]> in_subset has_exact_synonym term replaced by definition has_related_synonym database_cross_reference imported from expand assertion to has_alternative_id has_obo_namespace has_narrow_synonym disconnected_from 1 1 A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) ENVO disconnected_from non_overlapping_with has_broad_synonym part of has part composed Of determined by determined by part of has quality derives from located in surrounded by adjacent to tributary of distributary of has_condition continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. independent continuant A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. dependent continuant A continuant that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. quality specifically dependent continuant A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. material entity An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. anatomical structure material anatomical entity sarcosine primary alcohol urea ethanol pantothenate naphthalene ketone testosterone lipid trimethylamine N-methyl-amino acid N-methylglycine acetamides alkylamines anion arsenate ion arsenic molecular entity benzenes benzoates benzopyrrole beta-alanine derivative chromium molecular entity molecular entity ethanols glycine derivative chemical entity organic heterocyclic compound hydrocarbon hydroxides hydroxybenzoate indoles oxoacid inorganic anion inorganic molecular entity ion methyl-amino acid methylamines modified amino acid molecule monohydroxybenzoate naphthalenes organic heteromonocyclic compound organic anion organic ion aliphatic alcohol oxide oxygen molecular entity pantothenates pantothenic acids polyester macromolecule quinate threonine organic heterobicyclic compound xylene arsenic atom nitrobenzene acetamide carboxylic acid anion arsenate(3-) monocarboxylic acid amide salicylate alcohol tertiary amine amine amide coordination entity organic fundamental parent atom primary amide polyatomic anion heteroorganic entity pnictogen pnictogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity main group element atom pnictogen oxoanion transition element molecular entity metal atom p-block element atom carboxylic acid main group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity cyclic compound homocyclic compound carbocyclic compound hydrogen molecular entity polycyclic compound bicyclic compound ortho-fused compound aromatic compound arene organic aromatic compound monocyclic compound cyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbon heteromonocyclic compound heteropolycyclic compound heterobicyclic compound s-block molecular entity p-block molecular entity d-block molecular entity hydrides alpha-amino acid amino acid chromium group molecular entity organic hydroxy compound organic cyclic compound heteroarene benzenoid aromatic compound macromolecule monocyclic arene polycyclic arene transition element coordination entity fused compound carbopolycyclic compound homopolycyclic compound ortho-fused polycyclic arene steroid 17beta-hydroxy steroid hydroxy steroid organonitrogen compound chromium oxoanion chromium coordination entity chromate(2-) transition element oxoanion oxoanion ortho-fused bicyclic arene ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon heterocyclic organic fundamental parent carbon oxoacid ester nitro compound C-nitro compound monocarboxylic acid anion arsenic oxoanion oxo steroid hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion cyclitol carboxylic acid anion polyatomic entity polyatomic ion saturated organic heterocyclic parent saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent carbonyl compound organic oxo compound carbobicyclic compound 17-hydroxy steroid inorganic ion organochalcogen compound organooxygen compound organic hydride heteroatomic molecular entity carboxamide organonitrogen heterocyclic compound oxacycle organic heteropolycyclic compound polycyclic heteroarene 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid methylindole quinolinemonocarboxylate methylbenzene alkylbenzene chloropicrin dioxane dioxanes 1,4-dioxane 3-oxo steroid nitrobenzenes organic amino compound androstanoid alkyl alcohol organic molecular entity tertiary amino compound nitrohydrocarbon nitroarene nitrogen molecular entity organic polycyclic compound poly(hydroxyalkanoate) poly(hydroxybutyrate) heterocyclic compound kynurenate one-carbon compound organic acid N-alkylglycine organic molecule skatole geographic feature ENVO ENVO:00000000 May appear on a map. Wikipedia:Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature bedding-plane cave A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. ENVO ENVO:00000001 anthropogenic geographic feature ENVO ENVO:00000002 FTT:78 TGN:50001 man-made feature manmade feature administrative region ENVO ENVO:00000004 FTT:1242 FTT:1252 FTT:15 FTT:16 FTT:18 FTT:19 FTT:21 FTT:22 FTT:23 FTT:24 FTT:25 FTT:26 FTT:27 FTT:28 FTT:29 FTT:37 SWEETRealm:AdministrativeRegion TGN:80001 TGN:81099 TGN:81123 Wikipedia:Administrative_region administrative area administrative division administrative entity boundary region civil area district free trade zone governed place leased area (government) leased zone (government) neutral zone (political) prefecture protectorate sheikdom sultanate trade zone first-order administrative region A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. ENVO ENVO:00000005 FTT:414 FTT:569 Geonames:A.ADM1 TGN:81100 countries, 1st order division first level subdivision first-order administrative division fourth-order administrative region A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. ENVO ENVO:00000008 FTT:580 FTT:581 Geonames:A.ADM4 TGN:82402 countries, 4th order division fourth level subdivision fourth-order administrative division national geopolitical entity A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. ENVO ENVO:00000009 FTT:424 FTT:566 FTT:567 FTT:571 SWEETRealm:Country SWEETRealm:State TGN:80006 TGN:81010 TGN:81011 TGN:81102 Wikipedia:Nation country independent nation independent political entity independent sovereign nation nation political entity state transport feature A man-made feature constructed for the purpose of enabling the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. ENVO ENVO:00000010 FTT:83 garden An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. ENVO ENVO:00000011 FTT:31 FTT:743 Geonames:S.GDN PARK TGN:53010 Wikipedia:Garden cropland garden park hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. ENVO ENVO:00000012 FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF OVERFALLS eddy fluvial feature marine feature overfalls tidal ripp upwelling cave system A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. ENVO ENVO:00000013 canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000014 EcoLexicon:canal FTT:129 FTT:395 FTT:407 FTT:408 Geonames:H.CNL SWEETRealm:Canal TGN:51252 Wikipedia:Canal canal canal bend drain (channel) irrigation system lateral watercourse ocean Continuous saline-water bodies that surround the continents and fill the Earth's great depressions. ENVO ENVO:00000015 EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN Ocean SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 Wikipedia:Ocean ocean ocean region sea sea A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. ENVO ENVO:00000016 EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA Sea TGN:21103 Wikipedia:Sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water sea saline hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 dry river A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. ENVO ENVO:00000018 saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. ENVO ENVO:00000019 FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN SalineLake TGN:21116 Wikipedia:Saline_lake lake salina salt lake salt lake salt lake salt lakes soda lake lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. ENVO ENVO:00000020 EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS LAKE Lake SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 Wikipedia:Lake broad catch basin lake lakes llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake open water pasteuer lake tarn freshwater lake A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. ENVO ENVO:00000021 FreshwaterLake SWEETRealm:FreshwaterLake river ENVO ENVO:00000022 EcoLexicon:river FTT:1179 FTT:251 Natural freshwater surface streams of considerable volume and a permanent or seasonal flow, moving in a definite channel toward a sea, lake, or another river; any large streams, or ones larger than brooks or creeks, such as the trunk stream and larger branches of a drainage system. River SPIRE:River SWEETRealm:River TGN:21105 Wikipedia:River braided river rio watercourse stream Creek ENVO ENVO:00000023 EcoLexicon:stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1225 FTT:1261 FTT:303 FTT:371 FTT:593 FTT:721 Geonames:H.STM Geonames:H.STMS Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface. SWEETRealm:Stream Stream TGN:21106 TGN:21107 TGN:21108 TGN:21109 Wikipedia:Stream beck braided stream brook burn (hydrographic) creek fork (hydrographic glacial stream lode millstream rivulet stream stream bend streams watercourse reservoir An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. ENVO ENVO:00000025 EcoLexicon:reservoir FTT:587 FTT:588 FTT:882 Geonames:H.RSV SWEETRealm:Reservoir TGN:51259 Wikipedia:Reservoir covered reservoir lake reservoir well A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000026 EcoLexicon:well FTT:1032 FTT:1237 FTT:833 Geonames:H.WLL Geonames:H.WLLS SWEETRealm:Well TGN:51255 WELL Wikipedia:Well brine well oil well water well well wells spring A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. ENVO ENVO:00000027 EcoLexicon:spring FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNG SPRING SWEETRealm:Spring Spring TGN:21126 seep spring sand pit quarry A quarry from which sand is extracted. ENVO ENVO:00000028 Wikipedia:Sand_pit mine sand pit watercourse A flowing body of water. ENVO ENVO:00000029 EcoLexicon:brook EcoLexicon:course EcoLexicon:culvert EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine EcoLexicon:spillway EcoLexicon:waterway FTT:105 Geonames:H.NRWS Geonames:H.RCH Geonames:H.WTRC Geonames:S.SPLY TGN:21110 TGN:21131 TGN:21133 TGN:21137 TGN:21163 TGN:21499 WATERCOURSE Wikipedia:Watercourse awawa barranca beck branch brook course culvert draw dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode moat narrows narrows narrows (hydrographic) overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rio rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap watercourse waterway dead cave A cave without streams or drips of water. ENVO ENVO:00000030 dry cave wadi A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. ENVO ENVO:00000031 EcoLexicon:wadi FTT:157 FTT:158 FTT:159 FTT:160 FTT:161 FTT:163 FTT:164 Geonames:H.WAD Geonames:H.WADB Geonames:H.WADJ Geonames:H.WADS SWEETRealm:Arroyo SWEETRealm:Wash TGN:21167 TGN:21423 TGN:21424 Wikipedia:Wadi arroyo coulee gully nullah wadi wadi bend wadi junction wadi mouth wadis wash watercourse bay An area of water bordered by land on three sides. ENVO ENVO:00000032 EcoLexicon:bay FTT:190 FTT:232 FTT:235 Geonames:H.BAY Geonames:H.BAYS Geonames:H.BGHT SWEETRealm:Bay TGN:21121 TGN:21123 TGN:21127 Wikipedia:Bay bahia bay bight embayment firth geo gulf inlet sea loch sea lough pond A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. ENVO ENVO:00000033 EcoLexicon:pond FTT:221 FTT:902 FTT:904 FTT:905 Geonames:H.PND Geonames:H.PNDS Geonames:H.POOL POOL Pond SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Pond TGN:21104 TGN:21119 Wikipedia:Pond lake millpond pond ponds pool pool (water body) pool (water body) rapids An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. ENVO ENVO:00000034 EcoLexicon:rapids FTT:212 Geonames:H.RPDS RAPIDS SWEETRealm:Torrent TGN:21162 Wikipedia:Rapids cataract rapids torrent marsh A wetland, featuring grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. ENVO ENVO:00000035 EcoLexicon:marsh FTT:1118 FTT:185 FTT:945 Geonames:H.MRSH Marsh SPIRE:Marsh SWEETRealm:Marsh TGN:21322 Wikipedia:Marsh marsh quagmire wetland irrigation canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000036 FTT:129 FTT:405 Geonames:H.CNLI canal irrigation canal ditch A small artificial watercourse dug for draining or irrigating the land. ENVO ENVO:00000037 EcoLexicon:drain FTT:129 FTT:400 FTT:403 Geomames:DTCH SWEETRealm:Drain TGN:51256 Wikipedia:Ditch agricultural drain canal ditch drain watercourse lagoon A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. ENVO ENVO:00000038 EcoLexicon:lagoon FTT:221 FTT:898 FTT:899 Geonames:H.LGN Geonames:H.LGNS LAGOON Lagoon SWEETRealm:Lagoon TGN:21125 Wikipedia:Lagoon barrier lagoon lagoon lagoons laguna lake fjord A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. ENVO ENVO:00000039 EcoLexicon:fiord FTT:231 FTT:690 FTT:704 Fjord Geonames:H.FJD Geonames:H.FJDS SWEETRealm:Fiord SWEETRealm:Fjord TGN:21122 Wikipedia:Fjord fiord fjord fjords inlet loch waterfall A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. ENVO ENVO:00000040 EcoLexicon:force EcoLexicon:waterfall FTT:435 FTT:436 FTT:439 FTT:680 Geonames:H.FLLS TGN:21161 TGN:21166 WATERFALL Wikipedia:Waterfall cascade cataract fall falls force linn waterfalls Should this be a hydroform? tidal creek A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. ENVO ENVO:00000041 FTT:105 FTT:1223 Geonames:H.CRKT Wikipedia:Tidal_creek stream tidal creek drainage canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. ENVO ENVO:00000042 FTT:129 FTT:401 Geonames:H.CNLD canal drainage canal wetland An area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. ENVO ENVO:00000043 EcoLexicon:wetland EstuarineWetland FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:H.WTLD LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Wetland TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 TerrestialWetland WETLAND Wetland WetlandRegion Wikipedia:Wetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire moor morass mud flat muskeg peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands wetland peatland A wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. ENVO ENVO:00000044 EcoLexicon:peat_bog FTT:1061 FTT:185 FTT:281 FTT:983 Geonames:H.BOG Peatland SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Peatland TGN:21304 Wikipedia:Peatland bog mire morass muskeg peat bog wetland estuary A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. ENVO ENVO:00000045 EcoLexicon:estuary Estuary FTT:234 Geonames:H.ESTY SWEETRealm:Estuary TGN:21152 Wikipedia:Estuary estuary inlet mouth hedge A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. ENVO ENVO:00000046 HEDGE Wikipedia:Hedge hedgerow shelter belt canopy ENVO ENVO:00000047 EcoLexicon:canopy SWEETRealm:Canopy Wikipedia:Canopy navigation canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. ENVO ENVO:00000048 EcoLexicon:navigation_channel FTT:409 FTT:467 Geonames:H.CHNN Geonames:H.CNLN TGN:51257 navigation canal navigation canal navigation channel navigation channel ship cannal geyser A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. ENVO ENVO:00000050 EcoLexicon:geyser FTT:755 GEYSER Geonames:H.GYSR TGN:21171 Wikipedia:Geyser geyser thermal feature hot spring A spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. ENVO ENVO:00000051 EcoLexicon:thermal_spring FTT:732 FTT:815 Geonames:H.SPNT Wikipedia:Hot_spring hot spring hotspring spring thermal feature thermal spring crater lake A lake contained within a volcanic crater. ENVO ENVO:00000052 FTT:384 FTT:590 Geonames:H.LKC Geonames:H.LKSC TGN:21138 Wikipedia:Crater_lake caldera lake crater lake crater lakes lake freshwater marsh A marsh associated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. ENVO ENVO:00000053 saline marsh A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. ENVO ENVO:00000054 EcoLexicon:salt_marsh FTT:1190 FTT:185 Geonames:H.MRSHN TGN:21323 Wikipedia:Saline_marsh salt marsh salt marsh salting tidal marsh wetland It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline evaporation pond A shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested. ENVO ENVO:00000055 FTT:221 FTT:906 FTT:908 Geonames:H.MFGN Geonames:H.PNDN Geonames:H.PNDSN Wikipedia:Salt_evaporation_pond lake salt evaporation pond salt pond salt ponds saltern fishpond A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. ENVO ENVO:00000056 FTT:221 FTT:696 FTT:701 Geonames:H.PNDSF Wikipedia:Fishpond fish pond fishponds lake mangrove swamp An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. ENVO ENVO:00000057 EcoLexicon:mangrove_swamp FTT:185 FTT:934 Geonames:H.MGV MangroveForest Wikipedia:Mangrove_swamp mangal mangrove swamp wetland woodland underground lake A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. ENVO ENVO:00000058 FTT:445 FTT:449 Geonames:H.LKSB TGN:21188 Wikipedia:Underground_lake cave underground lake underground river A river that is under the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00000059 TGN:21187 Wikipedia:Underground_river underground stream A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00000060 underground water body A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. ENVO ENVO:00000061 populated place ENVO ENVO:00000062 FTT:1097 FTT:33 Geonames:P.PPL Geonames:P.PPLS Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. TGN:22201 TGN:83002 Wikipedia:Populated_place inhabited place inhabited region place populated locality populated place populated places settlement water body An accumulation of water of varying size. ENVO ENVO:00000063 EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 Wikipedia: The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. Wikipedia:Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water hydrographic feature waterbody road An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. ENVO ENVO:00000064 EcoLexicon:road FTT:1058 FTT:1183 FTT:1185 FTT:1187 FTT:431 FTT:443 FTT:646 FTT:798 FTT:884 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RD Geonames:R.ST ROAD SWEETRealm:Highway TGN:53151 TGN:53153 TGN:53154 TGN:53157 Wikipedia:Road accessway alley avenue board walk boulevard caravan route cart track causeway drive drove farm lane freeway highway intersection lane parkway road road bend road junction roadway street thorofare thoroughfare thruway traffic circle turnpike railway A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. ENVO ENVO:00000065 FTT:1132 FTT:960 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RR RAILWAY TGN:53155 Wikipedia:Railway railroad railroad feature man-made tunnel A tunnel constructed by human means. ENVO ENVO:00000066 FTT:1136 FTT:1184 FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:R.TNL Geonames:R.TNLRD Geonames:R.TNLRR Geonames:R.TNLS TGN:51845 Wikipedia:Tunnel canal tunnel railroad tunnel road tunnel tunnel tunnels underpass cave CAVE Cave ENVO ENVO:00000067 FTT:1071 FTT:443 FTT:445 FTT:446 FTT:447 Geonames:S.CAVE Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. SWEETRealm:Cave TGN:21485 TGN:21486 Wikipedia:Cave cave cavern grotto notch tunnel An underground or underwater passage. ENVO ENVO:00000068 FTT:445 FTT:448 Geonames:R.TNLN SWEETRealm:Tunnel TGN:21447 TUNNEL Wikipedia:Tunnel cave natural tunnel distributary A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. ENVO ENVO:00000069 FTT:636 Geonames:H.STMD Wikipedia:Distributary distributary stream stream distributary watercourse constructed feature A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort. ENVO ENVO:00000070 fault cave A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. ENVO ENVO:00000071 aquaduct ENVO ENVO:00000072 FTT:128 Geonames:H.CNLA SWEETRealm:Aqueduct Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. TGN:51258 WATERCOURSE BRIDGE Wikipedia:Aquaduct aqueduct building A permanent walled and roofed construction. BUILDING ENVO ENVO:00000073 FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG TGN:51011 Wikipedia:Building building dam A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. DAM Dam ENVO ENVO:00000074 EcoLexicon:dam FTT:599 FTT:600 Geonames:S.DAM SWEETRealm:Dam TGN:51253 Wikipedia:Dam barrage dam dam site bridge A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. BRIDGE ENVO ENVO:00000075 EcoLexicon:bridge FTT:297 Geonames:S.BDG TGN:51841 Wikipedia:Bridge bridge covered bridge footbridge overpass mine An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. ENVO ENVO:00000076 EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN MINE TGN:54211 TGN:54212 Wikipedia:Mine mine site agricultural feature AgriculturalLands ENVO ENVO:00000077 FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site bailing station barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard farm A tract of crop or grazing land, as well as the group of buildings with and often surrounding a farmhouse, including barns, sheds, and other outbuildings, used for agricultural production. ENVO ENVO:00000078 FARM FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.FRM Geonames:S.FRMS Geonames:S.RNCH TGN:54011 Wikipedia:Farm agricultural site farm farms farmstead nursery ranch flume An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. ENVO ENVO:00000079 EcoLexicon:flume FTT:129 FTT:404 Wikipedia:Flume canal flume (manmade) watercourse mountain range A series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges. ENVO ENVO:00000080 EcoLexicon:mountain_range FTT:548 FTT:995 FTT:997 Geonamaes:MTS MOUNT RANGE SWEETRealm:MountainRange TGN:21431 TGN:21432 Wikipedia:Mountain_range cordillera mountain chain mountain group mountain range mountain system sierra mountain A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m. ENVO ENVO:00000081 EcoLexicon:mountain FTT:1000 FTT:118 FTT:460 FTT:548 FTT:713 FTT:896 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MT Geonames:T.MTS Mountain SWEETRealm:Mountain TGN:21430 TGN:21434 Wikipedia:Mountain cerro cordillera foothill knoll mound mount mountain mountains hill range A group of hills bordered by lowlands. ENVO ENVO:00000082 hill A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. ENVO ENVO:00000083 EcoLexicon:hill FTT:118 FTT:468 FTT:713 FTT:799 FTT:896 Geonames:T.HLL Geonames:T.HLLS SWEETRealm:Hill TGN:21437 TGN:21438 Wikipedia:Hill cerro foothill hill hillock hills knoll mount mountain mountain pass A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. ENVO ENVO:00000084 EcoLexicon:mountain_pass FTT:510 FTT:612 FTT:738 FTT:739 FTT:740 Geonames:T.GAP