. ENVO ENVO:00002297 A material entity determines an environmental system when its removal would cause the collapse of that system. For example, a seamount determines a seamount environment, acting as its 'hub'. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental feature A structural basin that is below sea level. EcoLexicon:ocean_basin Wikipedia:Ocean_basin ENVO ENVO:00002450 ocean basin Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. Wikipedia:Hay ENVO ENVO:00002869 hay A natural building material mode from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure). ENVO ENVO:00002870 adobe Wikipedia:Alluvial_soil ENVO ENVO:00002871 alluvial soil The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. Wikipedia:Bagasse sugarcane bagasse ENVO ENVO:00002872 bagasse Wikipedia:Organic_waste ENVO ENVO:00002873 organic waste ENVO ENVO:00002874 air conditioning unit ENVO ENVO:00002875 oil contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002926 warm seep A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay Wikipedia:Clay ENVO ENVO:00002982 clay Wikipedia:Fuel_oil ENVO ENVO:00002983 fuel oil a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Wikipedia:Petroleum ENVO crude oil ENVO:00002984 petroleum A viscous liquid state at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic and lipophilic. EcoLexicon:oil Wikipedia:Oil ENVO ENVO:00002985 oil A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. Wikipedia:Silage ENVO ENVO:00003030 silage ENVO ENVO:00003031 animal manure ENVO ENVO:00003032 fresh animal manure Wikipedia:Mushroom_compost ENVO ENVO:00003033 mushroom compost The liquid extracted from the mashing process during the brewing of beer or whiskey. Wort contains the sugars that will be fermented by the brewing yeast to produce alcohol. ENVO ENVO:00003037 wort ENVO ENVO:00003038 beer wort ENVO ENVO:00003039 acifified beer wort Wikipedia:Animal_house ENVO ENVO:00003040 animal house ENVO ENVO:00003041 cow shed Wikipedia:Piggery ENVO ENVO:00003042 piggery Wikipedia:Sewage_plant ENVO ENVO:00003043 sewage plant Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). It is used (now less popular than historically) to preserve vegetables, fish, and meat. EcoLexicon:brine SWEETRealm:Brine Wikipedia:Brine ENVO ENVO:00003044 brine ENVO ENVO:00003045 bacon curing brine A short cylinder of soft to semisoft blue cheese made with cow's milk. Bresse Blue ENVO ENVO:00003046 Bleu de Bresse A food made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. Wikipedia:Butter ENVO ENVO:00003047 butter ENVO ENVO:00003048 pickled cabbage Wikipedia:Camembert ENVO ENVO:00003049 Camembert Wikipedia:Cane_sugar ENVO ENVO:00003050 cane sugar Wikipedia:Cheddar ENVO ENVO:00003051 Cheddar cheese A large disc of smooth, soft, even runny cheese made with cow's milk. Wikipedia:Brie ENVO ENVO:00003052 Brie A hard cow's milk cheese with an almost orange yellow paste. Older cheeses are coated in black wax. Wikipedia:Gouda ENVO ENVO:00003053 Gouda A soft to semihard cheese made with sheep or goat's milk. It has a white paste and is made with raw, whole milk. The curds are heated to boiling point in whey and then drained and kept in salted whey. Wikipedia:Halloumi ENVO ENVO:00003054 halloumi A drum of very rich, creamy, pungent blue-veined cow's milk cheese. It has a white paste with blue veining and a brined rind. It is made in Gorgonzola, near Milan. Wikipedia:Gorgonzola ENVO ENVO:00003055 Gorgonzola A generic cheese common to many countries for several related varieties of cheese which resemble the Swiss Emmental. Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus (L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), and Propionibacter (P. freudenreichii or P. shermani). In a late stage of cheese production, the Propionibacter consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria, and releases carbon dioxide gas, which slowly forms the bubbles that develop the eyes. Swiss cheese without eyes is known as "blind." Wikipedia:Swiss ENVO ENVO:00003056 Swiss cheese A mild, large, yellow, waxy cow's milk cheese with many holes. ENVO ENVO:00003057 Emmenthal A German sour milk cheese made from low fat curd cheese, which contains only about one percent fat and originates in the Harz mountain region south of Braunschweig. Harzerkaese ENVO ENVO:00003058 Harzer ENVO ENVO:00003059 New Zealand Cheddar A small, sweetish, soft, square cow's milk cheese from Normandy with a yellowish-orange rind. Wikipedia:Pont_l'Eveque ENVO ENVO:00003060 Pont l'Eveque A disc of soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a soft to runny paste and a smooth, pink rind. Wikipedia:Vacherin_Mont_d'Or ENVO ENVO:00003061 Vacherin Mont d'Or Meat from the domestic pig (Sus domesticus). Wikipedia:Pork ENVO ENVO:00003062 pork A meat that is preserved by the addition of a combination of salt, sugar, nitrates or nitrite and or is smoked. Wikipedia:Cured_meat ENVO ENVO:00003063 cured meat EcoLexicon:drinking_water SWEETRealm:DrinkingWater Wikipedia:Drinking_water ENVO ENVO:00003064 drinking water Wikipedia:Distilled_water ENVO ENVO:00003065 distilled water Wikipedia:Chicken ENVO ENVO:00003066 chicken meat product Meat from bovines, especially domestic cattle (cows). Wikipedia:Beef ENVO ENVO:00003067 beef ENVO ENVO:00003068 bovine milk Wikipedia:Sheep_milk sheep milk ENVO ENVO:00003069 ovine milk ENVO ENVO:00003070 caprine milk ENVO ENVO:00003071 grass silage A frozen dessert usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in addition to (or in replacement of) the natural ingredients. This mixture is stirred slowly while cooling to prevent large ice crystals from forming; the result is a smoothly textured ice cream. Wikipedia:Ice_cream ice-cream ENVO ENVO:00003072 ice cream Wikipedia:Seafood ENVO ENVO:00003073 seafood product Wikipedia:Manufactured_product ENVO ENVO:00003074 manufactured product ENVO ENVO:00003075 anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature Wikipedia:Glue ENVO ENVO:00003076 glue A fermented salty fish of Korean cuisine. Wikipedia:Jeotgal ENVO ENVO:00003077 jeotgal ENVO ENVO:00003078 Meshanger cheese A cut of meat (a meat chop) cut perpendicularly to the spine of the pig and usually containing a rib or part of a vertebra, served as an individual portion. Wikipedia:Pork_chop ENVO ENVO:00003079 pork chop ENVO ENVO:00003081 metal contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00003082 enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003083 sarcosine enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003084 trimethylamine enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003085 skatole enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003086 ethanol enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003087 acetamide enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003088 pantothenate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003089 testosterone enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003090 kynurenate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003091 threonine enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003092 salicylate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003093 poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003094 L-(+)-tartrate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003095 quinate enriched soil Wikipedia:Tap_water ENVO ENVO:00003096 tap water ENVO ENVO:00003097 bore hole water Wikipedia:Tannery ENVO ENVO:00003323 tannery Tempeh/Tempe is made by a natural culturing and controlled fermentation process that binds soybean particles into a cake form. Wikipedia:Tempeh ENVO ENVO:00003779 tempeh Wikipedia:Horse_manure ENVO ENVO:00003859 horse manure ENVO ENVO:00003860 pig manure ENVO ENVO:00003861 industrial building Wikipedia:Dairy ENVO ENVO:00003862 dairy ENVO ENVO:00003863 food processing factory Wikipedia:Bakery ENVO ENVO:00003864 bakery An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. Wikipedia:Straw ENVO ENVO:00003869 straw ENVO ENVO:00003870 rice straw ENVO ENVO:00003871 fermented rice beverage Wikipedia:Amasake ENVO ENVO:00003872 amasake Wikipedia:Fermented_dairy_product ENVO ENVO:00003873 fermented dairy product Wikipedia:Fermented_fish ENVO ENVO:00003874 fermented fish product Wikipedia:Fish ENVO ENVO:00003875 sea water fish product A fine powder made from cereals or other starchy food sources. Wikipedia:Flour ENVO ENVO:00003876 flour Wikipedia:Fruit ENVO ENVO:00003877 plant fruit food product ENVO ENVO:00003878 fruit extract product Wikipedia:Apple_juice ENVO ENVO:00003879 apple juice Wikipedia:Awamori ENVO ENVO:00003880 awamori Any of certain cuts of meat taken from the sides, belly or back of a pig that may be cured and/or smoked. Wikipedia:Bacon ENVO ENVO:00003881 bacon ENVO ENVO:00003882 fermented millet food product Wikipedia:Millet_beer ENVO bantu beer ENVO:00003883 millet beer ENVO ENVO:00003884 farmyard manure Wikipedia:Brewery ENVO ENVO:00003885 brewery ENVO ENVO:00003886 bottled beer A class of cow's milk, sheep's milk, or goat's milk cheeses that have had Penicillium cultures added so that the final product is spotted or veined throughout with blue, blue-gray or blue-green mould, and carries a distinct smell. Wikipedia:Blue_cheese ENVO ENVO:00003887 blue cheese ENVO ENVO:00003888 bottled fruit product The liquid left over after producing butter from cream during the churning process. Wikipedia:Buttermilk ENVO ENVO:00003889 buttermilk ENVO ENVO:00003890 canned fruit product ENVO ENVO:00003891 fermented fruit product ENVO ENVO:00003893 cosmetic product ENVO ENVO:00003894 face cream product ENVO ENVO:00003895 paper product ENVO ENVO:00003896 currency note A food produced by fermenting rice, barley and/or soybeans, with salt and the mold koji-kin (Aspergillus oryzae). Wikipedia:Miso ENVO ENVO:00003898 miso Must is the juice of freshly pressed grapes, that contains various quantities of pulp, skins, stems, and seeds, called pomace or grape solids, which typically comprise between 7 to 23 percent of the total weight of the must. Wikipedia:Must ENVO ENVO:00003899 must ENVO ENVO:00003900 rye grass silage Wikipedia:Aviation_fuel ENVO jet fuel ENVO:00003903 aviation fuel ENVO ENVO:00003904 yeast cake A liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid. Wikipedia:Vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003905 vinegar Vinegar is made by malting barley, causing the starch in the grain to turn to maltose. Wikipedia:Malt_vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003906 malt vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003907 nonfat dry milk ENVO ENVO:00003908 poultry deep litter ENVO ENVO:00003911 sake brewery Wikipedia:Sake ENVO ENVO:00003912 sake Wikipedia:Salt_pork ENVO ENVO:00003913 salt pork ENVO ENVO:00003914 chalk soil ENVO ENVO:00003915 fermented soybean product A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. Wikipedia:Research_station ENVO ENVO:00003919 research station ENVO ENVO:00003927 stable manure A food preserved by soaking and storing it in vinegar or brine. Wikipedia:Pickle ENVO ENVO:00003928 pickled food product ENVO ENVO:00003929 tape kefan A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially water or molten metal). Wikipedia:Scum ENVO ENVO:00003930 scum Wikipedia:Warehouse ENVO ENVO:00003963 warehouse ENVO ENVO:00003964 tobacco warehouse ENVO ENVO:00003965 anaerobic digester sludge A soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a creamy paste and a greyish-red and downy white penicillin rind and is sometimes foil-wrapped. ENVO ENVO:00003966 Bondon cheese Wikipedia:Creamery ENVO ENVO:00003967 creamery Wikipedia:Air_filter ENVO ENVO:00003968 air filter ENVO ENVO:00003969 bitter cheese Wikipedia:Sugar ENVO ENVO:00003970 sugar Wikipedia:Brown_sugar ENVO ENVO:00003971 brown sugar Wikipedia:Evaporated_milk ENVO ENVO:00003972 evaporated milk product A fermented milk drink made from milk. It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep's milk with kefir grains, a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars. This