Geonames:T.PASS Geonames:T.SDL SWEETRealm:Pass TGN:21433 TGN:21436 TGN:21524 Wikipedia:Mountain_pass col defile gap notch pass pass saddle saddle (physiographic) sill (physiographic) alpine glacier A glacier found in mountain terrain. ENVO ENVO:00000085 Wikipedia:Alpine_glacier plain A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. ENVO ENVO:00000086 EcoLexicon:plain FTT:707 FTT:874 FTT:926 Geonames:T.PLN PLAIN Plain SWEETRealm:Plain TGN:21461 Wikipedia:Plain interfluve llanos outwash plain plain cliff A high, steep, or overhanging face of rock. CLIFF ENVO ENVO:00000087 EcoLexicon:cliff FTT:268 FTT:269 FTT:491 FTT:492 Geonames:T.CLF SWEETRealm:Cliff TGN:21487 TGN:21488 Wikipedia:Cliff beach scarp bluff ceja cliff ice cliff palisade precipice scar scarp scaw scraps sea cliff A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. ENVO ENVO:00000088 Wikipedia:Sea_cliff coastal cliff marine cliff inland cliff ENVO ENVO:00000089 EcoLexicon:crag FTT:589 crag coastal plain An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast and separated from the interior by other features. ENVO ENVO:00000090 EcoLexicon:coastal_plain EcoLexicon:coastal_zone FTT:240 FTT:499 FTT:500 FTT:501 FTT:502 FTT:503 FTT:504 SWEETRealm:CoastalPlain Wikipedia:Coastal_plain coast coastal zone intertidal zone offshore area plain, coast shore shoreline beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. Beach ENVO ENVO:00000091 EcoLexicon:beach EcoLexicon:to_beach FTT:237 FTT:239 Geonames:T.BCH Geonames:T.BCHS SWEETRealm:Beach TGN:21482 Wikipedia:Beach beach beach berm beaches foreshore flats lagoon beach rivage strand sea beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea. ENVO ENVO:00000092 Wikipedia:Strand strand lacustrine beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake. ENVO ENVO:00000093 volcanic feature A feature associated with a volcano, an opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000094 FTT:591 TGN:21407 volcanic landform lava field A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. ENVO ENVO:00000095 EcoLexicon:lava_flow FTT:916 FTT:917 Geonames:T.LAVA TGN:21612 Wikipedia:Lava_field lava area lava flow lava plain caldera A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. ENVO ENVO:00000096 FTT:384 Geonames:T.CLDA TGN:21409 Wikipedia:Caldera caldera crater desert A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. DESERT ENVO ENVO:00000097 EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 Wikipedia:Desert arid region desert island Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. BarrierIsland ENVO ENVO:00000098 EcoLexicon:island FTT:147 FTT:450 FTT:886 FTT:887 FTT:888 FTT:889 Geonames:T.ISL Geonames:T.ISLS ISLAND IslandArc SWEETRealm:Island TGN:21468 TGN:21469 TGN:21471 TGN:21475 Wikipedia:Island barrier island cay eyot holm hummock island island arc islands isle islet key key (island) artificial island An island constructed by human effort. ENVO ENVO:00000099 FTT:1023 FTT:171 Geonames:T.ISLF Wikipedia:Artificial_island artificial island offshore platform valley A depression caused by erosion by water or ice. Low-lying land bordered by higher ground; especially elongate, relatively large gently sloping depressions of the Earth's surface, commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills or mountains, and often containing a stream with an outlet. ENVO ENVO:00000100 EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 VALLEY Wikipedia:Valley chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough glen goe gorge graben gulch gully hollow lavaka median valley moat ravine re-entrant seachannel shelf valley strath trench vale valley valleys water gap delta A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. DELTA Delta ENVO ENVO:00000101 EcoLexicon:delta FTT:97 Geonames:T.DLTA SWEETRealm:Delta TGN:21164 TGN:21422 Wikipedia:Delta alluvial fan bay delta canyon delta delta fan fan delta outwash outwash plain pass (delta) cave entrance Cueva de Altamira ENVO ENVO:00000102 FTT:444 mangrove island An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. ENVO ENVO:00000103 FTT:147 FTT:891 Geonames:T.ISLM island mangrove island undersea feature ENVO ENVO:00000104 EcoLexicon:fan EcoLexicon:platform EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:1020 FTT:1137 FTT:1176 FTT:1193 FTT:1194 FTT:1195 FTT:1196 FTT:5 FTT:810 FTT:984 Geonames:FRKU Geonames:FRSU Geonames:MDVU Geonames:PLFU Geonames:RAVU Geonames:RMPU Geonames:U.BSNU Geonames:U.EDGU Geonames:U.ESCU Geonames:U.FANU Geonames:U.FLTU Geonames:U.FURU Geonames:U.GAPU Geonames:U.GLYU Geonames:U.HOLU Geonames:U.LDGU Geonames:U.LEVU Geonames:U.PLNU Geonames:U.PLTU Geonames:U.PNLU Geonames:U.PRVU Geonames:U.RDGU Geonames:U.RDSU Geonames:U.RISU Geonames:U.SDLU Geonames:U.SHVU Geonames:U.SILU Geonames:U.SPRU Geonames:U.TERU Geonames:U.VALU Geonames:U.VLSU TGN:23001 TGN:23116 TGN:23117 TGN:23118 TGN:23135 TGN:23162 TGN:23181 TGN:23182 TGN:23183 TGN:23184 TGN:23188 TGN:23192 TGN:23193 TGN:23194 TGN:23195 TGN:23196 TGN:23211 TGN:23212 TGN:23301 TGN:23411 TGN:23412 TGN:23413 TGN:23415 TGN:23421 TGN:23423 TGN:23424 TGN:23431 TGN:23453 TGN:23461 TGN:23463 TGN:23467 TGN:23550 basin escarpment fan flat fork forks furrow gap gully hole hole (seafloor) ledge levee median valley moat (seafloor) ocean floor feature pinnacle plain plateau platform province ramp ramp (seafloor) ravine ridge ridges rise rise (seafloor) saddle seafloor feature shelf edge sill spur subsea feature terrace tongue (seafloor) undersea bank undersea basin undersea bench undersea cliff undersea fan undersea fork undersea fracture zone undersea furrow undersea gap undersea hole undersea ledge undersea levee undersea median valley undersea moat undersea peak undersea pinnacle undersea plain undersea platform undersea ramp undersea rise undersea saddle undersea shelf undersea shelf edge undersea shelf valley undersea sill undersea slope undersea spur undersea terrace undersea tongue undersea valley underwater feature valley valleys lake surface ENVO ENVO:00000105 grassland An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. ENVO ENVO:00000106 EcoLexicon:grassland FTT:259 FTT:760 FTT:766 GRASSLAND Geonames:V.GRSLD Grassland TGN:21604 TGN:54052 Wikipedia:Grassland down downland downs glade grassland grazing area herbaceous area range heath An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. ENVO ENVO:00000107 FTT:1191 FTT:792 Geonames:V.HTH SPIRE:Heath TGN:21609 Wikipedia:Heath heath shrubland wetland woodland meadow A habitat of rolling or flat terrain where grasses predominate. Typically, what is called a meadow has more biodiversity than a grassland as the former contains not only grasses but a significant variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants. ENVO ENVO:00000108 FTT:259 FTT:767 Geonames:V.MDW TGN:21613 Wikipedia:Meadow grassland hay meadow meadow woodland ENVO ENVO:00000109 EcoLexicon:coniferous_forest EcoLexicon:shrub EcoLexicon:taiga FTT:1083 FTT:505 FTT:506 FTT:719 FTT:774 Geonames:V.GRVPN Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. SWEETRealm:Break SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21631 TGN:21632 TGN:21641 WOODLAND Wikipedia:Woodland bamboo break brigalow brush bush caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub pine grove rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest tropical rain forest wood wooded area lava tunnel A tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out. ENVO ENVO:00000110 forest An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. ENVO ENVO:00000111 EcoLexicon:forest FTT:258 FTT:506 FTT:715 FTT:717 Geonames:V.FRST SWEETRealm:Forest TGN:21641 TGN:21642 TGN:21645 Wikipedia:Forest copse forest forest reserve grove national forest wood woodland tundra Arctic land ENVO ENVO:00000112 EcoLexicon:tundra FTT:151 FTT:152 Geonames:V.TUND SWEETRealm:Tundra TGN:21611 TUNDRA Treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil, and usually supporting low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs. TundraEcosystem Wikipedia:Tundra tundra field An area of land, usually relatively small, enclosed or otherwise and used for agricultural purposes. ENVO ENVO:00000114 EcoLexicon:field FTT:45 FTT:61 Geonames:L.FLD SWEETRealm:Field TGN:21456 agricultural site cropland field grassland orchard An intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production. ENVO ENVO:00000115 EcoLexicon:orchard FTT:45 FTT:66 Geonames:V.OCH TGN:54014 Wikipedia:Orchard agricultural site cropland orchard vineyard A place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes. ENVO ENVO:00000116 FTT:45 FTT:77 Geonames:V.VIN Geonames:V.VINS TGN:54015 Wikipedia:Vineyard agricultural site cropland vineyard vineyards plantation An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. ENVO ENVO:00000117 FTT:45 FTT:68 TGN:54041 Wikipedia:Plantation agricultural site cropland plantation field coconut plantation ENVO ENVO:00000118 FTT:505 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVC coconut grove wood planted forest A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. ENVO ENVO:00000119 oil palm plantation ENVO ENVO:00000120 FTT:45 FTT:65 Geonames:S.ESTO Geonames:V.GRVP agricultural site oil palm plantation palm grove artificial channel ENVO ENVO:00000121 EcoLexicon:artificial_channel flume improved channel track A small road, generally not paved. ENVO ENVO:00000122 EcoLexicon:path EcoLexicon:trail FTT:1057 Geonames:R.TRL SWEETRealm:Path TGN:53158 footpath path trail political entity A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. ENVO ENVO:00000123 FTT:1093 Geonames:A.PCL TGN:80002 political entity supranational geopolitical entity A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. ENVO ENVO:00000124 mineral spring A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows. ENVO ENVO:00000125 FTT:981 FTT:982 Wikipedia:Mineral_spring spring spring (hydrographic) sulfur spring A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved derivatives of sulfur. ENVO ENVO:00000126 FTT:1215 FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNS spring (hydrographic) sulphur spring badland An arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water. ENVO ENVO:00000127 FTT:186 FTT:187 Geonames:T.BDLD TGN:21205 Wikipedia:Badlands badlands barren land dry valley A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. ENVO ENVO:00000128 Wikipedia:Dry_valley stream valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. ENVO ENVO:00000129 EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:159 FTT:420 Geonames:H.RVN TGN:21427 gullie ravine reef A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. ENVO ENVO:00000130 EcoLexicon:reef FTT:202 FTT:203 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RF Geonames:U.RFSU Geonames:U.RFU REEF SPIRE:Reef TGN:21479 Wikipedia:Reef atoll reef bank reef barrier reef fringing reef ledge reef reef flat reefs shore reef submerged reef glacial feature A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. ENVO ENVO:00000131 EcoLexicon:ice FTT:648 Ice LandIce SWEETRealm:LandIce TGN:21410 glacer glacial landform glacier feature ice sheet A mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2. Arctic pack ENVO ENVO:00000132 ENVO:00000379 FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:837 ICE FIELD SWEETRealm:IceSheet TGN:21147 Wikipedia:Ice_sheet bay ice continental glacier continental ice glacial tongue ice field ice mass island ice pack ice polar ice polar ice pack rock glacier shelf ice glacier A large, slow moving river of ice, formed from compacted layers of snow, that slowly deforms and flows in response to gravity. ENVO ENVO:00000133 EcoLexicon:glacier FTT:648 FTT:756 Geonames:H.GLCR Glacier RockGlacier SWEETRealm:Glacier TGN:21141 Wikipedia:Glacier glacial feature glacier ice field rock glacier permafrost ENVO ENVO:00000134 EcoLexicon:permafrost Permafrost Soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. Wikipedia:Permafrost buffer zone A geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason. ENVO ENVO:00000135 FTT:17 Geonames:A.ZNB Wikipedia:Buffer_zone administrative area buffer zone demilitiarized zone A geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. DEMILITIARIZED ZONE DMZ ENVO ENVO:00000136 FTT:1253 FTT:20 Wikipedia:DMZ adminstrative area boundary neutral zone coastal inlet An opening of the sea into the land. ENVO ENVO:00000137 FTT:463 TGN:21128 coastal inlet cove A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. ENVO ENVO:00000138 EcoLexicon:cove FTT:190 FTT:229 Geonames:H.COVE SWEETRealm:Cove TGN:21120 Wikipedia:Cove bayou cove inlet irrigation ditch A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. ENVO ENVO:00000139 FTT:129 FTT:406 Geonames:H.DTCHI canal irrigation ditch drainage ditch A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. ENVO ENVO:00000140 EcoLexicon:drainage_ditch FTT:129 FTT:402 Geonames:H.DTCHD canal drainage ditch rhyne bank ENVO ENVO:00000141 EcoLexicon:bank FTT:195 SWEETRealm:Bank TGN:21466 The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. mount shore stream bank ENVO ENVO:00000142 FTT:195 FTT:196 Geonames:H.BNKR The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. Wikipedia:Stream_bank bank (hydrographic) stream bank river bank ENVO ENVO:00000143 TGN:21155 The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. Wikipedia:River_bank riverbank ice cap A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). ENVO ENVO:00000145 FTT:841 Geonames:H.CAPG SPIRE:Ice_cap SWEETRealm:IceCap TGN:21140 Wikipedia:Ice_cap ice field icecap snow field A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. ENVO ENVO:00000146 FTT:1208 Geonames:L.SNOW SNOWFIELD SnowField TGN:21146 Wikipedia:Snow_field snowfield snowfield ocean current Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ENVO ENVO:00000147 EcoLexicon:ocean_current FTT:597 FTT:598 Geonames:H.CRNT SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. Wikipedia:Ocean_current current ocean current riffle A shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones. ENVO ENVO:00000148 EcoLexicon:riffle Wikipedia:Riffle artificial reef Chains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man. ENVO ENVO:00000149 Wikipedia:Artificial_reef coral reef Aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water. CoralReef ENVO ENVO:00000150 EcoLexicon:coral_reef FTT:202 FTT:547 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RFC Wikipedia:Coral_reef barrier reef coral reef fringing reef reef sabkha An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment. ENVO ENVO:00000151 FTT:705 FTT:706 Geonames:H.SBKH SWEETRealm:Sabkha TGN:21368 Wikipedia:Sabkha basin flat sabkha anabranch A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main course and rejoins later. ENVO ENVO:00000152 FTT:104 Geonames:H.STMA TGN:21136 Wikipedia:Anabranch anabranch stream watercourse headwater ENVO ENVO:00000153 FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1259 FTT:220 FTT:644 Geonames:H.STMH HEADWATER TGN:21181 The upper part of a river system, denoting the upper basin and source streams of a river. Wikipedia:Headwater drainage basin headstream headwaters source stream flood meadow An area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. ENVO ENVO:00000154 Wikipedia:Flood_meadow water meadow cirque A deep natural hollow near the crest of a mountain, usually formed by a glacier. CIRQUE Cirque ENVO ENVO:00000155 FTT:218 FTT:481 Geonames:T.CRQ Geonames:T.CRQS TGN:21496 Wikipedia:Cirque cirque cirques coomb coombe corrie cwm desert oasis A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. ENVO ENVO:00000156 EcoLexicon:oasis FTT:261 Geonames:L.OAS OASIS TGN:21202 Wikipedia:Oasis oasis peat cut An artificial working of peatland to remove the peat. ENVO ENVO:00000157 FTT:1060 Geonames:L.PEAT peat cutting peat cutting area wetland causeway A road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. ENVO ENVO:00000158 EcoLexicon:causeway FTT:443 Geonames:R.CSWY TGN:53156 Wikipedia:Causeway causeway road sugar plantation ENVO ENVO:00000159 FTT:45 FTT:75 Geonames:S.ESTSG Wikipedia:Sugar_plantation agricultural site sugar plantation sisal plantation ENVO ENVO:00000160 FTT:45 FTT:73 Geonames:ESTSL agricultural site sisal plantation banana plantation ENVO ENVO:00000161 FTT:45 FTT:49 Geonames:ESTB Wikipedia:Banana_plantation agricultural site banana plantation tea plantation ENVO ENVO:00000162 FTT:45 FTT:76 Geonames:S.ESTT agricultural site tea estate tea plantation coffee plantation ENVO ENVO:00000163 rubber plantation ENVO ENVO:00000164 FTT:45 FTT:71 Geonames:S.ESTR agricultural site rubber plantation asphalt lake A lake formed of a natural deposit of alphalt, a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid composed of fossil hydrocarbons. ENVO ENVO:00000165 EcoLexicon:tar_pit FTT:174 FTT:175 Geonames:T.ASPH TGN:21369 Wikipedia:Tar_pit asphalt lake basin tar pit atoll An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. ENVO ENVO:00000166 EcoLexicon:atoll FTT:127 FTT:450 Geonames:T.ATOL REEF, ISLAND SWEETRealm:Atoll TGN:21472 Wikipedia:Atoll atoll atoll coral atoll island reef bar A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. BAR ENVO ENVO:00000167 EcoLexicon:bar FTT:1195 FTT:206 FTT:208 FTT:209 FTT:210 FTT:5 Geonames:H.BNK Geonames:H.SHOL Geonames:T.BAR Geonames:U.BKSU Geonames:U.BNKU Geonames:U.SHLU Geonames:U.SHSU Geonames:U.TNGU SWEETRealm:Bar Shoal TGN:21177 TGN:21480 TGN:21531 TGN:23191 ball bank bank (hydrographic) banks (seafloor) bar bar (physiographic) barrier beach barrier island bay bar bay barrier bay head bar baymouth bar cuspate bar cuspate spit hook hooked spit longshore bar marsh bar offshore bar point recurved spit sand bank sand bar sand hom sand lobe sand spit sandbar seafloor feature shoal shoal patches shoals spit tongue tongue (seafloor) transverse bar undersea shoal blowhole A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. ENVO ENVO:00000168 EcoLexicon:blowhole FTT:266 Geonames:T.BLHL TGN:21172 Wikipedia:Blowhole blowhole canyon ENVO ENVO:00000169 EcoLexicon:canyon FTT:165 FTT:200 FTT:415 FTT:416 FTT:417 FTT:418 FTT:419 FTT:420 FTT:511 Geonames:T.CNYN Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. SWEETRealm:Canyon TGN:21424 TGN:21426 TGN:21427 TGN:21429 Wikipedia:Canyon barranca chasm defile flume (natural) gap gorge gulch quebrada ravine valley dune A hill of sand built by eolian processes. Dune ENVO ENVO:00000170 EcoLexicon:dune FTT:238 FTT:241 FTT:652 Geonames:T.DUNE SWEETRealm:Dune TGN:21419 TGN:21505 Wikipedia:Dune dune interdune trough mount ridge sand dune sand hill sandy area river valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. ENVO ENVO:00000171 Wikipedia:River_valley sandy desert ENVO ENVO:00000172 EcoLexicon:sandy_area FTT:188 FTT:238 FTT:616 Geonames:T.ERG Geonames:T.SAND TGN:21203 desert sand desert sandy area sandy desert rocky desert ENVO ENVO:00000173 FTT:188 FTT:615 Geonames:T.HMDA TGN:21204 desert rock desert isthmus ENVO ENVO:00000174 EcoLexicon:isthmus FTT:892 Geonames:T.ISTH ISTHMUS Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. SWEETRealm:Isthmus TGN:21473 TGN:21478 Wikipedia:Isthmus isthmus land bridge neck submarine isthmus karst A feature shaped by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. These landscapes display distinctive surface features and underground drainages, and in some examples there may be little or no surface drainage. ENVO ENVO:00000175 EcoLexicon:karst FTT:894 Geonames:T.KRST SWEETRealm:Karst TGN:21509 Wikipedia:Karst karst karst area elevation A landform elevated above the surrounding area. ENVO ENVO:00000176 SWEETRealm:Elevation Wikipedia:Elevation moraine An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. ENVO ENVO:00000177 EcoLexicon:moraine FTT:759 Geonames:T.MRN MORAINE TGN:21414 Wikipedia:Moraine glacial moraine moraine levee An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. EMBANKMENT ENVO ENVO:00000178 EcoLexicon:levee FTT:197 FTT:21 FTT:252 FTT:619 FTT:670 FTT:921 Geonames:S.DIKE Geonames:T.LEV REVETMENT SWEETRealm:Dike TGN:51251 TGN:51263 Wikipedia:Levee berm dike dike (manmade) dyke embankment levee revetment mesa An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. ENVO ENVO:00000179 FTT:376 FTT:377 Geonames:T.MESA SWEETRealm:Mesa TGN:21422 Wikipedia:Mesa butte mesa plateau mound A rounded elevated area. ENVO ENVO:00000180 FTT:118 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MND TGN:21458 Wikipedia:Mound mound mount nunatak "peak" in the definition is understood as a synonym of mount, rather than of summit. Nunataks may also refer to areas of ridges. The definition and placement of this class may need to be revised. ENVO ENVO:00000181 FTT:648 FTT:757 FTT:80 Geonames:T.NTK Geonames:T.NTKS TGN:21495 The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. Wikipedia:Nunatak glacier feature mountain summit nunatak nunataks peak plateau An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. ENVO ENVO:00000182 EcoLexicon:plateau FTT:1080 FTT:1090 FTT:1091 FTT:788 Geonames:T.PLAT Geonames:T.UPLD PLATEAU Plateau SWEETRealm:Plateau TGN:21441 TGN:21493 TGN:21494 Wikipedia:Plateau highland intermontane plateau plateau table mountain tableknoll tableland tablemount upland stony desert A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones. ENVO ENVO:00000183 FTT:188 FTT:617 Geonames:T.REG desert stony desert hanging valley A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. ENVO ENVO:00000184 FTT:166 FTT:784 Geonames:T.VALG TGN:21514 Wikipedia:Hanging_valley hanging valley valley raised mire ENVO ENVO:00000185 Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. SWEETRealm:RaisedBog raised bog wetland string mire ENVO ENVO:00000186 Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain. Wikipedia:String_bog string bog wetland tundra mire ENVO ENVO:00000187 Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. paisa mire ENVO ENVO:00000188 Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. These develop where the ground surface is frozen only for part of the year, and are common in the former USSR, Canada and parts of Scandinavia. peat swamp ENVO ENVO:00000189 Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. This type of peatland covers around 350,000 km2, primarily in south-east Asia but also occurring in the Everglades in Florida. Wikipedia:Peat_swamp abyssal feature Abyssalhill ENVO ENVO:00000190 EcoLexicon:abyssal_hill FTT:1020 FTT:2 FTT:4 Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. abyssal hill ocean floor feature physiographic feature ENVO ENVO:00000191 EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature landform mudflat A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. ENVO ENVO:00000192 EcoLexicon:mud_flat FTT:1001 FTT:185 Geonames:H.FLTM SPIRE:Mudflat SWEETRealm:MudFlat Wikipedia:Mudflat mud flat mud flat wetland olive grove ENVO ENVO:00000193 FTT:1033 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVO Wikipedia:Olive_grove olive grove wood scree Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. ENVO ENVO:00000194 EcoLexicon:scree FTT:1078 FTT:96 Geonames:T.TAL SWEETRealm:Talus TALUS TGN:21508 Wikipedia:Scree physiographic feature talus slope sinkhole A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. ENVO ENVO:00000195 EcoLexicon:sink_hole FTT:1073 FTT:1074 Geonames:T.SINK SWEETRealm:Sink TGN:21371 Wikipedia:Sinkhole basin cenote sink alkaline flat A dry lakebed consisting of fine-grained sediments infused with alkali salts. Generally the shore or bed of an endorheic lake. ENVO ENVO:00000196 FTT:223 FTT:477 FTT:706 FTT:895 SWEETRealm:Playa chott kavir playa salina endorheic lake A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. ENVO ENVO:00000197 EcoLexicon:endorheic_lake Wikipedia:Endorheic_lake subglacial lake A lake permanently covered by ice. ENVO ENVO:00000198 Wikipedia:Subglacial_lake meromictic lake A lake which has layers of water which do not intermix. The deepest layer of water in such a lake does not contain any dissolved oxygen. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living organisms to stir them up. ENVO ENVO:00000199 EcoLexicon:meromictic_lake_ periglacial lake A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. ENVO ENVO:00000200 Wikipedia:Periglacial_lake fjord lake A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. ENVO ENVO:00000201 Wikipedia:Fjord_lake oxbow lake A lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. ENVO ENVO:00000202 EcoLexicon:ox-bow_lake FTT:221 FTT:903 Geonames:H.LKO TGN:21139 Wikipedia:Oxbow_lake lake oxbow oxbow lake rift lake A lake which forms as a result of subsidence along a geological fault in the Earth's tectonic plates. ENVO ENVO:00000203 Wikipedia:Rift_lake ephemeral spring A spring whose flow is intermittent. ENVO ENVO:00000204 permanent spring A spring whose flow is continuous. ENVO ENVO:00000205 neritic zone ENVO ENVO:00000206 EcoLexicon:neritic_zone SWEETRealm:NeriticZone The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf. Wikipedia:Neritic_zone oceanic zone ENVO ENVO:00000207 EcoLexicon:oceanic_zone OceanLayer The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf. pelagic zone An open ocean region. ENVO ENVO:00000208 EcoLexicon:pelagic_zone SPIRE:Pelagic SWEETRealm:PelagicZone Wikipedia:Pelagic_zone photic zone ENVO ENVO:00000209 EcoLexicon:epipelagic_zone PhoticZone SPIRE:Epipelagic_zone SWEETRealm:PhoticZone The zone of an ocean from the surface to 200m where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. Wikipedia:Photic_zone epipelagic zone aphotic zone AphoticZone ENVO ENVO:00000210 EcoLexicon:aphotic_zone SWEETRealm:AphoticZone The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light. Wikipedia:Aphotic_zone bathypelagic zone ENVO ENVO:00000211 EcoLexicon:bathypelagic_zone SWEETRealm:BathypelagicZone The one of an ocean below the 10degC thermocline down to a temperature of 4degC. Wikipedia:Bathypelagic_zone abyssalpelagic zone ENVO ENVO:00000212 The zone of the ocean below the bathypelagic zone, with its lowest boundary at about 6000m. mesopelagic zone ENVO ENVO:00000213 EcoLexicon:mesopelagic_zone SPIRE:Mesopelagic_zone SWEETRealm:MesopelagicZone The zone of an ocean immediately below the photic zone down to a depth where the water temperature is 10degC (the thermocline). Wikipedia:Mesopelagic_zone hadalpelagic zone ENVO ENVO:00000214 The zone of an ocean in oceanic trenches, lying between 6000m and 10,000m. hydrothermal vent A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. ENVO ENVO:00000215 EcoLexicon:hydrothermal_vent FTT:834 HydrothermalVents Wikipedia:Hydrothermal_vent fumarole A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. ENVO ENVO:00000216 EcoLexicon:fumarole FTT:731 FTT:732 FUMAROLE Wikipedia:Fumarole thermal feature solfatara A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases. ENVO ENVO:00000217 EcoLexicon:solfatara Wikipedia:Solfatara black smoker A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the cold ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. ENVO ENVO:00000218 SPIRE:Oceanic_vent Wikipedia:Black_smoker active chimney oceanic vent sea vent landlocked sea A sea that is not connected with an ocean. ENVO ENVO:00000219 FTT:221 FTT:871 inland sea lake archipelago A group of geographically or geologically associated islands. ENVO ENVO:00000220 EcoLexicon:archipelago FTT:146 ISLAND CLUSTER IslandArc TGN:21470 TGN:21474 Wikipedia:Archipelago island arc island group continental island An island that lies on a continental shelf. ENVO ENVO:00000221 EcoLexicon:continental_island Wikipedia:Continental_island oceanic island An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. ENVO ENVO:00000222 EcoLexicon:oceanic_island Wikipedia:Oceanic_island volcanic island continental shelf ENVO ENVO:00000223 EcoLexicon:continental_margin EcoLexicon:continental_shelf FTT:283 FTT:284 FTT:535 FTT:537 FTT:538 FTT:539 Geonames:U.BDLU Geonames:U.SHFU SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin The continental shelf is a gentle slope. This class refers to the geographical continental shelf and not the legal concept of the same name. The extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow sea. Wikipedia:Continental_shelf borderland borderland (continental margin) platform (continental margin) shelf shelf edge (ocean) shelves, continental slightly stratified estuary An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. ENVO ENVO:00000224 highly stratified estuary An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. ENVO ENVO:00000225 saline wedge estuary An estuary whose river output greatly exceeds marine input; there is little mixing, and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. ENVO ENVO:00000226 EcoLexicon:salt-wedge_estuary salt wedge estuary vertically mixed estuary An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. ENVO ENVO:00000227 inverse estuary An estuary located in regions with high evaporation, there is no freshwater input and in fact salinity increases inland; overall flow is inward at the surface, downwells at the inland terminus, and flows outward subsurface. ENVO ENVO:00000228 intermittent estuary An estuary that varies dramatically depending on freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any of the other estuary types. ENVO ENVO:00000229 coastal wetland A wetland associated with the part of the land adjoining or near a sea or ocean. ENVO ENVO:00000230 Wikipedia:Coastal_wetland moor A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. ENVO ENVO:00000231 EcoLexicon:moor FTT:1191 FTT:991 Geonames:H.MOOR TGN:21608 Wikipedia:Moor grassland moor shrubland wetland woodland fen A freshwater peat land with chemically basic (which roughly means alkaline) ground water. ENVO ENVO:00000232 FTT:685 TGN:21321 Wikipedia:Fen wetland swamp A wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. ENVO ENVO:00000233 EcoLexicon:swamp FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:H.SWMP SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp Swamp TGN:21324 Wikipedia:Swamp cienaga swamp wetland bayou A small, slow-moving stream or creek; usually located in low-lying areas. ENVO ENVO:00000234 EcoLexicon:embayment_ FTT:1206 FTT:228 FTT:230 TGN:21303 TGN:21305 Wikipedia:Bayou bahia embayment lake lake slough watercourse carr A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. ENVO ENVO:00000235 dambo A class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas, and have river-like branching forms which may be nowhere very large, but common enough to add up to a large area. ENVO ENVO:00000236 Wikipedia:Dambo hydromorphic/phreatic dambo A danbo associated with a headwater. ENVO ENVO:00000237 fluvial dambo A dambo associated with a river. ENVO ENVO:00000238 pocasin A palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus. ENVO ENVO:00000239 wetland saline wetland ENVO ENVO:00000240 It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. tidal mudflat A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. ENVO ENVO:00000241 EcoLexicon:tidal_flat FLAT FTT:1230 FTT:185 FTT:706 Geonames:H.FLTT Wikipedia:Tidal_flat tidal flat wetland lacustrine mudflat A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. ENVO ENVO:00000242 freshwater wetland A wetland whose water that contains low concentrations of salts. ENVO ENVO:00000243 abyssal plain A flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. Abyssalplain ENVO ENVO:00000244 EcoLexicon:abyssal_plain FTT:4 SPIRE:Abyssal TGN:23302 Wikipedia:Abyssal_plain abyssal feature maar A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. ENVO ENVO:00000245 Wikipedia:Maar volcanic crater A crater formed by a volcano, within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. ENVO ENVO:00000246 FTT:219 TGN:21408 Wikipedia:Volcanic_crater crater volcano An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000247 EcoLexicon:volcano FTT:592 Geonames:T.VLC TGN:21406 Volcano Wikipedia:Volcano mount volcano glacial valley A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. ENVO ENVO:00000248 Wikipedia:Glacial_valley valley lateral moraine ENVO ENVO:00000249 EcoLexicon:lateral_moraine The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. Wikipedia:Lateral_moraine moraine medial moraine A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. ENVO ENVO:00000250 Wikipedia:Medial_moraine ground moraine A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. ENVO ENVO:00000251 EcoLexicon:ground_moraine Wikipedia:Ground_moraine terminal moraine ENVO ENVO:00000252 EcoLexicon:terminal_moraine Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. Wikipedia:Terminal_moraine delta moraine end moraine moraine scroll plane A plain where a stream meanders across an area with a very low gradient, usually with a fairly continuous discharge. In addition to meanders, scroll plains are also characterised by many oxbow lakes. ENVO ENVO:00000253 till plan An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. ENVO ENVO:00000254 flood plain An area which is subject to periodic flooding. ENVO ENVO:00000255 EcoLexicon:flood_plain FLOOD PLAIN FTT:288 FTT:98 Floodplain SWEETRealm:FloodPlain TGN:21460 Wikipedia:Flood_plain bottomland floodplain floodway ENVO ENVO:00000256 FTT:710 The stream channel and adjacent areas that carry flood flows in a flood plain. Wikipedia:Floodway flood fringe Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which do not experience a strong current. ENVO ENVO:00000257 Wikipedia:Flood_fringe alluvial plain Arelatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. ENVO ENVO:00000258 EcoLexicon:alluvial_plain SWEETRealm:AlluvialPlain Wikipedia:Alluvial_plain lacustrine plain A plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. ENVO ENVO:00000259 SWEETRealm:LacustrinePlain Wikipedia:Lacustrine_plain prairie An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). ENVO ENVO:00000260 FTT:259 FTT:707 FTT:769 FTT:926 TGN:21605 TGN:21606 Wikipedia:Prairie grassland llanos pampa plain veld savanna A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees. ENVO ENVO:00000261 FTT:259 FTT:770 FTT:771 Savanna TGN:21607 Wikipedia:Savanna grassland savannah steppe A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. ENVO ENVO:00000262 EcoLexicon:steppe FTT:259 Wikipedia:Steppe grassland pampa pampas puszta fissure cave A narrow, verical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. ENVO ENVO:00000263 seamount A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. Independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. ENVO ENVO:00000264 EcoLexicon:mountain EcoLexicon:seamount FTT:1241 Geonames:MTSU Geonames:RNGU Geonames:U.HLLU Geonames:U.HLSU Geonames:U.KNLU Geonames:U.KNSU Geonames:U.MESU Geonames:U.MNDU Geonames:U.MTU Geonames:U.PKSU Geonames:U.PKU Geonames:U.SMSU Geonames:U.SMU Seamount TGN:23132 TGN:23133 TGN:23172 TGN:23175 TGN:23176 TGN:23178 Wikipedia:Seamount hill hills knoll knolls mesa mound mount mount mountain mountains peak peaks range sea mount sea-mount seaknoll seakpeak seamount submarine volcano undersea hill undersea knoll undersea mound guyot A flat-topped seamount. ENVO ENVO:00000265 EcoLexicon:tablemount FTT:1197 FTT:777 FTT:778 Geonames:U.TMSU TGN:23171 Wikipedia:Guyot plateau seamount tablemount tablemount (seafloor) tablemounts pasture ENVO ENVO:00000266 FTT:45 FTT:67 Geonames:L.GRAZ Grassland used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. Wikipedia:Pasture agricultural site cropland grassland grazing area submarine canyon A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. ENVO ENVO:00000267 EcoLexicon:submarine_canyon FTT:421 Geonames:U.CNSU Geonames:U.CNYU SubmarineCanyon TGN:23415 TGN:23416 Wikipedia:Submarine_canyon canyon canyons undersea canyon undersea ravine lake bed ENVO ENVO:00000268 FTT:221 FTT:804 The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. lake lake bottom land-tied island A continental island connected to its adjacent land by a natural feature, such as a causeway. ENVO ENVO:00000269 FTT:147 FTT:890 Geonames:T.ISLT TGN:21511 island land-tied island beaver pond A pond that has formed as a consequence of the activities of beavers, building a beaver dam. ENVO ENVO:00000270 FTT:245 Wikipedia:Beaver_pond lake chott A dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa that stays dry in the summer, but receive some water in the winter. This water may come as a groundwater discharge. ENVO ENVO:00000271 FTT:477 Wikipedia:Chott shott confluence ENVO ENVO:00000272 EcoLexicon:confluence FTT:105 FTT:531 Geonames:H.CNFL TGN:21160 TGN:21381 The point where a tributary joins a more major river. Wikipedia:Confluence confluence stream stream junction continental slope ENVO ENVO:00000273 EcoLexicon:continental_slope FTT:536 The seabed below the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break). The continental slope is much steeper than the shelf; the average angle is 3, but it can be as low as 1 or as high as 10. The slope is often cut with submarine canyons. Wikipedia:Continental_slope continental rise ENVO ENVO:00000274 FTT:534 Geonames:U.CRSU TGN:23110 The continental rise is below the continental slope, but landward of the abyssal plains. Its gradient is intermediate between the slope and the shelf, on the order of 0.5-1. Extending as far as 500 km from the slope, it consists of thick sediments deposited by turbidity currents from the shelf and slope. Sediment cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope, called the continental rise. Wikipedia:Continental_rise continental rise ocean trench ENVO ENVO:00000275 EcoLexicon:deep_sea_trench EcoLexicon:trench FTT:1021 FTT:609 FTT:610 Geonames:U.TRGU Geonames:U.TRNU Hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. SWEETRealm:Trench TGN:23462 TGN:23464 TROUGH Trench Wikipedia:Ocean_trench deep deep sea trench ocean trench trench trough undersea trench undersea trough drumlin An elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins are sometimes compared to kames, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice successively plasters new layers in its movement. ENVO ENVO:00000276 EcoLexicon:drumlin FTT:647 TGN:21411 Wikipedia:Drumlin mount ridge dry lake A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. ENVO ENVO:00000277 FTT:650 Geonames:H.LBED SWEETRealm:DryLake TGN:21117 Wikipedia:Dry_lake lake lake bed dry stream A stream that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. ENVO ENVO:00000278 FTT:105 FTT:651 Geonames:T.SBED dry stream bed stream saline pan A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000279 EcoLexicon:salt_pan Geonames:L.SALT SALT PAN SWEETRealm:SaltFlat TGN:21459 TGN:21506 salt area salt flat salt pan escarpment A transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves an elevation differential, often involving high cliffs. Most commonly a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. In such cases, the escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older. ENVO ENVO:00000280 EcoLexicon:scarp FTT:490 FTT:596 Geonames:T.CUET Geonames:T.SCRP TGN:21489 TGN:21500 Wikipedia:Escarpment cliff cuesta escarpment scarp fault escarpment An escarpment resulting from a fault. ENVO ENVO:00000281 Wikipedia:Fault_escarpment esker A long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. ENVO ENVO:00000282 FTT:673 Wikipedia:Esker ridge ridge A long and narrow upland with steep sides. ENVO ENVO:00000283 EcoLexicon:beach_cusp EcoLexicon:crest FTT:1176 FTT:1177 FTT:154 FTT:155 FTT:236 FTT:596 FTT:809 FTT:844 Geonames:T.RDGE RIDGE Ridge SWEETRealm:Ridge TGN:21366 TGN:21491 Wikipedia:Ridge arete beach cusp beach ridge crest cuesta hogback icecap ridge ridge rise (seafloor) spur spur (physiographic) quarry An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. ENVO ENVO:00000284 EcoLexicon:quarry FTT:14 FTT:974 Geonames:S.MNQR TGN:54217 Wikipedia:Quarry mine mine site open pit mine quarry quicksand area A bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure. ENVO ENVO:00000285 EcoLexicon:quicksand FTT:206 FTT:207 Geonames:L.QCKS QUICKSAND TGN:21503 Wikipedia:Quicksand bar quicksand quicksand polder An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. ENVO ENVO:00000286 EcoLexicon:polder FTT:1070 FTT:96 Geonames:T.PLDR TGN:21522 Wikipedia:Polder physiographic feature polder butte An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. ENVO ENVO:00000287 FTT:376 Geonames:T.BUTE SWEETRealm:Butte TGN:21443 Wikipedia:Butte butte plateau cotton plantation ENVO ENVO:00000288 FTT:45 FTT:53 Geonames:ESTC Wikipedia:Cotton_plantation agricultural site cotton plantation horst ENVO ENVO:00000289 The raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. graben A depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. A graben is the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side. Grabens often occur side-by-side with horsts. Horst and graben structures are indicative of tensional forces and crustal stretching. ENVO ENVO:00000290 FTT:682 SWEETRealm:FaultZone Wikipedia:Graben fault zone drainage basin An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. Basin CATCHMENT Catchment ENVO ENVO:00000291 EcoLexicon:basin EcoLexicon:drainage_basin FTT:220 FTT:440 Geonames:L.BSND SWEETRealm:DrainageBasin TGN:21455 Watershed Wikipedia:Drainage_basin catchment drainage basin watershed watershed ENVO ENVO:00000292 FTT:220 FTT:645 Geonames:T.DVD RIDGE LINE SWEETRealm:Watershed TGN:21440 The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. Wikipedia:Watershed divide divide drainage basin water divide continental divide A watershed such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of the continent. ENVO ENVO:00000293 FTT:533 Wikipedia:Continental_divide fish farm A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. ENVO ENVO:00000294 FTT:123 FTT:694 Wikipedia:Fish_farm aquacultural site fishery fish hatchery A facility where eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. ENVO ENVO:00000295 FTT:695 Wikipedia:Fish_hatchery rice field A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. ENVO ENVO:00000296 FTT:45 FTT:70 Wikipedia:Rice_field agricultural site cropland rice paddy paddy field A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. ENVO ENVO:00000297 Wikipedia:Paddy_field iceberg A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. ENVO ENVO:00000298 EcoLexicon:iceberg FTT:758 FTT:838 ICEBERG IceFloe Iceberg SWEETRealm:Iceberg TGN:21142 Wikipedia:Iceberg arched iceberg barrier iceberg floeberg glacial berg glacial iceberg ice mass ice field A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. ENVO ENVO:00000299 FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:836 FTT:837 FTT:838 FTT:839 FTT:840 FTT:841 FTT:842 Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. IceSheet SWEETRealm:IceField TGN:21147 ice field ice patch ice sheet iceberg icecap icefall scrubland Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. ENVO ENVO:00000300 FTT:1191 FTT:262 FTT:374 FTT:473 FTT:792 FTT:991 Geonames:V.SCRB SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21644 TGN:21652 Wikipedia:Scrubland bush chaparal area heath moor scrub scrubland shrubland chaparral A shrubland area found primarily in regions with a Mediterranean climate (mid, wet winters and hot dry summers) often shaped by wildfires. ENVO ENVO:00000301 FTT:473 SPIRE:Chaparral chaparal area maquis woodland rift valley A valley created by the formation of a rift, i.e. place where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart by tectonic forces. ENVO ENVO:00000302 FTT:684 RiftValley SWEETRealm:RiftValley Wikipedia:Rift_valley rift zone valley coast COAST CoastalRegion ENVO ENVO:00000303 EcoLexicon:coast EcoLexicon:sea_coast FTT:500 Geonames:L.CST Littoral SPIRE:Coastal SPIRE:Littoral SWEETRealm:CoastalRegion TGN:21483 The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. Wikipedia:Coast coast coast line coastal area coastal plain coastline rivage sea coast shore ENVO ENVO:00000304 EcoLexicon:shore FTT:240 FTT:503 FTT:504 Geonames:T.SHOR SHORE SWEETRealm:Shore TGN:21481 That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. Wikipedia:Shore beach face coastal zone foreshore inshore rivage seashore shore shoreface strand peninsula A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. ENVO ENVO:00000305 EcoLexicon:peninsula FTT:253 FTT:422 FTT:423 FTT:424 FTT:425 Geonames:T.CAPE Geonames:T.HDLD Geonames:T.PEN Geonames:T.PROM Geonames:T.PT Geonames:T.PTS PENINSULA SWEETRealm:Point TGN:21462 TGN:21463 TGN:21464 TGN:21476 TGN:21477 Wikipedia:Peninsula cape foreland head headland hook neck ness peninsula point point (physiographic) points promontgory promontory tongue winged headland spit A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. ENVO ENVO:00000306 EcoLexicon:spit FTT:210 Geonames:T.SPIT SWEETRealm:Spit TGN:21465 bar spit icefall A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow and a chaotic crevassed surface. ENVO ENVO:00000307 FTT:758 FTT:842 Wikipedia:Icefall ice mass dune slack A valley or trough between two dunes. ENVO ENVO:00000308 FTT:652 Geonames:T.TRGD interdune trough depression A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. BASIN ENVO ENVO:00000309 EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 FTT:216 Geonames:T.DPR Geonames:T.PAN Geonames:T.PANS SWEETRealm:Depression TGN:21454 TGN:21497 TGN:21521 barrier basin basin cauldron depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin impact crater A crater caused by the impact of a meteor. ENVO ENVO:00000310 SWEETRealm:ImpactCrater Wikipedia:Impact_crater kettle A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. ENVO ENVO:00000311 basin kettle hole sandur ENVO ENVO:00000312 The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. Wikipedia:Sandur outwash plain blowout A sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind. ENVO ENVO:00000313 EcoLexicon:blowout FTT:267 Geonames:T.BLOW TGN:21448 blowout alluvial fan A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. ENVO ENVO:00000314 EcoLexicon:alluvial_fan FTT:94 FTT:95 Geonames:T.FAN SWEETRealm:AlluvialFan TGN:21421 Wikipedia:Alluvial_fan delta fan fan (alluvial) bajada A convergence of neighboring alluvial fans into a single apron of deposits against a slope. ENVO ENVO:00000315 FTT:188 FTT:191 SWEETRealm:Bajada Wikipedia:Bajada desert intertidal zone ENVO ENVO:00000316 EcoLexicon:intertidal_zone FTT:240 FTT:501 IntertidalZone SPIRE:Intertidal SWEETRealm:IntertidalZone The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. Wikipedia:Intertidal_zone coastal zone littoral zone tidal pool ENVO ENVO:00000317 EcoLexicon:tidal_pool Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats. Wikipedia:Tidal_pool high tide zone ENVO ENVO:00000318 The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment. upper littoral low tide zone ENVO ENVO:00000319 The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. lower littoral crevasse A deep fissure in snow or ice. CREVASSE ENVO ENVO:00000320 FTT:489 FTT:594 FTT:702 Geonames:T.FSR SWEETRealm:Fissure TGN:21415 TGN:21416 Wikipedia:Crevasse cleft crevice fissure joint-plane cave A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. ENVO ENVO:00000321 lava cave A cave in a lava flow. ENVO ENVO:00000322 Wikipedia:Lava_cave live cave A cave containing a stream or active speleothems. ENVO ENVO:00000323 outflow cave A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000324 polje A large closed depression draining underground, witha flat floor across which there may be an intermittent or perennial stream and which may be liable to flood and become a lake. The floor makes a sharp break with parts of surrounding slopes. ENVO ENVO:00000325 EcoLexicon:polje Wikipedia:Polje sea cave A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution. ENVO ENVO:00000326 Wikipedia:Sea_cave speleothem A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite. ENVO ENVO:00000327 EcoLexicon:speleothem Wikipedia:Speleothem vadoze zone A zone beneath the land surface and above the level of permanent groundwater or phreatic zone in which water has a hydraulic head less than atmospheric pressure and is retained by a combination of adhesion and capillary action. ENVO ENVO:00000328 Wikipedia: If the vadose zone envelops soil, the water contained therein is termed soil moisture. In fine grained soils, capillary action can cause the pores of the soil to be fully saturated above the water table at a pressure less than atmospheric. In such soils, therefore, the unsaturated zone is the upper section of the vadose zone and not identical to it. unsaturated zone vadose zone phreatic zone A zone beneath the land surface in which all interstices are filled with water. Water in the phreatic zone has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. ENVO ENVO:00000329 Wikipedia:Phreatic_zone zone of saturation stalagmite A speleothem projecting vertically upwards from a cave floor and formed by precipitation from drips. ENVO ENVO:00000330 Wikipedia:Stalagmite stalactite A speleothem hanging downwards from a roof or wall, of cylindrical or conical form, usually with a central hollow tube. ENVO ENVO:00000331 Wikipedia:Stalactite doline A closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g. cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. From a few to many hundreds of metres in dimensions. ENVO ENVO:00000332 Wikipedia:Doline subjacent karst ENVO ENVO:00000333 Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development. syngenetic karst ENVO ENVO:00000334 Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. polygonal karst ENVO ENVO:00000335 Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. doline karst ENVO ENVO:00000336 Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. orange juice Added for compatibility with GEMINA. ENVO ENVO:00000337 The liquid that can be mechanically extracted an orange. Wikipedia:Orange_juice vomit ENVO ENVO:00000338 Vomit is a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. Wikipedia:Vomit piece of rock An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00000339 FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 grain of sand ENVO ENVO:00000340 piece of gravel A piece of rock that is two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches). ENVO ENVO:00000341 ice cap dome A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. ENVO ENVO:00000342 FTT:758 FTT:840 Geonames:H.DOMG TGN:21144 ice mass icecap dome icecap dome particle of silt ENVO ENVO:00000343 grain of desert sand ENVO ENVO:00000344 grain of beach sand ENVO ENVO:00000345 grain of acid dune sand ENVO ENVO:00000346 grain of sea sand ENVO ENVO:00000347 grain of rocky sand ENVO ENVO:00000348 terrarium ENVO ENVO:00000349 Wikipedia:Terrarium somma volcano A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. ENVO ENVO:00000350 Wikipedia:Somma_volcano volcanic arc A chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. ENVO ENVO:00000351 Wikipedia:Volcanic_arc continental arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust. ENVO ENVO:00000352 island arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust other oceanic crust on an adjacent tectonic plate. ENVO ENVO:00000353 EcoLexicon:island_arc SWEETRealm:IslandArc Wikipedia:Island_arc volcanic field A region of the earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. ENVO ENVO:00000354 Wikipedia:Volcanic_field volcanic complex volcanic group volcanic system monogenetic volcanic field A volcanic field of small, scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous monogenetic volcanoes, are noted for having only one short eruptive event. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. ENVO ENVO:00000355 Wikipedia:Monogenetic_volcanic_field pyroclastic cone A cone made of material ejected from a volcano. The material can range from finest particles. In comparison, cinder cones are more uniform. They are usually found in or on larger features, such as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and can be found inside calderas, however they can also be an independent feature. They can range from a few metres in height and are usually formed by a single eruption. ENVO ENVO:00000356 Wikipedia:Pyroclastic_cone pyroclastic dome lock A device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied. ENVO ENVO:00000357 EcoLexicon:lock protected area An area of land and/or a body of water especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means. ENVO ENVO:00000358 Wikipedia:Protected_area natural monument A natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. ENVO ENVO:00000359 Wikipedia:Natural_monument national forest A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture. ENVO ENVO:00000360 Wikipedia:National_forest site of special scientific interest A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic 'building block' of nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations are based upon them, including National Nature Reserves, Ramsar Sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation. Area of Special Scientific Interest ENVO ENVO:00000361 SSSI Wikipedia:Site_of_special_scientific_interest marine park A protected area of the sea usually established to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like watery national parks. ENVO ENVO:00000362 Wikipedia:Marine_park nature reserve A protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. ENVO ENVO:00000363 Wikipedia:Nature_reserve natural preserve natural reserve nature preserve national wildlife refuge A designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. ENVO ENVO:00000364 Wikipedia:National_wildlife_refuge ramsar site A wetland protected by the terms of the Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat). ENVO ENVO:00000365 Wikipedia:Ramsar_site national nature reserve A United Kingdom government conservation designation for a nature reserve of national significance for biological or earth science interest. ENVO ENVO:00000366 Wikipedia:National_nature_reserve national park A reserve of land, usually, but not always declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. National parks are a protected area of IUCN category II. ENVO ENVO:00000367 Wikipedia:National_park ephemeral island An island, usually the consequence of the activity of a submarine volcano, that only exists for a short period or short periods of time after its formation, then being eroded or otherwise disappearing beneath the surface of a body of water. ENVO ENVO:00000368 brine pool ENVO ENVO:00000369 ENVO:01000060 Wikipedia:Brine_pool marine brine pool tuya A distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. ENVO ENVO:00000370 Wikipedia:Tuya complex volcano A volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area. Stratovolcanoes may form complex volcanoes, because they may overlap another from explosive eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and by repeated eruptions, to make multiple summits and vents. Stratovolcanoes could also form a large caldera that gets filled in by multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may also develop on the caldera's rim. ENVO ENVO:00000371 Wikipedia:Complex_volcano compound volcano pyroclastic shield volcano A shield volcano that isformed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. They typically display low-angle flank slopes and have little or no central collapse, although a shallow sag in the shield is commonly observed. Lava is commonly extruded after the cessation of explosive activity commonly superposes the vent region. ENVO ENVO:00000372 terrestrial ignimbrite shield geothermal field An area where wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. ENVO ENVO:00000373 wildlife management area A protected area with the purpose of protecting and managing wild life. ENVO ENVO:00000374 Wikipedia:Wildlife_management_area world heritage site A protected area that is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. ENVO ENVO:00000375 Wikipedia:World_heritage_site biosphere reserve An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). ENVO ENVO:00000376 Wikipedia:Biosphere_reserve artificial lake A lake purposefully constructed. ENVO ENVO:00000377 Wikipedia:Artificial_lake canal head reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of maintaining water levels in a canal or canals. ENVO ENVO:00000378 ice shelf A thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. ENVO ENVO:00000380 SWEETRealm:IceShelf Wikipedia:Ice_shelf massif A section of the Earths's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. ENVO ENVO:00000381 EcoLexicon:massif FTT:946 TGN:21435 Wikipedia:Massif lake shore ENVO ENVO:00000382 TGN:21484 That part of the land in immediate contact with a lake. lakeshore stream bed ENVO ENVO:00000383 FTT:651 Geonames:H.STMB TGN:21165 The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow. Wikipedia:Stream_bed dry stream bed stream bed stream bottom stream channel river bed ENVO ENVO:00000384 EcoLexicon:river_bed_structure SWEETRealm:RiverBed TGN:21154 The channel bottom of a river; the physical confine of the normal water flow. Wikipedia:River_bed river bottom watercourse stream mouth ENVO ENVO:00000385 FTT:105 FTT:1222 Geonames:H.STMM The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. stream stream mouth river mouth ENVO ENVO:00000386 TGN:21156 The end of a stream where it enters a standing water body such as a lake, sea or ocean. Wikipedia:River_mouth intermittent lake A lake that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. ENVO ENVO:00000387 FTT:221 FTT:875 Geonames:H.LKI Geonames:H.LKSI TGN:21118 Wikipedia:Intermittent_lake intermittent lake intermittent lakes lake intermittent wetland An area that is sometimes inundated or saturated by surface or ground water sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. ENVO ENVO:00000389 FTT:85 FTT:883 Geonames:H.WTLDI TGN:21306 intermittent wetland wetland mountain spur ENVO ENVO:00000390 FTT:1177 Geonames:T.SPUR TGN:21366 spur spurs (physiographic land bridge An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses which allows animals and plants to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges are commonly created by regression, in which sea levels fall exposing previously submerged sections of continental shelf. Land bridges are also formed by: (a) upthrust at the edge of continental plates; and (b) glacial retreat alleviating pressure on shallow marine formations. ENVO ENVO:00000391 TGN:21478 Wikipedia:Land_bridge ice tongue A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. ENVO ENVO:00000392 TGN:21143 Wikipedia:Ice_tongue glacial tongue glacier tongue sound A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. ENVO ENVO:00000393 EcoLexicon:sound FTT:233 FTT:469 Geonames:H.SD SWEETRealm:Sound TGN:21129 channel inlet lake open sound sound sound (body of water) watercourse strait A narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. ENVO ENVO:00000394 EcoLexicon:strait FTT:233 FTT:470 Geonames:H.STRT SWEETRealm:Strait TGN:21132 Wikipedia:Strait channel strait watercourse channel ENVO ENVO:00000395 EcoLexicon:channel EcoLexicon:sea_channel FTT:1192 FTT:233 FTT:461 FTT:462 FTT:463 FTT:464 FTT:465 FTT:466 FTT:468 FTT:469 FTT:470 Geonames:H.CHN Geonames:U.SCNU Geonames:U.SCSU SWEETRealm:Channel TGN:21137 TGN:23451 The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. WaterChannel channel chutes (hydrographic) improved channel inlet (hydrographic) reach (hydrographic) sea channel sea channel sea channels seachannel (seafloor) sound (bodies of water) strait stream channel undersea channel watercourse marine channel ENVO ENVO:00000396 FTT:233 FTT:465 Geonames:H.CHNM TGN:21186 channel marine channel lake channel ENVO ENVO:00000397 FTT:233 FTT:464 Geonames:H.CHNL TGN:21185 channel lake channel volcanic cone Built by fragments (called ejecta) thrown up (ejected) from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. ENVO ENVO:00000398 FTT:530 Geonames:T.CONE SWEETRealm:VolcanicCone TGN:21418 Wikipedia:Volcanic_cone cone cone (geological) lava cone ash cone A cone that is composed of particles of silt to sand size. Explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with groundwater or the sea (as in an eruption off the coast) produce steam and are called phreatic. The interaction between the magma, expanding steam, and volcanic gases results in the ejection of mostly small particles called ash. Fallen ash has the consistency of flour. The unconsolidated ash forms an ash cone which becomes a tuff cone or tuff ring once the ash consolidates. ENVO ENVO:00000399 Wikipedia:Ash_cone cinder cone A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. ENVO ENVO:00000400 SWEETRealm:CinderCone Wikipedia:Cinder_cone mount spatter cone A volcanic cone formed of molten lava ejected from a vent somewhat like taffy. Expanding gases in the lava fountains tear the liquid rock into irregular gobs that fall back to earth, forming a heap around the vent. The still partly liquid rock splashed down and over the sides of the developing mound is called spatter. Because spatter is not fully solid when it lands, the individual deposits are very irregular in shape and weld together as they cool, and in this way particularly differ from cinder and ash. ENVO ENVO:00000401 SWEETRealm:SpatterCone Wikipedia:Spatter_cone mud volcano A volcano created by geologically excreted liquids and gases, although there are several different processes which may cause such activity. Temperatures are much cooler than igneous processes. ENVO ENVO:00000402 EcoLexicon:mud_volcano Wikipedia:Mud_volcano shield volcano A large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. ENVO ENVO:00000403 Wikipedia:Shield_volcano mount stratovolcano A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, or high in silica to intermediate (rhyolite, dacite, or andesite). ENVO ENVO:00000404 Wikipedia:Stratovolcano composite volcano mid-ocean ridge An underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. ENVO ENVO:00000406 EcoLexicon:oceanic_ridge OceanRidge TGN:23151 Wikipedia:Mid-ocean_ridge undersea ridge subglacial volcano A volcano produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a lake melted into a glacier or ice mass by the rising lava. ENVO ENVO:00000407 Something more specific than an adjacent_to relation would be better, especially considering the volcano in question may have melted nearby glacial mass. Wikipedia:Subglacial_volcano tuya volcanic fissure A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is usually a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts and hannels. The volcano can usually be seen as a crack in the ground or on the ocean floor. Narrow fissures can be filled in with lava that hardens. ENVO ENVO:00000408 FTT:702 SWEETRealm:Fissure Wikipedia:Volcanic_fissure fissure fissure vent whirlpool A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. ENVO ENVO:00000409 FTT:131 FTT:829 TGN:21183 WHRL Wikipedia:Whirlpool hydrographic feature kipuka An elevated area such as a hill, ridge or old lava dome inside or downslope from an area of active volcanism. New lava flows will cover the surrounding land, isolating the kipuka so that it appears as a (usually) forested island in a barren lava flow. ENVO ENVO:00000410 Wikipedia:Kipuka ford ENVO ENVO:00000411 EcoLexicon:ford FORD FTT:714 FTT:83 Geonames:T.FORD TGN:21170 The shallow part of a stream which can be easily crossed. Wikipedia:Ford ford ford (crossing) transportation feature tidal watercourse ENVO ENVO:00000412 TGN:21130 pingo A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. ENVO ENVO:00000413 Pingos may occur in cold-climate wetland areas, but are not necessarily wetlands themselves. Wikipedia:Pingo bugor bulginniakh hydrolaccolith mount pingos natural arch A natural formation where a rock arch forms, with a natural passageway through underneath. ENVO ENVO:00000414 FTT:142 FTT:143 FTT:144 TGN:21445 Wikipedia:Natural_arch arches (natural formation) natural bridge sea arch raised beach A beach or wave cut platform raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. ENVO ENVO:00000415 EcoLexicon:raised_beach Wikipedia:Raised_beach terrace coastal dune ENVO ENVO:00000416 Wikipedia:Coastal_dune machair A fertile low-lying raised beach found on the some of the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, in particular in the Outer Hebrides. ENVO ENVO:00000417 ria A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. ENVO ENVO:00000418 Wikipedia:Ria drowned river valley drowned valley valley stack A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. ENVO ENVO:00000419 EcoLexicon:stack island tombolo A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. ENVO ENVO:00000420 EcoLexicon:tombolo SWEETRealm:Tombolo Wikipedia:Tombolo bar island wave-cut platform ENVO ENVO:00000421 SWEETRealm:WaveCutPlatform The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. Wikipedia:Wave-cut_platform marine terrace limestone pavement A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement. ENVO ENVO:00000422 Wikipedia:Limestone_pavement river island An island that lies in a river. ENVO ENVO:00000423 EcoLexicon:fluvial_island TGN:21428 ait eyot fluvial island lake island An island that lies in a lake. ENVO ENVO:00000424 Wikipedia:Lake_island ocean floor ENVO ENVO:00000426 FTT:1020 The surface that underlies an ocean. Wikipedia:Ocean_floor ocean bed ocean floor feature meander A bend in a stream. A stream flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meanders as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. ENVO ENVO:00000427 EcoLexicon:meander FTT:105 FTT:948 SWEETRealm:Meandering TGN:21153 Wikipedia:Meander oxbow loop stream watercourse biome A biome is an environmental system to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. ENVO ENVO:00000428 EcoLexicon:biome EcosytemType This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. Wikipedia:Biome ecosystem major habitat type arete A thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. The arte is a thin ridge of rock that is left separating the two valleys. Artes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. ENVO ENVO:00000429 FTT:154 ridge dirt cone A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. ENVO ENVO:00000430 Wikipedia:Dirt_cone drumlin field A cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins. ENVO ENVO:00000431 Wikipedia:Drumlin_field drumlin swarm monadnock An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. ENVO ENVO:00000432 Wikipedia:Monadnock inselberg kopje mount kame terrace A terrace associated with a kame. ENVO ENVO:00000433 outwash fan A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. ENVO ENVO:00000434 Wikipedia:Outwash_fan proglacial lake A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. ENVO ENVO:00000435 Wikipedia:Proglacial_lake lake tunnel valley A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. ENVO ENVO:00000436 Wikipedia:Tunnel_valley rinnental tunnel-vale Nye channel A small tunnel valley. ENVO ENVO:00000437 alas A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. ENVO ENVO:00000438 Wikipedia:Alas dell A small wooded valley, either U- or V-shaped. ENVO ENVO:00000439 valley rock shelter A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. ENVO ENVO:00000440 Wikipedia:Rock_shelter rockhouse terracette A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill. ENVO ENVO:00000441 SWEETRealm:Terracette Wikipedia:Terracette maelstrom A very powerful whirlpool. ENVO ENVO:00000442 Wikipedia:Maelstrom flood control reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. ENVO ENVO:00000443 EcoLexicon:flood_control_reservoir FTT:1175 FTT:217 FTT:709 TGN:51261 flood