symbiotic matrix forms "grains" that resemble cauliflower. Many different bacteria and yeasts are found in the kefir grains, which are a complex and highly variable community of micro-organisms termed probiotics. ENVO ENVO:00003973 kefir A lipid material derived from plants. Physically, oils are liquid at room temperature. ENVO:0010145 Wikipedia:Vegetable_oil ENVO ENVO:00003975 vegetable oil Wikipedia:Linseed_oil ENVO ENVO:00003976 linseed oil ENVO ENVO:00003977 maize flour ENVO ENVO:00003978 potato silage Wikipedia:Sour_milk ENVO ENVO:00003979 sour milk Wikipedia:Dried_milk ENVO ENVO:00003980 dried milk product A natural chemical precipitate of carbonate minerals; typically aragonite, but often recrystallized to or primarily calcite; which is deposited from the water of mineral springs (especially hot springs) or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. Wikipedia:Travertine ENVO ENVO:00003982 travertine Wikipedia:Sawmill ENVO ENVO:00004638 sawmill A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 km2. Wikipedia:Karst_field karst polje polje ENVO ENVO:00004683 karst field Wikipedia:Foam ENVO ENVO:00005738 foam Wikipedia:Sea_foam ENVO ENVO:00005739 sea foam ENVO rice paddy soil ENVO:00005740 paddy field soil ENVO ENVO:00005741 alpine soil ENVO ENVO:00005742 arable soil ENVO ENVO:00005743 roadside soil ENVO ENVO:00005744 allotment garden soil Wikipedia:Allotment_garden ENVO ENVO:00005745 allotment garden ENVO ENVO:00005746 savanna soil ENVO ENVO:00005747 compost soil ENVO ENVO:00005748 dry soil ENVO ENVO:00005749 farm soil ENVO ENVO:00005750 grassland soil ENVO ENVO:00005751 jungle soil ENVO ENVO:00005752 sawah soil ENVO ENVO:00005753 urea enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00005754 fertilized soil ENVO ENVO:00005755 field soil ENVO ENVO:00005756 lawn soil ENVO ENVO:00005757 bacteria enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00005758 alluvial swamp soil ENVO ENVO:00005759 alluvial paddy field soil ENVO burnt soil ENVO:00005760 burned soil ENVO ENVO:00005761 meadow soil ENVO ENVO:00005762 chloropicrin enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00005763 humus-rich acidic ash soil ENVO ENVO:00005764 pond soil ENVO ENVO:00005765 frozen compost soil ENVO ENVO:00005766 limed soil ENVO ENVO:00005767 manured soil ENVO ENVO:00005768 orchid soil ENVO ENVO:00005769 mountain forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005770 beech forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005771 muddy soil ENVO ENVO:00005772 orchard soil ENVO ENVO:00005773 pasture soil EcoLexicon:peat SWEETRealm:Peat Wikipedia:Peat_soil ENVO peat ENVO:00005774 peat soil ENVO salty soil ENVO:00005775 salt contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00005776 peaty paddy field soil ENVO ENVO:00005777 steppe soil ENVO ENVO:00005778 tropical soil ENVO ENVO:00005779 vegetable garden soil ENVO ENVO:00005780 greenhouse soil ENVO ENVO:00005781 heat stressed soil ENVO ENVO:00005782 ornithogenic soil ENVO ENVO:00005783 leafy wood soil ENVO ENVO:00005784 spruce forest soil Wikipedia:Volcanic_soil ENVO ENVO:00005785 volcanic soil ENVO ENVO:00005786 upland soil ENVO ENVO:00005787 eucalyptus forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005788 rubber plantation soil ENVO ENVO:00005789 blue-grass field soil ENVO ENVO:00005790 red soil ENVO ENVO:00005791 sterile water SWEETRealm:UndergroundWater ENVO subterranean water ENVO:00005792 underground water ENVO ENVO:00005793 muddy water ENVO ENVO:00005794 water scum ENVO ENVO:00005795 marine mud ENVO ENVO:00005796 marine sludge ENVO ENVO:00005797 lake bottom mud ENVO ENVO:00005798 acid dune sand ENVO ENVO:00005799 rocky sand ENVO ENVO:00005800 desert sand The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. ENVO ENVO:00005801 rhizosphere Soil that is not penetrated by the root systems of plants. Wikipedia:Bulk_soil ENVO ENVO:00005802 bulk soil The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. den nest ENVO ENVO:00005803 animal habitation A pile of earth, sand, pine needles, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes, and may create nest chambers within the mound. ant's nest ENVO ant hill ENVO:00005804 nest of ant A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. bird nest bird's nest eyrie ENVO ENVO:00005805 nest of bird A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208. metazoan-associated habitat ENVO ENVO:00006776 animal-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here "plant" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae). ENVO ENVO:00009001 plant-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living mammal. Here "mammal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:40674. ENVO ENVO:00009002 mammalia-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:9606. ENVO ENVO:00009003 Used for armpits and other nasty places. human-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living insect. Here "insect" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:50557. ENVO ENVO:00009004 insecta-associated habitat 1 An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. Wikipedia:Ice_rise ENVO ENVO:00009686 ice rise A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. ENVO ENVO:00009725 ice piedmont Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. ENVO ENVO:00009726 strand crack A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A fomite can be anything such as a cloth or mop heads so when cleaning this is important to remember that this could aid when spreading pathogenic organisms. Wikipedia:Fomite ENVO ENVO:00010358 fomite A dump for domestic waste. A term used to describe any kind of feature containing waste products relating to day-to-day human life. Wikipedia:Midden ENVO ENVO:00010442 midden A portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. portion of environmental material ENVO ENVO:00010483 Everything under this parent must be a mass noun. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental material A surface layer is the uppermost layer of some material entity. EcoLexicon:surface SWEETRealm:Surface Wikipedia:Surface ENVO ENVO:00010504 This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. surface layer Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol Wikipedia:Aerosol ENVO ENVO:00010505 aerosol A mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). Wikipedia:Emulsion ENVO ENVO:00010506 emulsion Wikipedia:Medical_instrument ENVO ENVO:00010621 medical instrument Wikipedia:Vivarium ENVO ENVO:00010622 vivarium A sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals. Wikipedia:Dolomite ENVO ENVO:00010623 dolomite A place where a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes. Wikipedia:Botanical_garden botanic garden ENVO ENVO:00010624 botanical garden A facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. Wikipedia:Zoological_garden zoo zoological park ENVO ENVO:00010625 zoological garden A research facility consisting of instruments that measure the properties of the oceans over time. Usually of at least approximately fixed location. ENVO ENVO:00011764 ocean time series station An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. EcoLexicon:aquifer SWEETRealm:Aquifer Wikipedia:Aquifer ENVO ENVO:00012408 aquifer ENVO ENVO:00012411 karst cave ENVO ENVO:0010000 animal food product Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 anthropogenic environmental material ENVO ENVO:0010002 cereal food product ENVO ENVO:0010003 agricultural environmental material alcoholic beverage ENVO ENVO:0010005 fermented beverage ENVO ENVO:0010006 fermented grape beverage ENVO ENVO:0010007 fermented Elaeis Palm beverage ENVO ENVO:0010008 fermented sugar cane beverage ENVO:00003892 fermented apple ENVO ENVO:0010009 fermented apple beverage ENVO ENVO:0010010 apple beverage ENVO ENVO:0010011 orange fruit beverage ENVO ENVO:0010012 grape beverage ENVO ENVO:0010013 fermented cereal beverage ENVO ENVO:0010014 fermented agave beverage ENVO ENVO:0010016 sea water fish egg product ENVO ENVO:0010017 avian egg product ENVO ENVO:0010018 camelid dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010019 bovine dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010020 buffalo dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010021 caprine dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010022 donkey dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010023 equine dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010024 ovine dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010025 yak dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010026 zebra dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010027 reindeer dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010028 water buffalo dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010029 horse dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010030 domestic cattle dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010031 cervid dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010032 camelid milk ENVO ENVO:0010033 equine milk ENVO ENVO:0010034 cervid milk ENVO ENVO:0010035 cow's milk ENVO ENVO:0010036 caprine cheese product ENVO ENVO:0010037 ovine cheese product ENVO ENVO:0010038 bovine cheese product ENVO ENVO:0010039 cow's milk cheese A very strong smelling, brick-shaped, soft cow's milk cheese. ENVO ENVO:0010040 Limburger ENVO ENVO:0010041 goat's milk cheese ENVO ENVO:0010042 sheep's milk cheese ENVO ENVO:0010043 poultry meat product ENVO ENVO:0010044 porcine meat product A relish, sauce, or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish. ENVO ENVO:0010045 condiment ENVO ENVO:0010046 bovine meat product ENVO ENVO:0010047 distilled fermented grain beverage ENVO ENVO:0010048 distilled fermented beverage michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:45:50Z ENVO ENVO:0010049 soya food product ENVO ENVO:0010050 tea-based beverage ENVO ENVO:0010051 coffee-based beverage ENVO ENVO:0010052 fruit juice beverage ENVO ENVO:0010053 wheat product ENVO ENVO:0010054 maize product ENVO ENVO:0010055 fungal product ENVO ENVO:0010056 yeast product ENVO ENVO:0010057 microbial food product ENVO ENVO:0010058 solanaceous root product ENVO ENVO:0010059 plant root food product ENVO ENVO:0010060 potato product Food items that are rich in sugar, any one or type of which is called a confection. Modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well. ENVO ENVO:0010061 confectionery product ENVO ENVO:0010062 cucurbit fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010063 citrus fruit product The fleshy fruit (false berry) of a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. ENVO ENVO:0010064 melon fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010065 Cucumis melo fruit ENVO ENVO:0010066 Citrullus lanatus fruit ENVO ENVO:0010067 watermelon ENVO ENVO:0010068 citrus fruit beverage ENVO ENVO:0010069 pomaceous fruit beverage ENVO ENVO:0010070 pomaceous fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010071 fermented pomaceous fruit beverage ENVO ENVO:0010072 pomaceous fruit extract ENVO ENVO:0010073 citrus fruit extract ENVO ENVO:0010074 grape extract ENVO ENVO:0010075 solanaceous fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010076 tomato product ENVO ENVO:0010077 solanaceous food product ENVO ENVO:0010078 plant inflorescence food product ENVO ENVO:0010079 amaranthaceous food product ENVO pulse ENVO:0010080 Definitions and types from http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm. leguminous food product ENVO ENVO:0010081 cruciferous food product ENVO ENVO:0010082 grape fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010083 cruciferous inflorescence food product ENVO ENVO:0010084 nut food product ENVO ENVO:0010085 plant seed food product ENVO ENVO:0010086 plant lipid food product ENVO ENVO:0010087 plant stem food product ENVO ENVO:0010088 invertebrate food product ENVO ENVO:0010089 insect food product ENVO ENVO:0010090 honey product ENVO ENVO:0010091 amaranthaceous