control basin retention basin storage basin clearing A tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area. CLEARING ENVO ENVO:00000444 FTT:259 FTT:488 Geonames:L.CLG SWEETRealm:Burning TGN:21651 Wikipedia:Clearing burn burnt over area clearing clearing cut line fire break forest clearing glade grassland logged area opening transvasement An aquaduct to transport water from one river basin to another one, to solve problems of hydrographic imbalance. It can decrease floods, moving the water to lands with droughts. ENVO ENVO:00000445 Wikipedia:Transvasement terrestrial biome A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm. ENVO ENVO:00000446 SPIRE:Terrestrial terrestrial realm marine biome An aquatic biome that comprises systems of open-ocean and unprotected coastal habitats, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. ENVO ENVO:00000447 SPIRE:Marine marine realm hydroelectric reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity. ENVO ENVO:00000448 Wikipedia:Hydroelectric_reservoir drinking water reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. ENVO ENVO:00000449 irrigation reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000450 amenity lake A lake constructed, or modified, for the chief purpose of providing an amenity. ENVO ENVO:00000451 ribbon lake A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. ENVO ENVO:00000452 Wikipedia:Ribbon_lake liman A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). ENVO ENVO:00000453 Wikipedia:Liman turlough An intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. ENVO ENVO:00000454 Wikipedia:Turlough tarn A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. ENVO ENVO:00000455 Wikipedia:Tarn corrie loch tidewater glacier A glacier that flows into the sea. ENVO ENVO:00000456 Wikipedia:Tidewater_glacier plateau glacier A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. ENVO ENVO:00000457 valley glacier A glacier that forms in a mountain valley. ENVO ENVO:00000458 EcoLexicon:glacier_valley Wikipedia:Valley_glacier outlet glacier A glacier fed by an ice sheet. ENVO ENVO:00000459 Wikipedia:Outlet_glacier penplain A region of low topographic relief as a consequence of erosion by streams. ENVO ENVO:00000460 pseudocrater A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. ENVO ENVO:00000461 Wikipedia:Pseudocrater rootless vent polygenetic volcanic field A volcanic field of scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous polygenetic volcanoes, are noted for having more than one eruptive event from the same vent(s), rather than the more common monogenetic volcanic field. Polygenetic volcanic fields generally occur where there is a high-level magma chamber. These volcanic fields may show lithological discontinuities due to major changes in magma chemistry, volcanotectonic events, or long erosional intervals, and may last >10 million year period. ENVO ENVO:00000462 Wikipedia:Polygenetic_volcanic_field harbor A place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ENVO ENVO:00000463 SWEETRealm:Harbor Wikipedia:Harbor artificial harbor A harbor constructed by human agency. ENVO ENVO:00000464 Wikipedia:Artificial_harbour artificial harbour natural harbor A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. ENVO ENVO:00000465 Wikipedia:Natural_harbor natural harbour university campus An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. ENVO ENVO:00000467 Wikipedia:University_campus campus hydroelectric dam A dam constructed for the purpose of generating electricity from the water stored behind it. ENVO ENVO:00000468 Wikipedia:Hydroelectric_dam research facility A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. ENVO ENVO:00000469 irrigation dam A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000470 flood control dam A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. ENVO ENVO:00000471 backwater An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. BACKWATER ENVO ENVO:00000472 FTT:184 TGN:21302 Wikipedia:Backwater wetland gravel pit A quarry from which gravel is extracted. ENVO ENVO:00000473 FTT:772 Wikipedia:Gravel_pit mine site cut An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. CUT ENVO ENVO:00000474 FTT:1182 Wikipedia:Cut cutting inlet An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. ENVO ENVO:00000475 EcoLexicon:inlet FTT:233 FTT:463 Geonames:H.GULF Geonames:H.INLT INLET Inlet SWEETRealm:Inlet TGN:21128 Wikipedia:Inlet anse arm bay bight channel closed bay firth gulf inlet ria lake inlet An opening of a lake into its shore. ENVO ENVO:00000476 mount A mountain or a hill. ENVO ENVO:00000477 EcoLexicon:dome FTT:118 FTT:460 MOUNT SWEETRealm:Dome TGN:21439 Wikipedia:Mount cerrito cerro dome hill hillock hummock inselberg knob knoll koppje monadnock mountain rise range of mounts ENVO ENVO:00000478 FTT:996 range (physiographic) mouth ENVO ENVO:00000479 EcoLexicon:outlet MOUTH SWEETRealm:Mouth The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. Wikipedia:Mouth outlet peak ENVO ENVO:00000480 EcoLexicon:summit FTT:757 FTT:79 FTT:80 FTT:994 FTT:998 FTT:999 Geonames:T.PK Geonames:T.PKS PEAK SWEETRealm:Peak TGN:21490 The summit of a mount. Wikipedia:Peak ahu ice peak mountain crest mountain summit nunatak peak peaks summit pinnacle A tall, slender, spire-shaped rock projecting from a level or more gently sloping surface. ENVO ENVO:00000481 EcoLexicon:crag FTT:1008 FTT:145 PINNACLE Wikipedia:Pinnacle chapeirao coral head crag natural rock formation pillar pinnacle (natural formation) scar sea floor ENVO ENVO:00000482 EcoLexicon:sea_floor SeaFloor The ground surface that lies beneath a sea. Wikipedia:Sea_floor sea bed sea bottom plunge pool A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect. ENVO ENVO:00000483 PLUNGE POOL Wikipedia:Plunge_pool polynya Any enclosed water area in pack ice other than a lead, not large enough to be called open water. When frozen over, a polyna becomes an ice skylight from the point of view of the submariner. Could be a subclass of a class that describes holes in solid material covering water or other liquids. Perhaps a class like "clearing". Logical def can include surrounded_by "ice mass". ENVO ENVO:00000484 EcoLexicon:polynya POLYNA Polynya SWEETRealm:Polynya Wikipedia:Polynya big clearing clearing glade ice clearing polynia regional clearing sea shore ENVO ENVO:00000485 EcoLexicon:seashore FTT:504 That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. shore shoreline ENVO ENVO:00000486 EcoLexicon:shoreline FTT:240 FTT:503 SHOR Shoreline TGN:21481 The line of contact between a body of water and the land. Wikipedia:Shoreline coastal shoreline coastal zone coastline paternoster lake ENVO ENVO:00000487 One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. Wikipedia:Paternoster_lake lake glacial lake A lake associated with a glacier. ENVO ENVO:00000488 Wikipedia:Glacial_lake palsa A low oval elevation in areas with permafrost, frequently peat bogs, where a perennial ice lens has developed within the soil. A palsa consists, similarly to a pingo, of an ice core and overlying soil materials, in case of a palsa usually boggy soil. Palsas are characteristically found in areas with discontinuous permafrost and in such areas bay be the only reliable surface evidence of permafrost. A palsa needs large quantities of water for the formation of its ice core (i.e. ice lens), which is why they frequently emerge from and are bound by boggy soils, which can store enormous quantities of water in their pores. Palsas develop particularly in moorlands and are therefore also named palsamoors. ENVO ENVO:00000489 Wikipedia:Palsa palsa bog wetland consequent stream A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land. ENVO ENVO:00000490 Wikipedia:Consequent_stream subsequent stream A stream whose course has been determined by selective headward erosion along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock belts. ENVO ENVO:00000491 Wikipedia:Subsequent_stream resequent stream A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. ENVO ENVO:00000492 Wikipedia:Resequent_stream obsequent stream A stream flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage. ENVO ENVO:00000493 Wikipedia:Obsequent_stream watercourse insequent stream A stream that has an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock. ENVO ENVO:00000494 Wikipedia:Insequent_stream tributary A stream or river which flows into another river (a parent river) or body of water but which may not flow directly into the sea. ENVO ENVO:00000495 EcoLexicon:affluent FTT:105 FTT:1261 SWEETRealm:Tributary TGN:21157 Wikipedia:Tributary affluent affluent stream confluent stream river tributary stream watercourse rill A narrow and shallow incision into soil resulting from erosion by overland flow that has been focused into a thin thread by soil surface roughness. Rilling, the process of rill formation, is common on agricultural land and unvegetated ground. ENVO ENVO:00000496 EcoLexicon:rill Wikipedia:Rill rincon An incised meander on a river. ENVO ENVO:00000497 Wikipedia:Rincon inlet volcanic dike An intrusive igneous body. Its thickness is usually much smaller than its other two dimensions. Thickness can vary from sub-centimeter scale to many meters in thickness and the lateral dimensions can extend over many kilometers. A dike is an intrusion into a cross-cutting fissure, meaning a dike cuts across other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock, this means that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it. Dikes are usually high angle to near vertical in orientation, but subsequent tectonic deformation may rotate the sequence of strata through which the dike lies so that the latter becomes horizontal. ENVO ENVO:00000498 FTT:654 dyke (geologic) ridge volcanic dyke trough A linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rift along the mid-oceanic ridge and the Cayman Trough. ENVO ENVO:00000499 EcoLexicon:trench FTT:1022 FTT:611 Geonames:U.DEPU SWEETRealm:Trench SWEETRealm:Trough TGN:21512 deep foredeep swale trench trough (seafloor) beaver dam An obstruction in a stream constructed by a beaver. ENVO ENVO:00000500 FTT:243 Wikipedia:Beaver_dam dam bed BOTTOM ENVO ENVO:00000501 EcoLexicon:bed FTT:804 SWEETRealm:Bottom The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. Wikipedia:Stream_bed intermittent saline lake A saline lake that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. ENVO ENVO:00000502 FTT:221 FTT:880 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSNI intermittent salt lake intermittent salt lakes lake intermittent oxbow lake An oxbow lake that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. ENVO ENVO:00000503 FTT:221 FTT:876 Geonames:H.LKOI intermittent oxbow lake lake intermittent pond A pond that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. ENVO ENVO:00000504 FTT:221 FTT:877 FTT:878 Geonames:H.PNDI Geonames:H.PNDSI Geonames:H.POOLI intermittent pond intermittent ponds intermittent pool intermittent pool intermittent pool lake underground irrigation canal A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer. ENVO ENVO:00000505 FTT:129 FTT:410 Geonames:H.CNLSB underground irrigation canal intermittent reservoir A reservoir that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. ENVO ENVO:00000506 FTT:221 FTT:588 FTT:879 Geonames:H.RSVI intermittent reservoir lake reservoir wadi mouth ENVO ENVO:00000507 FTT:157 FTT:162 Geonames:H.WADM The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. wadi mouth terrace A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. ENVO ENVO:00000508 EcoLexicon:terrace FTT:247 FTT:248 Geonames:T.BNCH Geonames:T.TRR TERRACE TGN:21498 TGN:21513 Wikipedia:Terrace bench bench bench (natural) ledge rock terrace terrace marine terrace ENVO ENVO:00000509 EcoLexicon:bench FTT:249 Geonames:BNCU Wikipedia:Marine_terrace bench bench (seafloor) marine bench meander neck ENVO ENVO:00000510 FTT:947 FTT:96 Geonames:T.NKM meander neck physiographic feature blanket bog A peatland whose development is mostly independent of basins or topographical features where water collects; it simply covers the landscape like a blanket. Peat develops due to a continuous supply of water from rainfall, maintaining waterlogged conditions on the ground. Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2. ENVO ENVO:00000511 SWEETRealm:BlanketBog Wikipedia:Blanket_bog wetland pond bed ENVO ENVO:00000512 The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. pond bottom reservoir bed ENVO ENVO:00000513 The ground surface that lies beneath a reservoir. reservoir bottom crater A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action. CRATER ENVO ENVO:00000514 FTT:219 Geonames:T.CRTR SWEETRealm:Crater TGN:21408 Wikipedia:Crater caldera carter road cut A cut to provide passage for a road. ENVO ENVO:00000515 Geonames:R.RDCUT road cut hammock A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. ENVO ENVO:00000516 FTT:783 Geonames:T.HMCK SWEETRealm:Hummock Wikipedia:Hammock hummock lost stream A surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area. ENVO ENVO:00000517 FTT:105 FTT:931 Geonames:H.STMSB TGN:21112 lost river lost river lost watercourse stream ditch mouth ENVO ENVO:00000518 FTT:129 FTT:399 Geonames:H.DTCHM The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. canal ditch mouth agricultural terrace ENVO ENVO:00000519 Wikipedia:Agricultural_terrace landslide A mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area. ENVO ENVO:00000520 EcoLexicon:landslide FTT:1076 FTT:914 FTT:96 Geonames:T.SLID SWEETRealm:Landslide TGN:21507 Wikipedia:Landslide landslip physiographic feature slide slide (natural) rockfall An irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope. ENVO ENVO:00000521 EcoLexicon:rockfall FTT:1072 FTT:96 Geonames:T.RKFL TGN:21504 Wikipedia:Rockfall physiographic feature rockfall canal tunnel A tunnel through which a canal passes. ENVO ENVO:00000522 FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:H.TNLC Wikipedia:Canal_tunnel canal tunnel tunnel cutoff A channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck. ENVO ENVO:00000523 FTT:462 Geomames:CUTF TGN:21134 Wikipedia:Cutoff cut off cutoff (hydrographic) cuttoff abandoned watercourse A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. ENVO ENVO:00000524 Geonames:H.STMQ TGN:21113 abandoned watercourse canalized stream A stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened. ENVO ENVO:00000525 FTT:129 FTT:398 Geonames:H.STMC canal canalised stream canalized stream cleft A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. ENVO ENVO:00000526 Geonames:T.CFT Wikipedia:Cleft cleft interfluve A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. ENVO ENVO:00000527 FTT:707 FTT:874 Geonames:T.INTF TGN:21450 interfluve plain ice cap ridge A linear elevation on an icecap. ENVO ENVO:00000528 FTT:155 FTT:844 Geonames:H.RDGG icecap reach ridge beach ridge A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. ENVO ENVO:00000529 FTT:236 Geonames:T.RDGB Wikipedia:Beach_ridge beach ridge apron A gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts. ENVO ENVO:00000530 EcoLexicon:apron FTT:122 Geonames:U.APNU TGN:23187 Wikipedia:Apron apron apron (geological) archipelago apron undersea apron ice cap depression A depression which is part of an ice cap. ENVO ENVO:00000531 FTT:839 Geonames:H.DPRG TGN:21145 icecap depression icecap depression intermittent saline evaporation pond ENVO ENVO:00000532 FTT:881 Geonames:H.PNDNI intermittent salt pond lake landfill A site at which refuse is dumped, normally filling a natural or artificial depression. ENVO ENVO:00000533 FTT:621 FTT:624 Wikipedia:Landfill disposal site pothole ENVO ENVO:00000534 FTT:1071 Wikipedia:Pothole weir A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. ENVO ENVO:00000535 FTT:603 Geonames:S.WEIR TGN:51265 Wikipedia:Weir weir moatan An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations. ENVO ENVO:00000536 Geonames:U.MOTU moatan boulder field A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks. ENVO ENVO:00000537 FTT:289 Geonames:T.BLDR TGN:21501 boulder field arrugado An undersea area of subdued corrugations off Baja California. ENVO ENVO:00000538 FTT:167 Geonames:U.ARRU arrugado Add partially surrounded by marine water or similar sill ENVO ENVO:00000539 EcoLexicon:sill FTT:740 Geonames:H.SILL SWEETRealm:Sill TGN:21367 The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. Wikipedia:Sill gap sill sill (physiographic) brackish lake ENVO ENVO:00000540 brackish pond ENVO ENVO:00000541 kame An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. ENVO ENVO:00000542 EcoLexicon:kame Wikipedia:Kame mount ridge swale A low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy. The term can refer to a natural landscape feature or a human-created one. When created by humans, this open drain system is designed to manage water runoff. ENVO ENVO:00000543 EcoLexicon:swale trough leat A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. ENVO ENVO:00000544 Wikipedia:Leat lete shingle beach A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. ENVO ENVO:00000545 Wikipedia:Shingle_beach pebble beach lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00000546 SedimentLayer waterhole A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. ENVO ENVO:00000547 FTT:828 Geonames:H.WTRH TGN:21184 Wikipedia:Waterhole water hole water hole waterhole gravel field ENVO ENVO:00000548 Geonames:L.GVL TGN:21502 gravel field area intermittent water body A water body that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. ENVO ENVO:00000549 TGN:21198 intermittent body of water range of seamounts ENVO ENVO:00000550 Geonames:U.CDAU TGN:23131 TGN:23145 TGN:23344 cordillera seamount chain seamount group seamount range undersea cordillera undersea mountain chain undersea range endorheic basin A drainage basin from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. ENVO ENVO:00000551 EcoLexicon:endorheic_basin Wikipedia:Endorheic_basin closed basin terminal basin talik An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost. ENVO ENVO:00000552 Talik Wikipedia:Talik multipurpose dam A dam constructed for more than one purpose. ENVO ENVO:00000553 saddle dam An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. ENVO ENVO:00000554 check dam A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. ENVO ENVO:00000555 SWEETRealm:CheckDam wing dam A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment. ENVO ENVO:00000556 Wikipedia:Wing_dam dry dam A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream. ENVO ENVO:00000557 Wikipedia:Dry_dam diversionary dam A dam designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. ENVO ENVO:00000558 Wikipedia:Diversionary_dam weapons test site A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. ENVO ENVO:00000559 nuclear weapons test site A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. ENVO ENVO:00000560 military training area A region in which military personnel train. ENVO ENVO:00000561 park A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. ENVO ENVO:00000562 Wikipedia:Park pier A raised walkway over water, supported by piles or pillars. ENVO ENVO:00000563 EcoLexicon:pier Wikipedia:Pier archeological site A place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which is, has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. ENVO ENVO:00000564 Wikipedia:Archeological_site sports facility A building or region where sports activities can be carried out. ENVO ENVO:00000565 winter sports facility A sports facility constructed for skiing and allied sports that require snow and/or ice. ENVO ENVO:00000566 calanque A deep valley with steep sides, typically of limestone, in part submerged by the sea. ENVO ENVO:00000567 Wikipedia:Calanque arboreal habitat 1 A habitat in or on trees. ENVO ENVO:00000571 subterrestrial habitat 1 A habitat that is below the surface of the earth. ENVO ENVO:00000572 hypogeal habitat subterranean habitat underground habitat city ENVO ENVO:00000856 EcoLexicon:city FTT:430 FTT:483 FTT:484 FTT:485 Incorporated populated place. SWEETRealm:City TGN:83020 TGN:83040 TGN:83043 Wikipedia:City municipality town urban area village freshwater biome A biome that applies to the freshwater realm. ENVO ENVO:00000873 SPIRE:Freshwater freshwater realm Large river biome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large rivers" (e.g. the Mekong river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. ENVO ENVO:00000887 Large river headwater biome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river headwaters" (e.g. the Upper Amazon headwaters) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-headwater-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. ENVO ENVO:00000888 Large river delta biome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river deltas" (e.g. the Niger river delta) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-delta-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. ENVO ENVO:00000889 Small river biome "Small" is ambiguous. For details on "Small rivers" (e.g. the Salween river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-river-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. ENVO ENVO:00000890 Large lake biome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large lakes" (e.g. African rift lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-lake-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. ENVO ENVO:00000891 Small lake biome "Small" is ambiguous. For details on "Small lakes" (e.g. Cameroon crater lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-lake-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. ENVO ENVO:00000892 Xeric basin biome ENVO ENVO:00000893 rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. ENVO ENVO:00001995 EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 From Wikipedia: [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 Wikipedia:Rock mine drainage ENVO ENVO:00001996 The outflow of water from a mine. acid mine drainage A mine drainage with an acidic pH. ENVO ENVO:00001997 Wikipedia:Acid_mine_drainage acid rock drainage soil Any material within 2 m from the Earth's surface that is in contact with the atmosphere, with the exclusion of living organisms, areas with continuous ice not covered by other material, and water bodies deeper than 2 m. ENVO ENVO:00001998 SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil Wikipedia:Soil marine water body ENVO ENVO:00001999 slope ENVO ENVO:00002000 EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope The part of an elevation or depression between the relatively flat surrounding area and the peak of a mount or the bottom of a depression. Wikipedia:Slope flank side waste water ENVO ENVO:00002001 EcoLexicon:waste_water SWEETRealm:Wastewater Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wikipedia:Waste_water food product A substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal or human being for nutrition or pleasure. ENVO ENVO:00002002 Wikipedia:Food feces ENVO ENVO:00002003 EcoLexicon:drop Feces is an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. SPIRE:Dung SWEETRealm:Drop Wikipedia:Feces droppings dung faeces frass pellet mesoscopic physical object An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff. ENVO ENVO:00002004 discrete solid movable (transportable). air ENVO ENVO:00002005 EcoLexicon:air SWEETRealm:Air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. Wikipedia:Air water ENVO ENVO:00002006 EcoLexicon:water The liquid form of dihydrogen monoxide. Wikipedia:Water sediment ENVO ENVO:00002007 EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation SWEETRealm:Sediment Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid. Wikipedia:Sediment dust ENVO ENVO:00002008 EcoLexicon:dust Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere. SWEETRealm:Dust Wikipedia:Dust terrestrial habitat 1 A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002009 saline water ENVO ENVO:00002010 EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater Wikipedia:Saline_water salt water seawater fresh water ENVO ENVO:00002011 EcoLexicon:fresh_water SWEETRealm:FreshWater Wikipedia:Fresh_water freshwater hypersaline water ENVO ENVO:00002012 igneous rock ENVO ENVO:00002013 EcoLexicon:igneous_rock Rock formed from molten magma. SWEETRealm:IgneousRock Wikipedia:Igneous_rock plutonic rock An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002014 SWEETRealm:IntrusiveRock Wikipedia:Plutonic_rock intrusive rock volcanic rock An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. ENVO ENVO:00002015 EcoLexicon:volcanic_rock SWEETRealm:VolcanicRock Wikipedia:Volcanic_rock sedimentary rock A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. ENVO ENVO:00002016 EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock Wikipedia:Sedimentary_rock metamorphic rock A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). ENVO ENVO:00002017 EcoLexicon:metamorphic_rock SWEETRealm:MetamorphicRock Wikipedia:Metamorphic_rock sewage ENVO ENVO:00002018 SWEETRealm:Sewage Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, Wikipedia:Sewage brackish water ENVO ENVO:00002019 EcoLexicon:brackish_water SPIRE:Brackish_water SWEETRealm:BrackishWater Wikipedia:Brackish_water aquatic biome ENVO ENVO:00002030 organism-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living thing. ENVO ENVO:00002032 carcass ENVO ENVO:00002033 The dead body of an animal. Wikipedia:Carcass corpse biofilm A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. ENVO ENVO:00002034 EcoLexicon:biofilm Wikipedia:Biofilm meteorite A natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with the Earth's surface without being destroyed. ENVO ENVO:00002035 SWEETRealm:Meteorite Wikipedia:Meteorite habitat A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. ENVO ENVO:00002036 EcoLexicon:habitat SWEETRealm:Habitat This class is under development and its definition will be revised and its subclasses may be made obsolete. A habitat's specificity to a species or population will differentiate it from other environment classes. Wikipedia:Habitat biotope wood ENVO ENVO:00002040 EcoLexicon:wood SWEETRealm:Wood Wikipedia:Wood ground water ENVO ENVO:00002041 EcoLexicon:groundwater SWEETRealm:Groundwater Wikipedia:Ground_water surface water ENVO ENVO:00002042 EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater Wikipedia:Surface_water wastewater treatment plant ENVO ENVO:00002043 EcoLexicon:wastewater_treatment_plant Wikipedia:Wastewater_treatment_plant sludge ENVO ENVO:00002044 EcoLexicon:sludge The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. Wikipedia:Sludge anaerobic sediment ENVO ENVO:00002045 Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. anoxic sediment activated sludge ENVO ENVO:00002046 EcoLexicon:active_sludge Wikipedia:Activated_sludge urine ENVO ENVO:00002047 Urine is a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. Wikipedia:Urine chondrite A stony meteorite that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. ENVO ENVO:00002048 SWEETRealm:Chondrite Wikipedia:Chondrite stony meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002049 Wikipedia:Stony_meteorite achondrite A stony meteorite that is made of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks. ENVO ENVO:00002050 Wikipedia:Achondrite stony-iron meteorite A meteorite that consists of a mixture of iron-nickel metal and silicate minerals. ENVO ENVO:00002051 iron meteorite A meteorite that overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. ENVO ENVO:00002052 Wikipedia:Iron_meteorite limestone A sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite. ENVO ENVO:00002053 EcoLexicon:limestone Wikipedia:Limestone chalk A soft, white, porous limestone. ENVO ENVO:00002054 Wikipedia:Chalk sandstone A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ENVO ENVO:00002055 EcoLexicon:sandstone Wikipedia:Sandstone shale A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. ENVO ENVO:00002056 Wikipedia:Shale raw primary sludge ENVO ENVO:00002057 secondary sludge ENVO ENVO:00002058 biosolids A treated form of sludge, sometimes used as a fertilizer in agriculture. ENVO ENVO:00002059 Wikipedia:Biosolids oil sludge A solid or gel in motor oil caused by the oil gelling or solidifying, usually at temperatures lower than 100deg C. ENVO ENVO:00002060 Wikipedia:Oil_sludge oil spill ENVO ENVO:00002061 SWEETRealm:OilSpill The result of the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. Wikipedia:Oil_spill oil seep ENVO ENVO:00002063 The result of the release of natural hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth, including beneath the sea, by natural geological processes. Wikipedia:Oil_seep methane seep petroleam seep gold mine drainage ENVO ENVO:00002112 marine sediment ENVO ENVO:00002113 EcoLexicon:marine_sediment EcoLexicon:marine_sedimentation Marine sediment is a sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays. SWEETRealm:MarineSediment Wikipedia:Marine_sediment pelagic sediment {alternative name} contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002114 petroleum contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002115 contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002116 creosote contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002117 sea sand ENVO ENVO:00002118 alkaline hot spring A hot spring whose water has an alkaline pH. ENVO ENVO:00002119 acid hot spring A hot spring whose water has an acidic pH. ENVO ENVO:00002120 acidic hot spring alkaline salt lake ENVO ENVO:00002121 soda lake arsenic-rich mud ENVO ENVO:00002122 bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002123 EcoLexicon:bioreactor Wikipedia:Bioreactor anaerobic bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002124 anaerobic dechlorinating bioreactor A device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. ENVO ENVO:00002125 aerobic bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002126 stream sediment ENVO ENVO:00002127 mesophilic sulfur spring ENVO ENVO:00002128 anaerobic sludge ENVO ENVO:00002129 hypolimnion ENVO ENVO:00002130 EcoLexicon:hypolimnion The dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. Wikipedia:Hypolimnion epilimnion ENVO ENVO:00002131 EcoLexicon:epilimnion_ The top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake, occurring above the deeper hypolimnion. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. Wikipedia:Epilimnion metalimnion ENVO ENVO:00002132 Especially used in connection with lakes. The layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. Wikipedia:Metalimnion thermocline anaerobic mud ENVO ENVO:00002133 anoxic mud anaerobic stream sediment ENVO ENVO:00002134 treated wood ENVO ENVO:00002135 Wikipedia:Treated_wood arsenate treated wood ENVO ENVO:00002136 brackish estuary ENVO ENVO:00002137 beach sand ENVO ENVO:00002138 pebble A clastic rock with a particle size of 4 to 64 millimeters based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology. ENVO ENVO:00002139 EcoLexicon:pebble SWEETRealm:Pebble Wikipedia:Pebble cobble A rock or rock fragment with a particle size between 64 and 256 mm. ENVO ENVO:00002140 EcoLexicon:cobble SWEETRealm:Cobble Wikipedia:Cobble leachate ENVO ENVO:00002141 The liquid produced when water percolates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both. Wikipedia:Leachate borax leachate ENVO ENVO:00002142 calcite hot spring ENVO ENVO:00002143 cave wall ENVO ENVO:00002144 chromate contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002145 xylene contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002146 coal mine lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00002147 coarse beach sand ENVO ENVO:00002148 sea water ENVO ENVO:00002149 EcoLexicon:sea_water SWEETRealm:SeaWater Wikipedia:Sea_water ocean water coastal water ENVO ENVO:00002150 coastal water biofilter ENVO ENVO:00002152 Wikipedia:Biofilter compost biofilter ENVO ENVO:00002153 radioactive sediment ENVO ENVO:00002154 high-level radioactive sediment ENVO ENVO:00002155 Superfund site A highly contaminated site designated by the United States of America's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. ENVO ENVO:00002156 Wikipedia:Superfund_Site stromatolite mat ENVO ENVO:00002157 ditch water ENVO ENVO:00002158 drilling bore water ENVO ENVO:00002159 estuarine mud ENVO ENVO:00002160 fermented agave juice ENVO ENVO:00002161 fermenting sugar cane juice ENVO ENVO:00002162 fermenting Elaeis Palm sap ENVO ENVO:00002163 fossil ENVO ENVO:00002164 SWEETRealm:Fossil The mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms. Wikipedia:Fossil meat food product A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. ENVO ENVO:00002165 Wikipedia:Meat sausage A food made from ground meat. Typically the sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes synthetic ENVO ENVO:00002166 Wikipedia:Sausage platinum mine ENVO ENVO:00002167 gold mine ENVO ENVO:00002168 Wikipedia:Gold_mine coal mine ENVO ENVO:00002169 Wikipedia:Coal_mine compost ENVO ENVO:00002170 The aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. Wikipedia:Compost hay compost ENVO ENVO:00002171 liver paste ENVO ENVO:00002172 hospital ENVO ENVO:00002173 Wikipedia:Hospital hot dog A moist sausage of soft, even texture and flavor, often made from advanced meat recovery or meat slurry. Most types are fully cooked, cured or smoked. It is often placed hot in a special purpose soft, sliced hot dog bun. ENVO ENVO:00002174 Wikipedia:Hot_dog processed meat product ENVO ENVO:00002175 prepared meat product contaminated sludge ENVO ENVO:00002176 1,4-dioxane contaminated sludge ENVO ENVO:00002177 intertidal sediment ENVO ENVO:00002179 naphthalene contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002180 neutral hot spring A hot spring whose water has a neutral pH. ENVO ENVO:00002181 nitrobenzene contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002182 oil tank ENVO ENVO:00002183 Wikipedia:Oil_tank underground physiographic feature ENVO ENVO:00002184 oil reservoir ENVO ENVO:00002185 Wikipedia:Oil_reservoir contaminated water ENVO ENVO:00002186 EcoLexicon:water_pollution Wikipedia:Contaminated_water polluted water milk formula ENVO ENVO:00002187 Wikipedia:Milk_formula powdered milk formula ENVO ENVO:00002188 cheese product ENVO ENVO:00002189 Wikipedia:Cheese yogurt A dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. ENVO ENVO:00002190 Wikipedia:Yogurt yoghourt yoghurt yougert animal litter ENVO ENVO:00002191 Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. poultry litter ENVO ENVO:00002192 Wikipedia:Poultry_litter pulp-bleaching waste water ENVO ENVO:00002193 oil field production water ENVO ENVO:00002194 pyritic acid mine drainage ENVO ENVO:00002195 aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002196 Wikipedia:Aquarium saline water aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002197 salt water aquarium fresh water aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002198 Wikipedia:Fresh_water_aquarium sandy beach ENVO ENVO:00002199 sea ice ENVO ENVO:00002200 SWEETRealm:SeaIce Wikipedia:Sea_ice cis-dichloroethane contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002201 organically contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002202 inorganically contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002203 anthropogenic contamination feature ENVO ENVO:00002204 unexploded-ordnance dump ENVO ENVO:00002205 coal mine waste ENVO ENVO:00002206 coal refuse self-heating coal mine waste ENVO ENVO:00002207 saline lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00002209 soda lake sediment sulfide-oxidizing bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002210 thermophilic anaerobic methanogenic reactor ENVO ENVO:00002211 thermophilic granular sludge ENVO ENVO:00002212 anaerobic sludge blanket reactor ENVO ENVO:00002213 power plant ENVO ENVO:00002214 SWEETRealm:PowerPlant Wikipedia:Power_plant geothermal power plant ENVO ENVO:00002215 SWEETRealm:GeothermalPowerPlant Wikipedia:Geothermal_power_plant plant food product ENVO ENVO:00002216 Wikipedia:Vegetable cabbage product ENVO ENVO:00002217 Wikipedia:Cabbage commercial yogurt ENVO ENVO:00002218 cheese starter culture ENVO ENVO:00002219 shop ENVO ENVO:00002221 Wikipedia:Shop food shop ENVO ENVO:00002222 oligotrophic water ENVO ENVO:00002223 Water with a very low nutrient level. eutrophic water ENVO ENVO:00002224 Water with a high nutrient level. mesotrophic water ENVO ENVO:00002225 Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic. borehole ENVO ENVO:00002226 SWEETRealm:Borehole Wikipedia:Borehole pond water ENVO ENVO:00002228 arenosol Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. ENVO ENVO:00002229 Wikipedia:Arenosol psamment sandy soil anthrosol Anthrosols comprise soils that have been modified profoundly through human activities, such as addition of organic materials or household wastes, irrigation and cultivation. ENVO ENVO:00002230 alisol Alisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have a low base saturation at certain depths and high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon. They lack the albeluvic tonguing as in Albeluvisols. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and warm temperate regions. ENVO ENVO:00002231 andosol Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. ENVO ENVO:00002232 albeluvisol Albeluvisols are soils that have, beginning within 1 m of the soil surface, a clay illuviation horizon with an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting in tonguing of bleached soil material into the illuviation horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002233 acrisol Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. ENVO ENVO:00002234 Wikipedia:Acrisol cambisol Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. ENVO ENVO:00002235 cryosol Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. ENVO ENVO:00002236 Wikipedia:Cryosol gelisol chernozem Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. ENVO ENVO:00002237 Wikipedia:Chernozem black earth boroll durisol Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface. ENVO ENVO:00002238 Wikipedia:Durisol calcisol Calcisols are soils in which there is substantial secondary accumulation of lime. Calcisols are common in highly calcareous parent materials and widespread in arid and semi-arid environments. ENVO ENVO:00002239 kastanozem ENVO ENVO:00002240 Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. leptosol ENVO ENVO:00002241 Leptosols are very shallow soils over continuous rock and soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Leptosols are azonal soils and particularly common in mountainous regions. stony soil gravelly soil lixisol ENVO ENVO:00002242 Lixisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Lixisols have a high base saturation and low-activity clays at certain depths. Wikipedia:Lixisol histosol ENVO ENVO:00002243 Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. Wikipedia:Histosol gleysol ENVO ENVO:00002244 Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. Wikipedia:Gleysol gley soil gypsisol ENVO ENVO:00002245 Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. Wikipedia:Gypsisol ferralsol ENVO ENVO:00002246 Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. Wikipedia:Ferralsol oxisol nitisol ENVO ENVO:00002247 Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. luvisol ENVO ENVO:00002248 Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. phaeozem ENVO ENVO:00002249 Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. plinthosol ENVO ENVO:00002250 Plinthosols are soils with plinthite, petroplinthite or pisoliths. Plinthite is an Fe-rich (in some cases also Mn-rich), humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay (and other products of strong weathering such as gibbsite) with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a layer with hard nodules, a hardpan or irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Petroplinthite is a continuous, fractured or broken sheet of connected, strongly cemented to indurated nodules or mottles. Pisoliths are discrete strongly cemented to indurated nodules. Both petroplinthite and pisoliths develop from plinthite by hardening. planosol ENVO ENVO:00002251 Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. solonchak ENVO ENVO:00002252 Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. Wikipedia:Solonchak umbrisol ENVO ENVO:00002253 Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. Wikipedia:Umbrisol vertisol A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002254 Wikipedia:Vertisol solonetz ENVO ENVO:00002255 Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). Wikipedia:Solonetz regosol ENVO ENVO:00002256 Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. Wikipedia:Regosol podzol ENVO ENVO:00002257 Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. Wikipedia:Podzol podosolic soil podsol loam A soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). ENVO ENVO:00002258 EcoLexicon:loam SWEETRealm:Loam Wikipedia:Loam agricultural soil ENVO ENVO:00002259 dune soil ENVO ENVO:00002260 forest soil ENVO ENVO:00002261 clay soil ENVO ENVO:00002262 garden soil ENVO ENVO:00002263 waste ENVO ENVO:00002264 EcoLexicon:waste SWEETRealm:Waste Wikipedia:Waste agricultural waste ENVO ENVO:00002265 Wastewater produced in the course of agricultural activities Wikipedia:Agricultural_waste chicken breeding waste ENVO ENVO:00002266 chicken yard waste industrial waste ENVO ENVO:00002267 Wikipedia:Industrial_waste sphagnum bog A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum. ENVO ENVO:00002268 thermocline A layer within a fluid where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. ENVO ENVO:00002269 EcoLexicon:thermocline SWEETRealm:Thermocline Wikipedia:Thermocline chemocline A layer within a fluid where the chemical composition changes rapidly with depth. ENVO ENVO:00002270 Wikipedia:Chemocline nuclear power plant ENVO ENVO:00002271 Wikipedia:Nuclear_power_plant waste treatment plant ENVO ENVO:00002272 WWTP fluvisol ENVO ENVO:00002273 Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. Wikipedia:Fluvisols stagnosol ENVO ENVO:00002274 Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. technosol ENVO ENVO:00002275 Technosols are soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), or are sealed by technic hard rock (material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes and constructed soils in human-made materials. animal waste ENVO ENVO:00002276 SWEETRealm:AnimalWaste Wikipedia:Animal_waste back-arc basin A depression in the sea floor that results from the collision of continental plates; the weight of the sinking plate causes the overlying plate to stretch and thin, causing a basin in the overlying plate. Sometimes, the Earth's crust in these basins stretches so much it cracks, allowing magma through from the mantle beneath. Hence, basins often contain active volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. ENVO ENVO:00002277 EcoLexicon:basin SWEETRealm:BackArcBasin SWEETRealm:Basin Wikipedia:Back-arc_basin backarc basin basin environmental feature A material entity determines an environmental system when its removal would cause the collapse of that system. For example, a seamount determines a seamount environment, acting as its 'hub'. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. A material entity which determines an environmental system. ENVO ENVO:00002297 ocean basin A structural basin that is below sea level. ENVO ENVO:00002450 EcoLexicon:ocean_basin Wikipedia:Ocean_basin hay ENVO ENVO:00002869 Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. Wikipedia:Hay adobe A natural building material mode from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure). ENVO ENVO:00002870 alluvial soil ENVO ENVO:00002871 Wikipedia:Alluvial_soil bagasse ENVO ENVO:00002872 The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. Wikipedia:Bagasse sugarcane bagasse organic waste ENVO ENVO:00002873 Wikipedia:Organic_waste air conditioning unit ENVO ENVO:00002874 oil contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002875 warm seep ENVO ENVO:00002926 clay A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. ENVO ENVO:00002982 EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay Wikipedia:Clay fuel oil ENVO ENVO:00002983 Wikipedia:Fuel_oil petroleum ENVO ENVO:00002984 Wikipedia:Petroleum a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. crude oil oil A viscous liquid state at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic and lipophilic. ENVO ENVO:00002985 EcoLexicon:oil Wikipedia:Oil silage A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. ENVO ENVO:00003030 Wikipedia:Silage animal manure ENVO ENVO:00003031 fresh animal manure ENVO ENVO:00003032 mushroom compost ENVO ENVO:00003033 Wikipedia:Mushroom_compost wort ENVO ENVO:00003037 The liquid extracted from the mashing process during the brewing of beer or whiskey. Wort contains the sugars that will be fermented by the brewing yeast to produce alcohol. beer wort ENVO ENVO:00003038 acifified beer wort ENVO ENVO:00003039 animal house ENVO ENVO:00003040 Wikipedia:Animal_house cow shed ENVO ENVO:00003041 piggery ENVO ENVO:00003042 Wikipedia:Piggery sewage plant ENVO ENVO:00003043 Wikipedia:Sewage_plant brine ENVO ENVO:00003044 EcoLexicon:brine SWEETRealm:Brine Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). It is used (now less popular than historically) to preserve vegetables, fish, and meat. Wikipedia:Brine bacon curing brine ENVO ENVO:00003045 Bleu de Bresse A short cylinder of soft to semisoft blue cheese made with cow's milk. Bresse Blue ENVO ENVO:00003046 butter A food made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. ENVO ENVO:00003047 Wikipedia:Butter pickled cabbage ENVO ENVO:00003048 Camembert ENVO ENVO:00003049 Wikipedia:Camembert cane sugar ENVO ENVO:00003050 Wikipedia:Cane_sugar Cheddar cheese ENVO ENVO:00003051 Wikipedia:Cheddar Brie A large disc of smooth, soft, even runny cheese made with cow's milk. ENVO ENVO:00003052 Wikipedia:Brie Gouda A hard cow's milk cheese with an almost orange yellow paste. Older cheeses are coated in black wax. ENVO ENVO:00003053 Wikipedia:Gouda halloumi A soft to semihard cheese made with sheep or goat's milk. It has a white paste and is made with raw, whole milk. The curds are heated to boiling point in whey and then drained and kept in salted whey. ENVO ENVO:00003054 Wikipedia:Halloumi Gorgonzola A drum of very rich, creamy, pungent blue-veined cow's milk cheese. It has a white paste with blue veining and a brined rind. It is made in Gorgonzola, near Milan. ENVO ENVO:00003055 Wikipedia:Gorgonzola Swiss cheese A generic cheese common to many countries for several related varieties of cheese which resemble the Swiss Emmental. Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus (L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), and Propionibacter (P. freudenreichii or P. shermani). In a late stage of cheese production, the Propionibacter consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria, and releases carbon dioxide gas, which slowly forms the bubbles that develop the eyes. Swiss cheese without eyes is known as "blind." ENVO ENVO:00003056 Wikipedia:Swiss Emmenthal A mild, large, yellow, waxy cow's milk cheese with many holes. ENVO ENVO:00003057 Harzer A German sour milk cheese made from low fat curd cheese, which contains only about one percent fat and originates in the Harz mountain region south of Braunschweig. ENVO ENVO:00003058 Harzerkaese New Zealand Cheddar ENVO ENVO:00003059 Pont l'Eveque A small, sweetish, soft, square cow's milk cheese from Normandy with a yellowish-orange rind. ENVO ENVO:00003060 Wikipedia:Pont_l'Eveque Vacherin Mont d'Or A disc of soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a soft to runny paste and a smooth, pink rind. ENVO ENVO:00003061 Wikipedia:Vacherin_Mont_d'Or pork ENVO ENVO:00003062 Meat from the domestic pig (Sus domesticus). Wikipedia:Pork cured meat A meat that is preserved by the addition of a combination of salt, sugar, nitrates or nitrite and or is smoked. ENVO ENVO:00003063 Wikipedia:Cured_meat drinking water ENVO ENVO:00003064 EcoLexicon:drinking_water SWEETRealm:DrinkingWater Wikipedia:Drinking_water distilled water ENVO ENVO:00003065 Wikipedia:Distilled_water chicken meat product ENVO ENVO:00003066 Wikipedia:Chicken beef ENVO ENVO:00003067 Meat from bovines, especially domestic cattle (cows). Wikipedia:Beef bovine milk ENVO ENVO:00003068 ovine milk ENVO ENVO:00003069 Wikipedia:Sheep_milk sheep milk caprine milk ENVO ENVO:00003070 grass silage ENVO ENVO:00003071 ice cream A frozen dessert usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in addition to (or in replacement of) the natural ingredients. This mixture is stirred slowly while cooling to prevent large ice crystals from forming; the result is a smoothly textured ice cream. ENVO ENVO:00003072 Wikipedia:Ice_cream ice-cream seafood product ENVO ENVO:00003073 Wikipedia:Seafood manufactured product ENVO ENVO:00003074 Wikipedia:Manufactured_product anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature ENVO ENVO:00003075 glue ENVO ENVO:00003076 Wikipedia:Glue jeotgal A fermented salty fish of Korean cuisine. ENVO ENVO:00003077 Wikipedia:Jeotgal Meshanger cheese ENVO ENVO:00003078 pork chop A cut of meat (a meat chop) cut perpendicularly to the spine of the pig and usually containing a rib or part of a vertebra, served as an individual portion. ENVO ENVO:00003079 Wikipedia:Pork_chop metal contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00003081 enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003082 sarcosine enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003083 trimethylamine enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003084 skatole enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003085 ethanol enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003086 acetamide enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003087 pantothenate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003088 testosterone enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003089 kynurenate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003090 threonine enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003091 salicylate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003092 poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003093 L-(+)-tartrate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003094 quinate enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00003095 tap water ENVO ENVO:00003096 Wikipedia:Tap_water bore hole water ENVO ENVO:00003097 tannery ENVO ENVO:00003323 Wikipedia:Tannery tempeh ENVO ENVO:00003779 Tempeh/Tempe is made by a natural culturing and controlled fermentation process that binds soybean particles into a cake form. Wikipedia:Tempeh horse manure ENVO ENVO:00003859 Wikipedia:Horse_manure pig manure ENVO ENVO:00003860 industrial building ENVO ENVO:00003861 dairy ENVO ENVO:00003862 Wikipedia:Dairy food processing factory ENVO ENVO:00003863 bakery ENVO ENVO:00003864 Wikipedia:Bakery straw An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. ENVO ENVO:00003869 Wikipedia:Straw rice straw ENVO ENVO:00003870 fermented rice beverage ENVO ENVO:00003871 amasake ENVO ENVO:00003872 Wikipedia:Amasake fermented dairy product ENVO ENVO:00003873 Wikipedia:Fermented_dairy_product fermented fish product ENVO ENVO:00003874 Wikipedia:Fermented_fish sea water fish product ENVO ENVO:00003875 Wikipedia:Fish flour A fine powder made from cereals or other starchy food sources. ENVO ENVO:00003876 Wikipedia:Flour plant fruit food product ENVO ENVO:00003877 Wikipedia:Fruit fruit extract product ENVO ENVO:00003878 apple juice ENVO ENVO:00003879 Wikipedia:Apple_juice awamori ENVO ENVO:00003880 Wikipedia:Awamori bacon Any of certain cuts of meat taken from the sides, belly or back of a pig that may be cured and/or smoked. ENVO ENVO:00003881 Wikipedia:Bacon fermented millet food product ENVO ENVO:00003882 millet beer ENVO ENVO:00003883 Wikipedia:Millet_beer bantu beer farmyard manure ENVO ENVO:00003884 brewery ENVO ENVO:00003885 Wikipedia:Brewery bottled beer ENVO ENVO:00003886 blue cheese A class of cow's milk, sheep's milk, or goat's milk cheeses that have had Penicillium cultures added so that the final product is spotted or veined throughout with blue, blue-gray or blue-green mould, and carries a distinct smell. ENVO ENVO:00003887 Wikipedia:Blue_cheese bottled fruit product ENVO ENVO:00003888 buttermilk ENVO ENVO:00003889 The liquid left over after producing butter from cream during the churning process. Wikipedia:Buttermilk canned fruit product ENVO ENVO:00003890 fermented fruit product ENVO ENVO:00003891 cosmetic product ENVO ENVO:00003893 face cream product ENVO ENVO:00003894 paper product ENVO ENVO:00003895 currency note ENVO ENVO:00003896 miso A food produced by fermenting rice, barley and/or soybeans, with salt and the mold koji-kin (Aspergillus oryzae). ENVO ENVO:00003898 Wikipedia:Miso must ENVO ENVO:00003899 Must is the juice of freshly pressed grapes, that contains various quantities of pulp, skins, stems, and seeds, called pomace or grape solids, which typically comprise between 7 to 23 percent of the total weight of the must. Wikipedia:Must rye grass silage ENVO ENVO:00003900 aviation fuel ENVO ENVO:00003903 Wikipedia:Aviation_fuel jet fuel yeast cake ENVO ENVO:00003904 vinegar A liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid. ENVO ENVO:00003905 Wikipedia:Vinegar malt vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003906 Vinegar is made by malting barley, causing the starch in the grain to turn to maltose. Wikipedia:Malt_vinegar nonfat dry milk ENVO ENVO:00003907 poultry deep litter ENVO ENVO:00003908 sake brewery ENVO ENVO:00003911 sake ENVO ENVO:00003912 Wikipedia:Sake salt pork ENVO ENVO:00003913 Wikipedia:Salt_pork chalk soil ENVO ENVO:00003914 fermented soybean product ENVO ENVO:00003915 research station A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. ENVO ENVO:00003919 Wikipedia:Research_station stable manure ENVO ENVO:00003927 pickled food product A food preserved by soaking and storing it in vinegar or brine. ENVO ENVO:00003928 Wikipedia:Pickle tape kefan ENVO ENVO:00003929 scum A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially water or molten metal). ENVO ENVO:00003930 Wikipedia:Scum warehouse ENVO ENVO:00003963 Wikipedia:Warehouse tobacco warehouse ENVO ENVO:00003964 anaerobic digester sludge ENVO ENVO:00003965 Bondon cheese A soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a creamy paste and a greyish-red and downy white penicillin rind and is sometimes foil-wrapped. ENVO ENVO:00003966 creamery ENVO ENVO:00003967 Wikipedia:Creamery air filter ENVO ENVO:00003968 Wikipedia:Air_filter bitter cheese ENVO ENVO:00003969 sugar ENVO ENVO:00003970 Wikipedia:Sugar brown sugar ENVO ENVO:00003971 Wikipedia:Brown_sugar evaporated milk product ENVO ENVO:00003972 Wikipedia:Evaporated_milk kefir A fermented milk drink made from milk. It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep's milk with kefir grains, a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars. This symbiotic matrix forms "grains" that resemble cauliflower. Many different bacteria and yeasts are found in the kefir grains, which are a complex and highly variable community of micro-organisms termed probiotics. ENVO ENVO:00003973 vegetable oil A lipid material derived from plants. Physically, oils are liquid at room temperature. ENVO ENVO:00003975 ENVO:0010145 Wikipedia:Vegetable_oil linseed oil ENVO ENVO:00003976 Wikipedia:Linseed_oil maize flour ENVO ENVO:00003977 potato silage ENVO ENVO:00003978 sour milk ENVO ENVO:00003979 Wikipedia:Sour_milk dried milk product ENVO ENVO:00003980 Wikipedia:Dried_milk travertine A natural chemical precipitate of carbonate minerals; typically aragonite, but often recrystallized to or primarily calcite; which is deposited from the water of mineral springs (especially hot springs) or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. ENVO ENVO:00003982 Wikipedia:Travertine sawmill ENVO ENVO:00004638 Wikipedia:Sawmill karst field A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 km2. ENVO ENVO:00004683 Wikipedia:Karst_field karst polje polje foam ENVO ENVO:00005738 Wikipedia:Foam sea foam ENVO ENVO:00005739 Wikipedia:Sea_foam paddy field soil ENVO ENVO:00005740 rice paddy soil alpine soil ENVO ENVO:00005741 arable soil ENVO ENVO:00005742 roadside soil ENVO ENVO:00005743 allotment garden soil ENVO ENVO:00005744 allotment garden ENVO ENVO:00005745 Wikipedia:Allotment_garden savanna soil ENVO ENVO:00005746 compost soil ENVO ENVO:00005747 dry soil ENVO ENVO:00005748 farm soil ENVO ENVO:00005749 grassland soil ENVO ENVO:00005750 jungle soil ENVO ENVO:00005751 sawah soil ENVO ENVO:00005752 urea enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00005753 fertilized soil ENVO ENVO:00005754 field soil ENVO ENVO:00005755 lawn soil ENVO ENVO:00005756 bacteria enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00005757 alluvial swamp soil ENVO ENVO:00005758 alluvial paddy field soil ENVO ENVO:00005759 burned soil ENVO ENVO:00005760 burnt soil meadow soil ENVO ENVO:00005761 chloropicrin enriched soil ENVO ENVO:00005762 humus-rich acidic ash soil ENVO ENVO:00005763 pond soil ENVO ENVO:00005764 frozen compost soil ENVO ENVO:00005765 limed soil ENVO ENVO:00005766 manured soil ENVO ENVO:00005767 orchid soil ENVO ENVO:00005768 mountain forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005769 beech forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005770 muddy soil ENVO ENVO:00005771 orchard soil ENVO ENVO:00005772 pasture soil ENVO ENVO:00005773 peat soil ENVO ENVO:00005774 EcoLexicon:peat SWEETRealm:Peat Wikipedia:Peat_soil peat salt contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00005775 salty soil peaty paddy field soil ENVO ENVO:00005776 steppe soil ENVO ENVO:00005777 tropical soil ENVO ENVO:00005778 vegetable garden soil ENVO ENVO:00005779 greenhouse soil ENVO ENVO:00005780 heat stressed soil ENVO ENVO:00005781 ornithogenic soil ENVO ENVO:00005782 leafy wood soil ENVO ENVO:00005783 spruce forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005784 volcanic soil ENVO ENVO:00005785 Wikipedia:Volcanic_soil upland soil ENVO ENVO:00005786 eucalyptus forest soil ENVO ENVO:00005787 rubber plantation soil ENVO ENVO:00005788 blue-grass field soil ENVO ENVO:00005789 red soil ENVO ENVO:00005790 sterile water ENVO ENVO:00005791 underground water ENVO ENVO:00005792 SWEETRealm:UndergroundWater subterranean water muddy water ENVO ENVO:00005793 water scum ENVO ENVO:00005794 marine mud ENVO ENVO:00005795 marine sludge ENVO ENVO:00005796 lake bottom mud ENVO ENVO:00005797 acid dune sand ENVO ENVO:00005798 rocky sand ENVO ENVO:00005799 desert sand ENVO ENVO:00005800 rhizosphere ENVO ENVO:00005801 The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. bulk soil ENVO ENVO:00005802 Soil that is not penetrated by the root systems of plants. Wikipedia:Bulk_soil animal habitation ENVO ENVO:00005803 The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. den nest nest of ant A pile of earth, sand, pine needles, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes, and may create nest chambers within the mound. ENVO ENVO:00005804 ant hill ant's nest nest of bird A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. ENVO ENVO:00005805 bird nest bird's nest eyrie animal-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208. ENVO ENVO:00006776 metazoan-associated habitat plant-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here "plant" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae). ENVO ENVO:00009001 mammalia-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living mammal. Here "mammal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:40674. ENVO ENVO:00009002 human-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:9606. ENVO ENVO:00009003 Used for armpits and other nasty places. insecta-associated habitat 1 A habitat that is in or on a living insect. Here "insect" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:50557. ENVO ENVO:00009004 ice rise An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. ENVO ENVO:00009686 Wikipedia:Ice_rise ice piedmont A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. ENVO ENVO:00009725 strand crack ENVO ENVO:00009726 Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. fomite A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A fomite can be anything such as a cloth or mop heads so when cleaning this is important to remember that this could aid when spreading pathogenic organisms. ENVO ENVO:00010358 Wikipedia:Fomite midden A dump for domestic waste. A term used to describe any kind of feature containing waste products relating to day-to-day human life. ENVO ENVO:00010442 Wikipedia:Midden environmental material A portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. ENVO ENVO:00010483 Everything under this parent must be a mass noun. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. portion of environmental material surface layer A surface layer is the uppermost layer of some material entity. ENVO ENVO:00010504 EcoLexicon:surface SWEETRealm:Surface This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Wikipedia:Surface aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. ENVO ENVO:00010505 EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol Wikipedia:Aerosol emulsion A mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). ENVO ENVO:00010506 Wikipedia:Emulsion medical instrument ENVO ENVO:00010621 Wikipedia:Medical_instrument vivarium ENVO ENVO:00010622 Wikipedia:Vivarium dolomite A sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals. ENVO ENVO:00010623 Wikipedia:Dolomite botanical garden A place where a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes. ENVO ENVO:00010624 Wikipedia:Botanical_garden botanic garden zoological garden A facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. ENVO ENVO:00010625 Wikipedia:Zoological_garden zoo zoological park ocean time series station A research facility consisting of instruments that measure the properties of the oceans over time. Usually of at least approximately fixed location. ENVO ENVO:00011764 aquifer An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. ENVO ENVO:00012408 EcoLexicon:aquifer SWEETRealm:Aquifer Wikipedia:Aquifer karst cave ENVO ENVO:00012411 animal food product ENVO ENVO:0010000 anthropogenic environmental material Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 cereal food product ENVO ENVO:0010002 agricultural environmental material ENVO ENVO:0010003 fermented beverage ENVO ENVO:0010005 alcoholic beverage fermented grape beverage ENVO ENVO:0010006 fermented Elaeis Palm beverage ENVO ENVO:0010007 fermented sugar cane beverage ENVO ENVO:0010008 fermented apple beverage ENVO ENVO:00003892 ENVO:0010009 fermented apple apple beverage ENVO ENVO:0010010 orange fruit beverage ENVO ENVO:0010011 grape beverage ENVO ENVO:0010012 fermented cereal beverage ENVO ENVO:0010013 fermented agave beverage ENVO ENVO:0010014 sea water fish egg product ENVO ENVO:0010016 avian egg product ENVO ENVO:0010017 camelid dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010018 bovine dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010019 buffalo dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010020 caprine dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010021 donkey dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010022 equine dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010023 ovine dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010024 yak dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010025 zebra dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010026 reindeer dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010027 water buffalo dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010028 horse dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010029 domestic cattle dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010030 cervid dairy product ENVO ENVO:0010031 camelid milk ENVO ENVO:0010032 equine milk ENVO ENVO:0010033 cervid milk ENVO ENVO:0010034 cow's milk ENVO ENVO:0010035 caprine cheese product ENVO ENVO:0010036 ovine cheese product ENVO ENVO:0010037 bovine cheese product ENVO ENVO:0010038 cow's milk cheese ENVO ENVO:0010039 Limburger A very strong smelling, brick-shaped, soft cow's milk cheese. ENVO ENVO:0010040 goat's milk cheese ENVO ENVO:0010041 sheep's milk cheese ENVO ENVO:0010042 poultry meat product ENVO ENVO:0010043 porcine meat product ENVO ENVO:0010044 condiment A relish, sauce, or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish. ENVO ENVO:0010045 bovine meat product ENVO ENVO:0010046 distilled fermented grain beverage ENVO ENVO:0010047 distilled fermented beverage ENVO ENVO:0010048 soya food product 2010-02-25T08:45:50Z ENVO ENVO:0010049 michaelashburner tea-based beverage ENVO ENVO:0010050 coffee-based beverage ENVO ENVO:0010051 fruit juice beverage ENVO ENVO:0010052 wheat product ENVO ENVO:0010053 maize product ENVO ENVO:0010054 fungal product ENVO ENVO:0010055 yeast product ENVO ENVO:0010056 microbial food product ENVO ENVO:0010057 solanaceous root product ENVO ENVO:0010058 plant root food product ENVO ENVO:0010059 potato product ENVO ENVO:0010060 confectionery product ENVO ENVO:0010061 Food items that are rich in sugar, any one or type of which is called a confection. Modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well. cucurbit fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010062 citrus fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010063 melon fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010064 The fleshy fruit (false berry) of a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Cucumis melo fruit ENVO ENVO:0010065 Citrullus lanatus fruit ENVO ENVO:0010066 watermelon ENVO ENVO:0010067 citrus fruit beverage ENVO ENVO:0010068 pomaceous fruit beverage ENVO ENVO:0010069 pomaceous fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010070 fermented pomaceous fruit beverage ENVO ENVO:0010071 pomaceous fruit extract ENVO ENVO:0010072 citrus fruit extract ENVO ENVO:0010073 grape extract ENVO ENVO:0010074 solanaceous fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010075 tomato product ENVO ENVO:0010076 solanaceous food product ENVO ENVO:0010077 plant inflorescence food product ENVO ENVO:0010078 amaranthaceous food product ENVO ENVO:0010079 leguminous food product Definitions and types from http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm. ENVO ENVO:0010080 pulse cruciferous food product ENVO ENVO:0010081 grape fruit product ENVO ENVO:0010082 cruciferous inflorescence food product ENVO ENVO:0010083 nut food product ENVO ENVO:0010084 plant seed food product ENVO ENVO:0010085 plant lipid food product ENVO ENVO:0010086 plant stem food product ENVO ENVO:0010087 invertebrate food product ENVO ENVO:0010088 insect food product ENVO ENVO:0010089 honey product ENVO ENVO:0010090 amaranthaceous inflorescence food product ENVO ENVO:0010091 processed food product ENVO ENVO:0010092 cooked food product ENVO ENVO:0010093 pickled cruciferous food product ENVO ENVO:0010094 bread ENVO ENVO:0010095 algal food product ENVO ENVO:0010096 rice product ENVO ENVO:0010097 buckewheat product ENVO ENVO:0010098 sorghum product ENVO ENVO:0010099 milet product ENVO ENVO:0010100 oats product ENVO ENVO:0010101 rye product ENVO ENVO:0010102 barley product ENVO ENVO:0010103 