inflorescence food product ENVO ENVO:0010092 processed food product ENVO ENVO:0010093 cooked food product ENVO ENVO:0010094 pickled cruciferous food product ENVO ENVO:0010095 bread ENVO ENVO:0010096 algal food product ENVO ENVO:0010097 rice product ENVO ENVO:0010098 buckewheat product ENVO ENVO:0010099 sorghum product ENVO ENVO:0010100 milet product ENVO ENVO:0010101 oats product ENVO ENVO:0010102 rye product ENVO ENVO:0010103 barley product ENVO ENVO:0010104 quinoa product ENVO ENVO:0010105 fonio product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Pisum. ENVO ENVO:0010106 dry peas product A product of the dry seeds of Lens culinaris. ENVO ENVO:0010107 lentil product A product of the dry seeds of Cajanus cajan. ENVO ENVO:0010108 pigeon pea product A product of the dry seeds of Vigna subterranea. ENVO ENVO:0010109 bambara groundnut product A product of the dry seeds of plants of then genus Vicia. ENVO ENVO:0010110 dry broad beans product A product of the dry seeds of Cicer arietinum. ENVO ENVO:0010111 chickpea product A product of the dry seeds of Vigna unguiculata. ENVO ENVO:0010112 cowpea product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genera Phaseola and Vigna. ENVO ENVO:0010113 dry beans product A product of the dry seeds of Psophocarpus teragonolobus. ENVO ENVO:0010114 winged bean product A product of the dry seeds of Vicia sativa. ENVO ENVO:0010115 vetch seed product A product of the dry seeds of Pachyrrizus erosus. ENVO ENVO:0010116 yam bean product A product of the dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis. ENVO ENVO:0010117 velvet bean product A product of the dry seeds of Lupinus spp. ENVO ENVO:0010118 lupin seed product A product of the dry seeds of Canavalia gladiata. ENVO ENVO:0010119 jack bean product A product of the dry seeds of Lablab purpureus. ENVO ENVO:0010120 hyacinth bean product The seeds of leguminous crops harvested solely for dry grain. ENVO ENVO:0010121 pulses ENVO ENVO:0010122 wheat flour A food made from an unleavened dough of wheat or buckwheat flour and water, sometimes with other ingredients such as eggs and vegetable extracts. ENVO ENVO:0010123 pasta A food product that is a baked good made from ingredients such as flour, butter, shortening, baking powder or eggs. ENVO ENVO:0010124 pastry ENVO ENVO:0010125 baked food product A confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which flavorings and colorants are added. ENVO ENVO:0010126 candy A food product derived from Theobroma cacao. ENVO ENVO:0010127 cacao food product A dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. ENVO ENVO:0010128 cream An opague white dairy product produced by the mammary glands of female mammals. ENVO ENVO:0010129 milk ENVO ENVO:0010130 bee food product A sausage that is cooked and then smoked or smoke-cooked. ENVO ENVO:0010131 cooked smoked sausage A sausage that is smoked. ENVO ENVO:0010132 smoked sausage A fresh sausages that is smoked. ENVO ENVO:0010133 fresh smoked sausage A sausage made from meats that have not been previously cured. ENVO ENVO:0010134 fresh sausage A cured sausage that is fermented and dried. ENVO ENVO:0010135 dry sausage A sausage made with fresh meats, and then fully cooked. ENVO ENVO:0010136 cooked sausage ENVO ENVO:0010137 smoked meat A fruit product that has been prepared and canned or bottled for long term storage. The preparation of fruit preserves traditionally involves the use of pectin as a gelling agent, although sugar or honey may be used as well. ENVO ENVO:0010138 fruit preserve A product made with whole fruit, cut into pieces or crushed. The fruit is heated with water and sugar to activate the pectin in the fruit. The mixture is then put into containers. ENVO ENVO:0010139 jam A substance or mixture os substances used to coagulate milk in the manufacture of cheese. ENVO ENVO:0010140 rennet product A cheese product made from traditional cheese and emulsifying salts, often with the addition of milk, more salt, preservatives, and food coloring. ENVO ENVO:0010141 processed cheese product A condiment made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white or yellow mustard, Sinapis hirta; brown or Indian mustard, Brassica juncea; or black mustard, Brassica nigra). The whole, ground, cracked, or bruised mustard seeds are mixed with water, vinegar or other liquids, and sometimes other flavorings and spices, to create a thick paste ranging in colour from bright yellow to dark brown. ENVO ENVO:0010142 mustard A salad dressing that is usually mayonnaise-based, but which may also contain yogurt, sour cream, or creme fraiche. ENVO ENVO:0010143 creamy salad dressing A salad dressing that is an emulsion of a vegetable oil and vinegar, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. ENVO ENVO:0010144 vinaigrette ENVO ENVO:0010146 nut oil A stable emulsion of oil, and vinegar or lemon juice, with many options for embellishment with other herbs and spices. Egg yolk is the traditional emulsifier. ENVO ENVO:0010147 mayonnaise A condiment produced by fermenting soybeans with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soyae molds along with roasted grain, water, and salt. ENVO:00003916 Wikipedia:Soy_sauce ENVO ENVO:0010148 soy sauce ENVO ENVO:0010149 fresh sea water fish A natural complex of enzymes produced in any mammalian stomach to digest the mother's milk, and is often used in the production of cheese. Rennet contains many enzymes, including a proteolytic enzyme (protease) that coagulates the milk, causing it to separate into solids (curds) and liquid (whey). ENVO ENVO:0010150 natural rennet A rennet that is an extract of a microorganism or fungus, such as Rhizomucor miehei. ENVO ENVO:0010151 microbial rennet A rennet that is an extract of a plant. ENVO ENVO:0010152 vegetable rennet A rennet made by the expression of cloned calf chymotrypsin genes in bacteria or yeast. ENVO ENVO:0010153 genetically engineered rennet ENVO ENVO:0010154 processed pork A vegetable product such as leaves, flowers, seeds and roots that is rich in essential oils and aromatic principles. Used mainly a a condiment. ENVO ENVO:0010155 spice product ENVO ENVO:0010156 animal lipid food product A brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. ENVO ENVO:0010157 coffee A beverage prepared from the cured leaves of Camellia sinensis by combination with hot or boiling water. ENVO ENVO:0010158 tea A heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. ENVO ENVO:0010159 hot chocolate A beverage prepated by steeping dry leaves (and twigs) of yerba mate in hot water. EcoLexicon:mating ENVO ENVO:0010160 mate ENVO ENVO:0010162 dry stream valley ENVO ENVO:0010163 dry river valley ENVO ENVO:0010164 fish food product ENVO ENVO:0010165 freshwater fish product ENVO ENVO:0010166 fish egg product ENVO ENVO:0010167 avian food product michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:36:43Z ENVO ENVO:0010168 animal derived beverage michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:37:10Z ENVO ENVO:0010169 plant derived beverage michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:37:36Z ENVO ENVO:0010170 fermented plant derived beverage michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:38:17Z ENVO ENVO:0010171 non-fermented plant derived beverage Organic matter in soil which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, or millennia. EcoLexicon:humus SWEETRealm:Humus Wikipedia:Humus ENVO ENVO:01000000 humus A liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay. EcoLexicon:mud SWEETRealm:Mud Wikipedia:Mud ENVO ENVO:01000001 mud Wikipedia:Water_well ENVO ENVO:01000002 water well Wikipedia:Oil_well ENVO ENVO:01000003 oil well The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. pbuttigieg 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z ENVO ENVO:01000004 concentration basin mediterranean sea biome ENVO:01000063 EcoLexicon:upwell EcoLexicon:upwelling SWEETRealm:Upwelling Wikipedia:Upwelling marine upwelling ENVO ENVO:01000005 This term is specific to marine upwellings. upwelling An upwelling that is near a coast. Wikipedia:Coastal_upwelling ENVO ENVO:01000006 coastal upwelling ENVO ENVO:01000007 microbial feature A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. Wikipedia:Microbial_mat ENVO ENVO:01000008 microbial mat ENVO organic material feature ENVO:01000009 biotic mesoscopic physical object ENVO ENVO:01000010 abiotic mesoscopic physical object Food made from milk. Wikipedia:Dairy_product ENVO ENVO:01000011 dairy product Wikipedia:Milk ENVO ENVO:01000012 milk product Wikipedia:Fermented_food ENVO ENVO:01000013 fermented food product Wikipedia:Wine ENVO ENVO:01000014 wine Wikipedia:Beer ENVO ENVO:01000015 beer Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt Wikipedia:Silt ENVO ENVO:01000016 Wikipedia: In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. EcoLexicon:sand SWEETRealm:Sand Wikipedia:Sand ENVO ENVO:01000017 sand Gravel is an environmental material which is composed of pieces of rock that are at least two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension and no more than 75 millimeters. EcoLexicon:gravel SWEETRealm:Gravel Wikipedia:Gravel ENVO ENVO:01000018 The logical def is a little off here - it should really suggest that a gravel is composed of many "pieces" of gravel. gravel ENVO ENVO:01000019 surface layer with role "walking substrate" or similar. Indicate it is some sort of "bottom" cave floor Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Estuarine ENVO ENVO:01000020 estuarine biome The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000022 marine salt marsh biome The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000023 marine pelagic biome The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Benthic ENVO ENVO:01000024 marine benthic biome The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000025 marine neritic benthic zone biome The mariine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000026 marine bathyal zone biome The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000027 marine abyssal zone biome The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000028 marine hadal zone biome A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000029 marine reef biome The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000030 marine hydrothermal vent biome The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000032 neritic pelagic zone biome The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000033 oceanic pelagic zone biome The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000034 oceanic sea surface microlayer biome The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The oceanic epipelagic zone biome encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000035 oceanic epipelagic zone biome The oceanic mesopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends through the water column from approximately 200-1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000036 oceanic mesopelagic zone biome The bathypelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below approximately 1000 m water depth - the maximum depth to which detectable daylight penetrates in all but the clearest oligotrophic waters - and extends to about 2500 - 2700 m water depth. In the temperate Atlantic, the beginning of the bathypelagic zone biome approximates to the deep oxygen minimum and the base of the permanent thermocline. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000037 oceanic bathypelagic zone biome The abyssopelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below the bathypelagic zone biome at approximately 2500 -2700 m and extends either to the hadal pelagic zone biome (at approximately 6000 m) or to the benthopelagic zone biome within ca. 100 m of the seafloor. The depth of 2700 m may be critical for physiological reasons as the change in hydrostatic pressure across this depth may preclude organism migration. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000038 oceanic abyssopelagic zone biome The oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome comprises the water column in oceanic trenches occurring at depths between 6000m and 10,000m. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000039 oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome The benthopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column which usually coincide with the benthic boundary layer (BBL) - the layer of isothermal and isohaline water contiguous to the sea floor. A general reversal in the declining gradient of pelagic biomass may be observed here, perhaps explained by viable nutrition on the sea floor being resuspended by bottom currents. This zone typically extends 100 m above the seafloor, but may reach upto1000 m during benthic storms. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000040 oceanic benthopelagic zone biome The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000041 neritic sea surface microlayer biome The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The epipelagic zone encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000042 neritic epipelagic zone biome The neritic mesopelagic zone biome comprises the marine column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from approximately 200 to 1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000043 neritic mesopelagic zone biome A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:10:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000044 marine pelagic feature The epeiric sea (also known as an epicontinental sea) biome comprises a shallow seas that extend over part of a continent. Epeiric seas are usually associated with the marine transgressions of the geologic past, which have variously been due to either global eustatic sea level changes, local tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi-cyclic. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z epicontinental sea biome ENVO ENVO:01000045 epeiric sea biome The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z ENVO ENVO:01000046 marginal sea biome The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z ENVO ENVO:01000047 mediterranean sea biome The ocean biome comprises major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z ENVO ENVO:01000048 ocean biome The marine coral reef biome comprises constructional wave-resistant entities which are primarily built by corals and are often cemented together. The growth of these structures is aided by zooxanthellae, algae that are symbiotic with the reef-building corals. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000049 marine coral reef biome The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000050 marine subtidal rocky reef biome A marine black smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by a black vent plume. This black plume is a consequence of dissolved metals and minerals forming complexes with sulphide and indicates polymetallic sulphide mineral deposits beneath the surface. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000051 marine black smoker biome A marine white smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by lightly hued plumes, typically containing barium, calcium, and silicon. These vents tend to have lower temperature plumes when compared to black smoker environments. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000052 marine white smoker biome A marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of themarine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks. Ultramafic rocks are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000053 marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome A marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on basaltic rocks. Basalt generally has a composition of 45 to 55 wt % SiO2, 2 to 6 wt % total alkalis, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % TiO2, 5 to 14 wt % FeO and 14 wt % or more Al2O3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt %, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt %. pbuttigieg 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000054 marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z EcoLexicon:red_tide red tide ENVO ENVO:01000057 marine algal bloom Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO kelp bed ENVO:01000058 Kelp forests and beds may extend many meters above the sea floor, thus should not be considered a type of "bed". kelp forest Seagrass beds are highly diverse and productive ecosystems, and can harbour hundreds of associated species from all phyla. They partly create their own habitat: the leaves slow down water-currents increasing sedimentation, and the seagrass roots and rhizomes stabilize the seabed. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000059 sea grass bed The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z epipelagic mixed layer ENVO ENVO:01000061 marine wind mixed layer Benthic storms are strong benthic (near bottom) currents transporting sediment, created by the input of energy (largely kinetic) to the seabed. In regions with high mesoscale eddy activity, benthic storms are frequent and can create isohaline and isothermal conditions extending as much as 1000m above the seafloor. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000062 marine benthic storm A marine downwelling describes a net current of marine surface water towards deeper regions of the water column. Marine downwellings are usually caused by differences in the density (and hence, temperature and salinity) of seawater. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000064 marine downwelling pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000065 marine oxygen minimum zone Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z SWEETRealm:DeadZone ENVO dead zone ENVO:01000066 marine anoxic zone A marine current is a continuous, directed movement of marine water generated by the forces acting upon this mean flow, such as breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences and tides caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z EcoLexicon:marine_current ENVO ENVO:01000067 marine current Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000068 marine streamer Mesoscale marine eddies are characterized by currents which flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic. Ocean eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different to those outside of the eddy. Marine mesoscale eddies are between about 10 and 500 km in diameter, and persist for periods of days to months. They may be formed when an ocean current develops an instability. This instability grows, causing the current to meander, and eventually an eddy is pinched off from the meander. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000069 mesoscale marine eddy Sediment comprised of weathered continental rocks, wind blown dust, volcanic ash or other terrestrial material. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z EcoLexicon:terrigenous_sediment SWEETRealm:TerrigenousSediment ENVO ENVO:01000070 terrigenous sediment An oceanic front is a narrow zone of enhanced horizontal gradients of water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) that separates broader areas with different water masses or different vertical structure (stratification). pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000071 oceanic front A marine Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in a marine body of water. Currents flowing over shoaling topography such as seamounts are accelerated and destabilised, resulting in Taylor columns. Eddies and internal waves are generated downstream of the topological feature and may extend 1000 m or so above them. This may result in a localised increase in primary production where the Taylor column reaches surface waters. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000072 marine Taylor column An expanse of marine water characterised by low concentrations of nutrients such as phosphate, nitrate as well as organic matter and, hence, low primary productivity. These regions tend to have high dissolved oxygen levels due to a lack of respiration. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000073 marine oligotrophic desert A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis Effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z SWEETRealm:OceanGyre ENVO ENVO:01000074 oceanic gyre The marine thermocline describes a sharp change in the temperature of seawater (in relation to the temperature gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column, which is usually associated with rapid changes in water density and salinity. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000075 marine thermocline A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000076 marine chemocline The marine pycnocline describes a sharp change in the density of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. Pycnoclines are usually associated with thermo- and haloclines. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000077 marine pycnocline The marine nutricline describes a sharp change in the nutrient content of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000078 marine nutricline The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000079 marine lysocline A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000080 pelagic isothermal surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000081 pelagic isohaline surface Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000082 biogenous sediment A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000083 pelagic isopycnal surface pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000084 estuarine front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000085 plume front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000086 coastal buoyancy current front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000087 tidal mixing front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000088 mid-shelf fronts pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000089 shelf-slope/shelf-break front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000090 coastal upwelling front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000091 topographic upwelling front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000092 equatorial upwelling front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000093 boundary current front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000094 subtropical convergence front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000095 marginal ice zone front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000096 water mass front pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000097 surface convergence A marine current that generally occurs below the permanent thermocline (where it occurs) or below 400 m depth and that is driven by density and temperature gradients. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000098 deep ocean current A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000099 marine surface current A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000100 along-front current pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000101 warm surface current pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000102 cold surface current A warm water, narrow marine surface current flowing from the equator to high latitudes at speeds between 40 and 120 kilometers per day. Western boundary currents are the deepest ocean surface flows, usually extending 1000 meters below the ocean surface. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z SWEETRealm:WesternBoundaryCurrent ENVO ENVO:01000103 western boundary current A cold water, broad marine surface current flowing from high latitudes to the equator at speeds between 3 and 7 kilometers per day. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z SWEETRealm:EasternBoundaryCurrent ENVO ENVO:01000104 eastern boundary current A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring on or along marine benthic environments. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T12:27:00Z ENVO ENVO:01000105 marine benthic feature The permanent marine thermocline describes a marine thermocline found in temperate to tropical latitudes, which marks the transition between warm waters and cold deep waters. The permanent thermocline separates the marine cold-water sphere and the marine warm-water sphere pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z ENVO ENVO:01000106 permanent marine thermocline The seasonal marine thermocline is a marine thermocline, which generally occurs below the marine wind mixed layer. pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z ENVO ENVO:01000107 seasonal marine thermocline The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T02:39:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000108 marine cold-water sphere The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline pbuttigieg 2010-03-16T02:42:39Z ENVO ENVO:01000109 marine warm-water sphere Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z SWEETRealm:HydrogenousSediment ENVO ENVO:01000110 hydrogenous sediment Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial dust and debris in the form of meteorites and similar entities. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000111 cosmogenous sediment Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z manganese nodule ENVO ENVO:01000112 polymetallic nodule Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:17:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000113 suspended sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter greater than 256 mm. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000114 boulder sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 64 and 256 mm. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000115 cobble sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 4 and 32 mm. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000116 pebble sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 2 and 4 mm. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000117 granular sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000118 sandy sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000119 silty sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 1 and 3.9 micrometers. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000120 clay sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometers. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000121 colloidal sediment A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T02:13:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000122 marine hydrothermal vent The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T04:43:05Z ENVO ENVO:01000123 marine sponge reef biome pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000124 neritic supra-littoral zone pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000125 nertic littoral zone pbuttigieg 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000126 neritic sub-littoral zone The marine cold seep biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where seepage of methane, hydrogen sulphide, hydrocarbon rich fluids and other fluids occurs. pbuttigieg 2010-03-19T08:33:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000127 marine cold seep biome The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. pbuttigieg 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z ENVO ENVO:01000128 dilution basin mediterranean sea biome 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z ENVO ENVO:01000129 marine hydrothermal vent chimney A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z ENVO ENVO:01000130 marine hydrothermal plume Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T07:15:20Z ENVO ENVO:01000131 mesophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z ENVO ENVO:01000132 thermophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 80-125 degrees Celsius and no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z ENVO ENVO:01000133 hyperthermophilic sediment High temperature water ejected from hydrothermal vents and laden with dissolved metals and minerals as a result of percolation through crustal rocks. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000134 hydrothermal fluid Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000135 nitrate-reducing sediment An isolated fragment of rock, which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. Drop stones range in size from small pebbles to boulders. 2010-03-20T06:25:06Z Dropstone ENVO ENVO:01000136 drop stone An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:25:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000137 organic matter fall A accumulation of plant matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z ENVO ENVO:01000138 plant matter fall The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z ENVO ENVO:01000139 animal matter fall Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000140 whale fall Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:26:44Z ENVO ENVO:01000141 seal fall A wood fall describes an accumulation of woody plant material that has fallen to the ocean floor. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:27:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000142 wood fall pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:43:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000143 marine reef pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000144 marine coral reef flat zone pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000145 marine coral reef back reef pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000146 marine coral reef crest pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000147 marine coral reef fore reef pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000148 marine coral reef buttress zone pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000149 marine coral reef deep fore reef pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T06:55:18Z ENVO ENVO:01000150 marine subtidal rocky reef Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000151 manganese-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000152 iron-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000153 sulphate-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000154 carbon dioxide-reducing sediment Environmental material characteristic of, pertaining to, or derived from living organisms. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material ENVO ENVO:01000155 organic material Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000156 biofilm material Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000157 microbial mat material Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z EcoLexicon:marine_snow ENVO ENVO:01000158 marine snow A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic pertaining to or derived from living organisms. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:00:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000159 organic feature Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:14:38Z ENVO ENVO:01000160 marine pockmark A marine sponge reef is marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:18:54Z ENVO ENVO:01000161 marine sponge reef A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:21:27Z ENVO ENVO:01000162 organ A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes ("light producing" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z EcoLexicon:photophore ENVO ENVO:01000163 photophore Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000164 root nodule A specialised organ found in deep-sea tube worms populating hydrothermal vent environments that is colonised by chemosynthetic bacteria which supply the host worm with organic compounds. The term may be applied to similar organs in other worms. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000165 trophosome A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000166 mycetome Determinate nodules are root nodules found on tropical (sub)legumes, such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), Lotus, and Vigna. Determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000167 determinate root nodule Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. pbuttigieg 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000168 indeterminate root nodule Water depleted of dissolved oxygen. pbuttigieg 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z ENVO ENVO:01000173 anoxic water A forest biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, densely packed vegetation which strongly limits light penetration to the forest floor. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Forest ENVO ENVO:01000174 Preliminary definition. forest biome A woodland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, woody plants spaced sufficiently far apart to allow light penetration to support communities of herbaceous plants or shrubs living closer to the woodland floor. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z ENVO ENVO:01000175 Preliminary definition. woodland biome A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z ENVO ENVO:01000176 Preliminary definition. shrubland biome A grassland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, an unbroken layer of grasses (Gramineae), sedges (Cyperaceae) or rushes (Juncaceae). pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland ENVO ENVO:01000177 grassland biome A savanna biome is a woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes, across its entire spatial extent, trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland ENVO ENVO:01000178 Preliminary definition savanna biome A desert biome is a terrestrial biome which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation and includes communities adapted to these conditions. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Desert_or_dune ENVO ENVO:01000179 Preliminary definition. desert biome A tundra is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, only low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Tundra biomes rarely have monthly average temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius and have low evapotranspiration ratios. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Tundra ENVO ENVO:01000180 Preliminary definition. tundra biome A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z ENVO ENVO:01000181 Preliminary definition. Depending on whether mangrove trees or shrubs are present, this class could be a child of shrubland biome or woodland biome. Consider creating the appropriate classes. mangrove biome A temperate desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to intermediate insolation, low rainfall, and large temperature variations between winter and summer. Winter temperatures may fall below 0 degrees Celsius. Some precipitation in this biome may fall as snow. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000182 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate desert biome A tropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, very high insolation due to inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Tropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000183 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical desert biome A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000184 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical desert biome A montane desert biome is a desert biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000185 Preliminary definition. montane desert biome A polar desert biome is a desert biome which is subject to low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000186 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. polar desert biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000187 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical savanna biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000188 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical savanna biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z prairie biome ENVO ENVO:01000189 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate savanna biome A flooded savanna biome is a savanna biome which has very wet to saturated soil moisture content. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z swamp ENVO marsh ENVO:01000190 flooded savanna biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000191 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical grassland biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000192 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical grassland biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z prairie biome ENVO ENVO:01000193 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate grassland biome A montane grassland biome is a grassland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000194 Preliminary definition. montane grassland biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000195 flooded grassland biome A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000196 Preliminary definition. coniferous forest biome A broadleaf forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000197 Preliminary definition. broadleaf forest biome A mixed forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000198 Preliminary definition. mixed forest biome A mediterranean forest biome is a forest biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000199 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean forest biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000200 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical broadleaf forest biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000201 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical broadleaf forest biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000202 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate broadleaf forest biome An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:35:18Z ENVO ENVO:01000203 Experimental class created in EnvO. A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. environmental condition pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z EcoLexicon:the_tropics SPIRE:Tropical ENVO ENVO:01000204 tropical pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000205 subtropical pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z SPIRE:Temperate ENVO ENVO:01000206 temperate pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000207 mediterranean A mediterranean woodland biome is a subtropical woodland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. pbuttigieg 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000208 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean woodland biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z ENVO ENVO:01000209 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical coniferous forest biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z ENVO ENVO:01000210 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical coniferous forest biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z ENVO ENVO:01000211 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate coniferous forest biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:39:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000212 temperate mixed forest biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000213 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical shrubland biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000214 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical shrubland biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z prairie biome ENVO ENVO:01000215 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate shrubland biome A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000216 Preliminary definition. montane shrubland biome A mediterranean shrubland biome is a subtropical shrubland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000217 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean shrubland biome pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000218 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. xeric shrubland biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. pbuttigi 2013-04-07T14:45:22Z ENVO ENVO:01000219 Preliminary definition. anthropogenic terrestrial biome pbuttigieg 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000220 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical woodland biome pbuttigieg 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000221 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate woodland biome pbuttigieg 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000222 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical woodland biome A montane savanna biome is a savanna biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. pbuttigieg 2013-04-07T16:50:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000223 Preliminary definition. montane savanna biome A mediterranean grassland biome is a subtropical grassland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. pbuttigieg 2013-04-19T11:42:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000224 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean grassland biome pbuttigieg 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z ENVO ENVO:01000225 subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome pbuttigieg 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z ENVO ENVO:01000226 subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome pbuttigieg 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z ENVO ENVO:01000227 tropical dry broadleaf forest biome pbuttigieg 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z SPIRE:Rainforest ENVO rainforest biome ENVO:01000228 tropical moist broadleaf forest biome pbuttigieg 2013-04-24T12:20:42Z ENVO ENVO:01000229 mediterranean savanna biome An arid condition is an environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. pbuttigieg 2013-04-24T13:28:18Z EcoLexicon:aridity ENVO ENVO:01000230 arid Lava is an environmental material which is primarily composed of molten rock. PLB 2013-05-05T16:52:47Z EcoLexicon:lava SWEETRealm:Lava ENVO ENVO:01000231 lava PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z silicic lava ENVO ENVO:01000232 felsic lava PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z andesitic lava ENVO ENVO:01000233 intermediate lava PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z ENVO basaltic lava ENVO:01000234 mafic lava PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z ENVO ENVO:01000235 ultramafic lava Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. PLB 2013-05-05T17:07:15Z EcoLexicon:basalt SWEETRealm:Basalt ENVO ENVO:01000236 basalt A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. pbuttigieg 2013-05-06T09:47:07Z coastal chaparral ENVO ENVO:01000237 coastal scrubland pbuttigieg 2013-05-08T07:49:36Z SPIRE:Polar SWEETRealm:Polarization ENVO ENVO:01000238 polar An oak woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of oak trees. PLB 2013-06-04T22:33:52Z ENVO ENVO:01000239 oak woodland A conifer woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of coniferous trees, from the Division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae. PLB 2013-06-06T14:39:17Z ENVO ENVO:01000240 conifer woodland A juniper woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the genus Juniperus. PLB 2013-06-06T14:44:52Z ENVO ENVO:01000241 juniper woodland A scrubland which is located in a desert. PLB 2013-06-06T15:02:30Z desert scrub ENVO ENVO:01000242 desert scrubland A piece of rock with a grain size above 300 millimetres in diameter. Smaller boulders are, at times, referred to as rocks or stones. PLB 2013-06-06T15:10:50Z EcoLexicon:boulder SWEETRealm:Boulder ENVO ENVO:01000243 boulder A pinyon juniper woodland is a conifer woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the subsection Cembroides of the genus Pinus and the genus Juniperus. PLB 2013-06-06T15:22:52Z ENVO ENVO:01000244 pinyon juniper woodland A cropland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for agricultural activity and which contains no village or larger human settlement. pbuttigieg 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000245 cropland biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. pbuttigieg 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000246 village biome A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. pbuttigieg 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000247 rangeland biome A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. pbuttigieg 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000248 dense settlement biome An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. pbuttigieg 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z SPIRE:Urban ENVO ENVO:01000249 urban biome A subpolar coniferous forest biome is a coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions. 2013-09-04T06:41:53Z EcoLexicon:taiga SPIRE:Taiga boreal forest taiga ENVO ENVO:01000250 subpolar coniferous forest biome pbuttigieg 2013-09-04T07:08:34Z ENVO ENVO:01000251 subpolar 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000252 freshwater lake biome 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000253 freshwater river biome A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment ENVO ENVO:01000254 In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. pbuttigieg 2013-10-05T12:23:32Z ore deposit ENVO ENVO:01000255 Note that the definition of the term mineral is debatable; however, a mineral generally must be naturally occuring, stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula (unlike rocks, which may include a wide variety of components), are usually formed by geophysical processes (i.e. are abiogenic), and have an ordered atomic arrangement. mineral deposit A mineral is an environmental material which is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. pbuttigieg 2013-10-05T12:37:41Z ENVO ENVO:01000256 From Wikipedia: [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. mineral A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor which emits lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon. These alkaline hydrothermal vents also continuously generate acetyl thioesters, providing both the starting point for more complex organic molecules and the energy needed to produce them. pbuttigieg 2013-10-06T19:57:22Z ENVO ENVO:01000257 white smoker A cline is a comparatively thin, typically horizontal layer within a fluid, in which a property of the fluid varies greatly over a relatively short vertical distance. pbuttigieg 2013-10-06T20:10:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000258 A similar term exists in linguistics and mathematics. An ecocline, or biological cline, is a related concept; however, may be better placed as a child of a class like "ecotone". cline A layer within a fluid where the density gradient changes rapidly with depth. pbuttigieg 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z ENVO stable density gradient ENVO:01000259 pycnocline A layer within a water body where the nutrient content changes rapidly with depth. pbuttigieg 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z ENVO ENVO:01000260 nutricline A layer within a marine water body where the rate of calcite dissolution changes rapidly with depth. The increase in the rate of calcite dissolution with depth is largely due to the concomitant fall in calcite saturation. pbuttigieg 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z ENVO ENVO:01000261 lysocline A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. pbuttigieg 2013-10-06T21:13:21Z ENVO ENVO:01000262 seep pbuttigieg 2013-10-06T21:16:39Z ENVO:00000425 hydrocarbon seep methane seep ENVO ENVO:01000263 cold seep A vapour is an environmental material in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point. 2013-10-10T07:55:56Z vapor ENVO ENVO:01000264 vapour A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. pbuttigieg 2013-10-06T21:19:00Z ENVO hot seep ENVO:01000265 hydrothermal seep Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. pbuttigieg 2013-10-10T07:58:18Z aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000266 Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? water vapour An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. pbuttigieg 2013-10-10T08:14:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000267 atmosphere Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. pbuttigieg 2013-10-10T08:22:07Z atmospheric water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000268 atmospheric water vapour A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. pbuttigieg 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000269 siltstone A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. pbuttigieg 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000270 claystone Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. pbuttigieg 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000271 clastic sedimentary rock A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. pbuttigieg 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000272 There is debate on the usage of mudstone and mudrock, and some ambiguity is to be expected. Wikipedia: The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. mudstone Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. pbuttigieg 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z calcilutite cementstone ENVO ENVO:01000273 Wikipedia: The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. lime mudstone Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks. pbuttigieg 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000274 slate A structural basin is a geological depression formed by tectonic warping of previously flat lying rock strata. pbuttigieg 2013-10-12T16:30:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000275 structural basin Ice is water frozen into a solid state. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. pbuttigieg 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000277 ice A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. pbuttigieg 2013-10-13T12:15:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000278 pingo scar A mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart. pbuttigieg 2013-10-13T12:20:34Z ice lenses ENVO ENVO:01000279 ice lens A layer is a quantity of some material which has comparable thickness and usually covers some surface. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000281 Preliminary definition. layer A stratum is a layer which is composed of sedimentary rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T16:49:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000282 Preliminary definition. Concepts such as "characteristic" may be problematic. stratum A layer which is part of a lake. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T16:57:43Z ENVO ENVO:01000283 Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline. lake layer A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000284 amictic lake A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO non-meromictic lake ENVO:01000285 holomictic lake A dimitic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during two mixing periods each year. Mixing typically occurs during the spring and autumn, when the lake is "isothermal" (i.e., at the same temperature from the top to the bottom). At this time the water throughout the lake is about 4°C, and, in the absence of any temperature or density differences, the lake readily mixes from top to bottom. These lakes are common in regions with temperate climates. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000286 dimictic lake A polymictic lake is a holomictic lake which is too shallow to allow thermal stratification and which can mix from top to bottom through the ice-free period of the year. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000287 polymictic lake A monomictic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000288 monomictic lake A monomictic lake which is covered by ice throughout much of the year and only mixes when its surface ice melts and the lake lacks thermal stratification. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:23:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000289 cold monomictic lake A monomictic lake which does not freeze and is thermally stratified throughout most of the year, only mixing in winter when cooler temperatures ease stratification. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:26:42Z ENVO ENVO:01000290 warm monomictic lake A cold polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is covered by ice in winter. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:31:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000291 cold polymictic lake A warm polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is not covered by ice at any point during the year. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T17:32:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000292 warm polymictic lake A mass of ice. pbuttigieg 2013-10-15T19:49:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000293 ice mass A deep fissure in rock. pbuttigieg 2013-10-16T00:42:47Z fracture ENVO ENVO:01000294 crevice A layer that is part of a marine water body. pbuttigieg 2013-10-16T11:55:20Z ENVO ENVO:01000295 marine layer A lake bed which is dry. That is, the bed of a dry lake. pbuttigieg 2013-10-16T12:12:53Z ENVO ENVO:01000296 dry lake bed A river where fresh water flows. pbuttigieg 2013-10-16T12:56:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000297 Preliminary definition. freshwater river The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. Together, the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise are called continental margin. Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. pbuttigieg 2013-10-18T00:04:57Z EcoLexicon:continental_margin SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin ENVO ENVO:01000298 continental margin A Taylor column is a column of deflected fluid flow which is formed in a perturbed, rotating fluid, is parallel to the axis of rotation, and extends above the obstacle perturbing the fluid in a rigid manner. pbuttigieg 2013-10-19T11:11:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000299 This is an interesting class. It's not really a column in the sense of a water column, nor is it a current, exactly. It may also occur in any fluid, gaseous or liquid. Taylor column An atmospheric Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Taylor columns often form above islands resulting in vortex streets in the atmosphere. pbuttigieg 2013-10-19T11:12:43Z ENVO vortex street ENVO:01000300 atmospheric Taylor column Brackish water which is part of an estuary. pbuttigieg 2013-10-19T11:30:46Z ENVO ENVO:01000301 estuarine water A portion of environmental material which protrudes through a surface layer. pbuttigieg 2014-04-24T13:12:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000302 This is kept as a general class. One can specify subclasses by identifying the protruding material (e.g. rock outcroup, mineral outcrop, etc ) and the material(s) the protrusion emerges from. Possible logical definition: A portion of ENVO:environmental material which has_quality PATO:"protruding out of" a ENVO:surface layer of an ENVO:environmental material. outcrop An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment A high pressure environment is an environment in which all material entities are exposed to a high ratio of force per unit area. high pressure environment A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy. high temperature environment fresh water environment freshwater environment saline water environment extraterrestrial enviroment A cold environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to low temperatures. The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. cold environment A haline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of salt, typically above 2 molar. haline environment A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. EcoLexicon:agriculture FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:V.CULT SPIRE:Agricultural SWEETRealm:Range cropland ENVO CROPLAND agricultural region cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden cultivated environment A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. ENVO culturing environment anthropogenic environment A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. high osmolarity environment An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. acidic environment An alkaline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high pH, typically greater than a pH of 9. alkaline environment An aquatic environment is an environment in which most parts are surrounded by water. aquatic environment An extreme high temperature environment is a high temperature environment in which entities are exposed to temperatures above 80 degrees Celsius. The lower threshold, 80 degrees Celsius, is derived from the definition of the obsolete class "extreme high temperature habitat" which this class replaces. extreme high temperature environment A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. rocky slope A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. ENVO marine environment ocean water environment sea water environment brackish water environment planetary boundary layer atmospheric boundary layer A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine planetary surface aquatic layer A deep chlorophyll maximum layer is a subsurface layer in an ocean or lake in which the concentration of chlorophyll is at its maximum. subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer deep chlorophyll maximum layer A strand swamp is a swamp that forms linear drainage channels on flatlands. strand swamp A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed. dome swamp A cypress dome swamp is a dome swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress dome swamp Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress dome A cypress strand swamp is a strand swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress strand Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress strand swamp A cypress swamp is a swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress swamp A gravelly slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of gravel. gravelly slope A hillside is a slope that is part of a hill. brae hillside A talus slope is a slope which has a surface layer composed of scree. scree slope talus slope An oasis is a vegetated area located in a desert, supplied with water from a water source which it surrounds, and surrounded by arid soil, sand, or rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Wikipedia:Oasis cienaga oasis A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 vegetated area bone element environment A hydroform is a geographic feature which is primarily composed of water held in shape by an environmental process. Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" hydroform A hypodermic needle is a medical instrument made from a hollow needle. It is commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body of an organism. Wikipedia:Hypodermic_needle ENVO ENVO:02000000 hypodermic needle A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). Wikipedia:Textile ENVO ENVO:02000001 textile Bedclothing is a textile covering used on a bed as a sheet, blanket, or pillowcase. ENVO ENVO:02000002 bedclothing A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ENVO ENVO:02000003 pockmark field Nesting material is an animal habitation consisting of matierals used to cushion, insulate and protect the young of the organism. The adult will use the material to form a protective structure to house and raise their young. Nests are built primarily by birds, but also by mammals, fish, insects and reptiles. ENVO ENVO:02000004 nesting material Livestock is an animal-associated habitat consisting of any domestic or domesticated animal intentionally raised for food or in the production of food or raised as stock to produce food or fibre, in an agricultural setting or for its labour or pen-raised animals raised on licensed game farm operations. Livestock include: bovine animals (including buffalo and bison), ovine animals, porcine animals, caprine animals, , poultry, bees, equine animals, cervidae animals; animals of the genus Lama; ratites (Emu, Ostrich, and Rhea), fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, and enclosed domesticated rabbits or hares raised for human food or fiber. Wikipedia:Livestock ENVO livestock ENVO:02000005 livestock-associated habitat 1 Tissue culture is the culture of cells, tissues or organs in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. Wikipedia:Tissue_culture ENVO ENVO:02000007 tissue culture Cell culture is a growth of cells in vitro in an artificial medium for experimental research. Wikipedia:Cell_culture ENVO ENVO:02000008 cell culture Plant tissue culture is the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. Wikipedia:Plant_tissue_culture ENVO ENVO:02000009 plant tissue culture Organ culture is the aseptic culture of complete living organs of animals and plants outside the body in a suitable culture medium. Animal organs must be small enough to allow the nutrients in the culture medium to penetrate all the cells. Wikipedia:Organ_culture ENVO ENVO:02000010 organ culture ENVO ENVO:02000011 buffalo milk Wikipedia:Camel_milk ENVO ENVO:02000012 camel milk ENVO ENVO:02000013 donkey milk ENVO ENVO:02000014 horse milk ENVO ENVO:02000015 reindeer milk ENVO ENVO:02000016 water buffalo milk ENVO ENVO:02000017 yak milk ENVO ENVO:02000018 zebra milk A natural bodily fluid or secretion such as blood, semen, saliva, blood plasma, intracellular and interstitial fluids. Wikipedia:Bodily_fluid ENVO ENVO:02000019 bodily fluid Blood is a bodily fluid composed of blood plasma and blood cells suspended within the plasma that circulates around the organism's body. Blood performs may important functions including the supplying of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, circulation of white blood cells, detection of antibodes, coagulation, transportation of antibodies and the regulation of pH and body temperature. Wikipedia:Blood ENVO ENVO:02000020 blood Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. Wikipedia:Amniotic_fluid ENVO ENVO:02000021 amniotic fluid Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body. Wikipedia:Excreta ENVO ENVO:02000022 excreta Bile is a bodily fluid consisting of a bitter, yellow or green alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids. Wikipedia:Bile ENVO gall ENVO:02000023 bile Aqueous humour is a bodily fluid consisting of a thick watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea. Wikipedia:Aqueous_humour ENVO ENVO:02000024 aqueous humour Sweat is an excreta consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. Wikipedia:Sweat ENVO ENVO:02000025 sweat Chyme is a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Wikipedia:Chyme chymus ENVO ENVO:02000026 chyme Blood plasma is a bodily fluid that comprises the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. Wikipedia:Blood_plasma ENVO ENVO:02000027 blood plasma Ear was is a bodily fluid consisting of a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, and insects. Wikipedia:Ear_wax cerumen ENVO ENVO:02000028 ear wax Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. CSF is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid CSF Liquor cerebrospinalis ENVO ENVO:02000029 cerebrospinal fluid Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. Wikipedia:Chyle ENVO ENVO:02000030 chyle Breast milk is a bodily fluid produced that is secreted from two milk-secreting glandular organs on a female's chest. Wikipedia:Breast_milk ENVO ENVO:02000031 breast milk Vitreous humor is a bodily fluid consisting of a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. Wikipedia:Vitreous_humor vitreous body vitreous humour ENVO ENVO:02000032 vitreous humor Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. Wikipedia:Pleural_effusion ENVO ENVO:02000033 pleural effusion Tears is a bodily fluid consisting of a drop of the clear salty liquid secreted by glands (lacrimal glands) in the eyes. Tears wet the membrane covering the eye and help rid the eye of irritating substances. Wikipedia:Tears tear ENVO ENVO:02000034 tears Oronasal secretion is a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. ENVO ENVO:02000035 oronasal secretion Saliva is a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. Wikipedia:Saliva ENVO ENVO:02000036 saliva Sebum is an oily bodily fluid secreted from the sebaceous glads that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin. Wikipedia:Sebum ENVO ENVO:02000037 sebum Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. Wikipedia:Pus ENVO ENVO:02000038 pus Synovial fluid is a bodily fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity to form a thin layer at the surface of cartilage. Wikipedia:Synovial_fluid ENVO ENVO:02000039 synovial fluid Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. Wikipedia:Mucus ENVO ENVO:02000040 mucus Lymph is a bodily fluid consisting of a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets. Wikipedia:Lymph ENVO ENVO:02000041 lymph Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. Wikipedia:Interstitial_fluid intercellular fluid tissue fluid ENVO ENVO:02000042 interstitial fluid A biological product is an environmental substrate comprised of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product available to prevent, treat or cure diseases or injuries in man. ENVO ENVO:02000043 biological product Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. Wikipedia:Siliceous_ooze ENVO ENVO:02000044 siliceous ooze Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called "red" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000045 red clay Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000046 calcareous ooze Animal feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin. Fodder refers particularly to food given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves. It includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and also sprouted grains and legumes. Wikipedia:Animal_feed ENVO ENVO:02000047 animal feed Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. ENVO ENVO:02000048 contaminated animal feed Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast. ENVO ENVO:02000049 coastal water body A vegetable with dark green, spear-shaped leaves that can be curled or smooth and are attached to thin stems. Wikipedia:Spinach ENVO ENVO:02000050 spinach A canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight. Wikipedia:Umbrella ENVO ENVO:02000052 umbrella A skin obtained from animals for human use typically from deer or cattle sources used to produce leather, shoes, fashion accessories, musical instruments. Wikipedia:Hide ENVO ENVO:02000053 hide A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. Wikipedia:Bone_meal ENVO ENVO:02000054 bone meal Plant feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed plants. ENVO ENVO:02000055 plant feed A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. ENVO ENVO:02000056 egg product An egg produced by a female chicken. Wikipedia:Chicken_egg ENVO ENVO:02000057 hen's egg product A textile comprised of a pliable material made usually by weaving, felting, or knitting natural or synthetic fibers and filaments. Wikipedia:Cloth ENVO ENVO:02000058 cloth A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter. ENVO ENVO:02000059 surface soil ENVO:00002208 Wikipedia:Apple_cider Wikipedia:Cider cider ENVO ENVO:02000060 apple cider ENVO ENVO:02000061 unpasteurized orange juice A food that is usually sweet and often baked. Cakes normally combine some kind of flour, a sweetening agent (commonly sugar), a binding agent (generally egg, though gluten or starch are often used by lacto-vegetarians and vegans), fats (usually butter, shortening, or margarine, although a fruit puree such as applesauce is sometimes substituted to avoid using fat), a liquid (milk, water or fruit juice), flavors and some form of leavening agent (such as yeast or baking powder), though many cakes lack these ingredients and instead rely on air bubbles in the dough to expand and cause the cake to rise. Cake is often frosted with buttercream or marzipan, and finished with piped borders and crystallized fruit. Wikipedia:Cake ENVO ENVO:02000063 cake ENVO ENVO:02000064 cake icing Wikipedia:Chocolate ENVO ENVO:02000065 chocolate A food involving whipped and cooked milk, sugar and egg yolk mixtures. Wikipedia:Custard ENVO ENVO:02000066 custard A ground meat product, made of beef finely chopped by a meat grinder. Wikipedia:Ground_beef beef mince hamburger meat minced beef ENVO ENVO:02000067 ground beef A food product from a category of domestic birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers including fowl such as chickens, turkeys, and waterfowls such as domestic ducks and geese and other meat birds such as pigeons and doves and games birds including pheasants. Wikipedia:Poultry ENVO ENVO:02000068 poultry product Wikipedia:Duck ENVO ENVO:02000069 duck meat product Wikipedia:Goose ENVO ENVO:02000070 goose meat product Wikipedia:Turkey ENVO ENVO:02000071 turkey meat product SWEETRealm:Mushroom Wikipedia:Mushroom ENVO ENVO:02000072 mushroom Wikipedia:Cantaloupe cantaloup muskmelon ENVO ENVO:02000074 cantaloupe Wikipedia:Potato_salad ENVO ENVO:02000076 potato salad A sauce for a salad. Wikipedia:Salad_dressing ENVO ENVO:02000077 salad dressing Wikipedia:Clam ENVO ENVO:02000078 clam product Wikipedia:Oyster ENVO ENVO:02000079 oyster product Wikipedia:Shellfish ENVO ENVO:02000080 shellfish product A written message from one person to another addressed to a person or organization. ENVO ENVO:02000081 letter ENVO ENVO:02000082 unpasteurized goat milk cheese A family of hard Italian cheeses made from sheep milk. ENVO ENVO:02000083 Pecorino cheese ENVO ENVO:02000084 goat manure ENVO ENVO:02000085 unpasteurized sheep milk cheese ENVO ENVO:02000086 unpasteruized cow milk cheese ENVO ENVO:02000087 unpasteurized camel milk ENVO ENVO:02000088 unpasteurized caprine milk ENVO ENVO:02000089 unpasteurized ovine milk An environment that is determined by an axilla skin. TermGenie 2014-12-15T22:32:00Z ENVO ENVO:08000001 axilla skin environment A manufactured product that is some mixture of chemicals created through some chemical engineering process cjm 2013-04-27T10:32:07Z ENVO ENVO:2000000 chemical product The portion of chemical products obtained by the distillation of a tar that remains heavier than water, notably useful for its anti-septic and preservative properties cjm 2013-04-27T10:35:14Z Wikipedia:Creosote ENVO ENVO:2000001 creosote A wastewater treatment plant that treates industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. cjm 2013-04-27T03:16:01Z ENVO ENVO:2000002 industrial wastewate treatment plant A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. cjm 2013-04-27T03:17:36Z ENVO ENVO:2000003 agricultural wastewater treatment plant A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. cjm 2013-04-27T04:26:24Z EcoLexicon:algal_bloom SWEETRealm:AlgalBloom Wikipedia:Algal_bloom ENVO ENVO:2000004 algal bloom An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. cjm 2013-04-27T04:28:27Z ENVO ENVO:2000005 freshwater algal bloom An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). cjm 2013-04-27T04:49:24Z termite nest ENVO ENVO:2000006 nest of termite anatomical entity environment intestine environment skin environment integumental system environment face skin environment feather environment frozen