quinoa product ENVO ENVO:0010104 fonio product ENVO ENVO:0010105 dry peas product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Pisum. ENVO ENVO:0010106 lentil product A product of the dry seeds of Lens culinaris. ENVO ENVO:0010107 pigeon pea product A product of the dry seeds of Cajanus cajan. ENVO ENVO:0010108 bambara groundnut product A product of the dry seeds of Vigna subterranea. ENVO ENVO:0010109 dry broad beans product A product of the dry seeds of plants of then genus Vicia. ENVO ENVO:0010110 chickpea product A product of the dry seeds of Cicer arietinum. ENVO ENVO:0010111 cowpea product A product of the dry seeds of Vigna unguiculata. ENVO ENVO:0010112 dry beans product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genera Phaseola and Vigna. ENVO ENVO:0010113 winged bean product A product of the dry seeds of Psophocarpus teragonolobus. ENVO ENVO:0010114 vetch seed product A product of the dry seeds of Vicia sativa. ENVO ENVO:0010115 yam bean product A product of the dry seeds of Pachyrrizus erosus. ENVO ENVO:0010116 velvet bean product A product of the dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis. ENVO ENVO:0010117 lupin seed product A product of the dry seeds of Lupinus spp. ENVO ENVO:0010118 jack bean product A product of the dry seeds of Canavalia gladiata. ENVO ENVO:0010119 hyacinth bean product A product of the dry seeds of Lablab purpureus. ENVO ENVO:0010120 pulses ENVO ENVO:0010121 The seeds of leguminous crops harvested solely for dry grain. wheat flour ENVO ENVO:0010122 pasta A food made from an unleavened dough of wheat or buckwheat flour and water, sometimes with other ingredients such as eggs and vegetable extracts. ENVO ENVO:0010123 pastry A food product that is a baked good made from ingredients such as flour, butter, shortening, baking powder or eggs. ENVO ENVO:0010124 baked food product ENVO ENVO:0010125 candy A confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which flavorings and colorants are added. ENVO ENVO:0010126 cacao food product A food product derived from Theobroma cacao. ENVO ENVO:0010127 cream A dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. ENVO ENVO:0010128 milk An opague white dairy product produced by the mammary glands of female mammals. ENVO ENVO:0010129 bee food product ENVO ENVO:0010130 cooked smoked sausage A sausage that is cooked and then smoked or smoke-cooked. ENVO ENVO:0010131 smoked sausage A sausage that is smoked. ENVO ENVO:0010132 fresh smoked sausage A fresh sausages that is smoked. ENVO ENVO:0010133 fresh sausage A sausage made from meats that have not been previously cured. ENVO ENVO:0010134 dry sausage A cured sausage that is fermented and dried. ENVO ENVO:0010135 cooked sausage A sausage made with fresh meats, and then fully cooked. ENVO ENVO:0010136 smoked meat ENVO ENVO:0010137 fruit preserve A fruit product that has been prepared and canned or bottled for long term storage. The preparation of fruit preserves traditionally involves the use of pectin as a gelling agent, although sugar or honey may be used as well. ENVO ENVO:0010138 jam A product made with whole fruit, cut into pieces or crushed. The fruit is heated with water and sugar to activate the pectin in the fruit. The mixture is then put into containers. ENVO ENVO:0010139 rennet product A substance or mixture os substances used to coagulate milk in the manufacture of cheese. ENVO ENVO:0010140 processed cheese product A cheese product made from traditional cheese and emulsifying salts, often with the addition of milk, more salt, preservatives, and food coloring. ENVO ENVO:0010141 mustard A condiment made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white or yellow mustard, Sinapis hirta; brown or Indian mustard, Brassica juncea; or black mustard, Brassica nigra). The whole, ground, cracked, or bruised mustard seeds are mixed with water, vinegar or other liquids, and sometimes other flavorings and spices, to create a thick paste ranging in colour from bright yellow to dark brown. ENVO ENVO:0010142 creamy salad dressing A salad dressing that is usually mayonnaise-based, but which may also contain yogurt, sour cream, or creme fraiche. ENVO ENVO:0010143 vinaigrette A salad dressing that is an emulsion of a vegetable oil and vinegar, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. ENVO ENVO:0010144 nut oil ENVO ENVO:0010146 mayonnaise A stable emulsion of oil, and vinegar or lemon juice, with many options for embellishment with other herbs and spices. Egg yolk is the traditional emulsifier. ENVO ENVO:0010147 soy sauce A condiment produced by fermenting soybeans with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soyae molds along with roasted grain, water, and salt. ENVO ENVO:00003916 ENVO:0010148 Wikipedia:Soy_sauce fresh sea water fish ENVO ENVO:0010149 natural rennet A natural complex of enzymes produced in any mammalian stomach to digest the mother's milk, and is often used in the production of cheese. Rennet contains many enzymes, including a proteolytic enzyme (protease) that coagulates the milk, causing it to separate into solids (curds) and liquid (whey). ENVO ENVO:0010150 microbial rennet A rennet that is an extract of a microorganism or fungus, such as Rhizomucor miehei. ENVO ENVO:0010151 vegetable rennet A rennet that is an extract of a plant. ENVO ENVO:0010152 genetically engineered rennet A rennet made by the expression of cloned calf chymotrypsin genes in bacteria or yeast. ENVO ENVO:0010153 processed pork ENVO ENVO:0010154 spice product A vegetable product such as leaves, flowers, seeds and roots that is rich in essential oils and aromatic principles. Used mainly a a condiment. ENVO ENVO:0010155 animal lipid food product ENVO ENVO:0010156 coffee A brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. ENVO ENVO:0010157 tea A beverage prepared from the cured leaves of Camellia sinensis by combination with hot or boiling water. ENVO ENVO:0010158 hot chocolate A heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. ENVO ENVO:0010159 mate A beverage prepated by steeping dry leaves (and twigs) of yerba mate in hot water. ENVO ENVO:0010160 EcoLexicon:mating dry stream valley ENVO ENVO:0010162 dry river valley ENVO ENVO:0010163 fish food product ENVO ENVO:0010164 freshwater fish product ENVO ENVO:0010165 fish egg product ENVO ENVO:0010166 avian food product ENVO ENVO:0010167 animal derived beverage 2010-02-25T08:36:43Z ENVO ENVO:0010168 michaelashburner plant derived beverage 2010-02-25T08:37:10Z ENVO ENVO:0010169 michaelashburner fermented plant derived beverage 2010-02-25T08:37:36Z ENVO ENVO:0010170 michaelashburner non-fermented plant derived beverage 2010-02-25T08:38:17Z ENVO ENVO:0010171 michaelashburner humus ENVO ENVO:01000000 EcoLexicon:humus Organic matter in soil which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, or millennia. SWEETRealm:Humus Wikipedia:Humus mud A liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay. ENVO ENVO:01000001 EcoLexicon:mud SWEETRealm:Mud Wikipedia:Mud water well ENVO ENVO:01000002 Wikipedia:Water_well oil well ENVO ENVO:01000003 Wikipedia:Oil_well concentration basin mediterranean sea biome 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z ENVO ENVO:01000004 The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. pbuttigieg upwelling ENVO ENVO:01000005 ENVO:01000063 EcoLexicon:upwell EcoLexicon:upwelling SWEETRealm:Upwelling This term is specific to marine upwellings. Wikipedia:Upwelling marine upwelling coastal upwelling An upwelling that is near a coast. ENVO ENVO:01000006 Wikipedia:Coastal_upwelling microbial feature ENVO ENVO:01000007 microbial mat A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. ENVO ENVO:01000008 Wikipedia:Microbial_mat biotic mesoscopic physical object ENVO ENVO:01000009 organic material feature abiotic mesoscopic physical object ENVO ENVO:01000010 dairy product ENVO ENVO:01000011 Food made from milk. Wikipedia:Dairy_product milk product ENVO ENVO:01000012 Wikipedia:Milk fermented food product ENVO ENVO:01000013 Wikipedia:Fermented_food wine ENVO ENVO:01000014 Wikipedia:Wine beer ENVO ENVO:01000015 Wikipedia:Beer silt ENVO ENVO:01000016 EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. Wikipedia: In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. Wikipedia:Silt sand A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. ENVO ENVO:01000017 EcoLexicon:sand SWEETRealm:Sand Wikipedia:Sand gravel ENVO ENVO:01000018 EcoLexicon:gravel Gravel is an environmental material which is composed of pieces of rock that are at least two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension and no more than 75 millimeters. SWEETRealm:Gravel Wikipedia:Gravel The logical def is a little off here - it should really suggest that a gravel is composed of many "pieces" of gravel. cave floor ENVO ENVO:01000019 surface layer with role "walking substrate" or similar. Indicate it is some sort of "bottom" estuarine biome 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000020 Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. SPIRE:Estuarine pbuttigieg marine salt marsh biome 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000022 The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. pbuttigieg marine pelagic biome 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000023 The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. pbuttigieg marine benthic biome 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000024 SPIRE:Benthic The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. pbuttigieg marine neritic benthic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000025 The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level. pbuttigieg marine bathyal zone biome 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000026 The mariine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. pbuttigieg marine abyssal zone biome 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000027 The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain. pbuttigieg marine hadal zone biome 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000028 The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. pbuttigieg marine reef biome 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. ENVO ENVO:01000029 pbuttigieg marine hydrothermal vent biome 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000030 The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. pbuttigieg neritic pelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000032 The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. pbuttigieg oceanic pelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000033 The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. pbuttigieg oceanic sea surface microlayer biome 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000034 The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. pbuttigieg oceanic epipelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000035 The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The oceanic epipelagic zone biome encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. pbuttigieg oceanic mesopelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000036 The oceanic mesopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends through the water column from approximately 200-1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. pbuttigieg oceanic bathypelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000037 The bathypelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below approximately 1000 m water depth - the maximum depth to which detectable daylight penetrates in all but the clearest oligotrophic waters - and extends to about 2500 - 2700 m water depth. In the temperate Atlantic, the beginning of the bathypelagic zone biome approximates to the deep oxygen minimum and the base of the permanent thermocline. pbuttigieg oceanic abyssopelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000038 The abyssopelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below the bathypelagic zone biome at approximately 2500 -2700 m and extends either to the hadal pelagic zone biome (at approximately 6000 m) or to the benthopelagic zone biome within ca. 100 m of the seafloor. The depth of 2700 m may be critical for physiological reasons as the change in hydrostatic pressure across this depth may preclude organism migration. pbuttigieg oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000039 The oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome comprises the water column in oceanic trenches occurring at depths between 6000m and 10,000m. pbuttigieg oceanic benthopelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000040 The benthopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column which usually coincide with the benthic boundary layer (BBL) - the layer of isothermal and isohaline water contiguous to the sea floor. A general reversal in the declining gradient of pelagic biomass may be observed here, perhaps explained by viable nutrition on the sea floor being resuspended by bottom currents. This zone typically extends 100 m above the seafloor, but may reach upto1000 m during benthic storms. pbuttigieg neritic sea surface microlayer biome 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000041 The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. pbuttigieg neritic epipelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000042 The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The epipelagic zone encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. pbuttigieg neritic mesopelagic zone biome 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000043 The neritic mesopelagic zone biome comprises the marine column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from approximately 200 to 1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. pbuttigieg marine pelagic feature 2010-03-16T12:10:50Z A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. ENVO ENVO:01000044 pbuttigieg epeiric sea biome 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z ENVO ENVO:01000045 The epeiric sea (also known as an epicontinental sea) biome comprises a shallow seas that extend over part of a continent. Epeiric seas are usually associated with the marine transgressions of the geologic past, which have variously been due to either global eustatic sea level changes, local tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi-cyclic. epicontinental sea biome pbuttigieg marginal sea biome 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z ENVO ENVO:01000046 The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. pbuttigieg mediterranean sea biome 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z ENVO ENVO:01000047 The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. pbuttigieg ocean biome 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z ENVO ENVO:01000048 The ocean biome comprises major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. pbuttigieg marine coral reef biome 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000049 The marine coral reef biome comprises constructional wave-resistant entities which are primarily built by corals and are often cemented together. The growth of these structures is aided by zooxanthellae, algae that are symbiotic with the reef-building corals. pbuttigieg marine subtidal rocky reef biome 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000050 The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae. pbuttigieg marine black smoker biome 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z A marine black smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by a black vent plume. This black plume is a consequence of dissolved metals and minerals forming complexes with sulphide and indicates polymetallic sulphide mineral deposits beneath the surface. ENVO ENVO:01000051 pbuttigieg marine white smoker biome 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z A marine white smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by lightly hued plumes, typically containing barium, calcium, and silicon. These vents tend to have lower temperature plumes when compared to black smoker environments. ENVO ENVO:01000052 pbuttigieg marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z A marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of themarine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks. Ultramafic rocks are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. ENVO ENVO:01000053 pbuttigieg marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z A marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on basaltic rocks. Basalt generally has a composition of 45 to 55 wt % SiO2, 2 to 6 wt % total alkalis, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % TiO2, 5 to 14 wt % FeO and 14 wt % or more Al2O3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt %, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt %. ENVO ENVO:01000054 pbuttigieg marine algal bloom 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. ENVO ENVO:01000057 EcoLexicon:red_tide pbuttigieg red tide kelp forest 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000058 Kelp forests and beds may extend many meters above the sea floor, thus should not be considered a type of "bed". Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. kelp bed pbuttigieg sea grass bed 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000059 Seagrass beds are highly diverse and productive ecosystems, and can harbour hundreds of associated species from all phyla. They partly create their own habitat: the leaves slow down water-currents increasing sedimentation, and the seagrass roots and rhizomes stabilize the seabed. pbuttigieg marine wind mixed layer 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000061 The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing. pbuttigieg epipelagic mixed layer marine benthic storm 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z Benthic storms are strong benthic (near bottom) currents transporting sediment, created by the input of energy (largely kinetic) to the seabed. In regions with high mesoscale eddy activity, benthic storms are frequent and can create isohaline and isothermal conditions extending as much as 1000m above the seafloor. ENVO ENVO:01000062 pbuttigieg marine downwelling 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z A marine downwelling describes a net current of marine surface water towards deeper regions of the water column. Marine downwellings are usually caused by differences in the density (and hence, temperature and salinity) of seawater. ENVO ENVO:01000064 pbuttigieg marine oxygen minimum zone 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000065 pbuttigieg marine anoxic zone 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000066 Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen. SWEETRealm:DeadZone dead zone pbuttigieg marine current 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z A marine current is a continuous, directed movement of marine water generated by the forces acting upon this mean flow, such as breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences and tides caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ENVO ENVO:01000067 EcoLexicon:marine_current pbuttigieg marine streamer 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000068 Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. pbuttigieg mesoscale marine eddy 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000069 Mesoscale marine eddies are characterized by currents which flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic. Ocean eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different to those outside of the eddy. Marine mesoscale eddies are between about 10 and 500 km in diameter, and persist for periods of days to months. They may be formed when an ocean current develops an instability. This instability grows, causing the current to meander, and eventually an eddy is pinched off from the meander. pbuttigieg terrigenous sediment 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000070 EcoLexicon:terrigenous_sediment SWEETRealm:TerrigenousSediment Sediment comprised of weathered continental rocks, wind blown dust, volcanic ash or other terrestrial material. pbuttigieg oceanic front 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z An oceanic front is a narrow zone of enhanced horizontal gradients of water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) that separates broader areas with different water masses or different vertical structure (stratification). ENVO ENVO:01000071 pbuttigieg marine Taylor column 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z A marine Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in a marine body of water. Currents flowing over shoaling topography such as seamounts are accelerated and destabilised, resulting in Taylor columns. Eddies and internal waves are generated downstream of the topological feature and may extend 1000 m or so above them. This may result in a localised increase in primary production where the Taylor column reaches surface waters. ENVO ENVO:01000072 pbuttigieg marine oligotrophic desert 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z An expanse of marine water characterised by low concentrations of nutrients such as phosphate, nitrate as well as organic matter and, hence, low primary productivity. These regions tend to have high dissolved oxygen levels due to a lack of respiration. ENVO ENVO:01000073 pbuttigieg oceanic gyre 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis Effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). ENVO ENVO:01000074 SWEETRealm:OceanGyre pbuttigieg marine thermocline 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000075 The marine thermocline describes a sharp change in the temperature of seawater (in relation to the temperature gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column, which is usually associated with rapid changes in water density and salinity. pbuttigieg marine chemocline 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water. ENVO ENVO:01000076 pbuttigieg marine pycnocline 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000077 The marine pycnocline describes a sharp change in the density of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. Pycnoclines are usually associated with thermo- and haloclines. pbuttigieg marine nutricline 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000078 The marine nutricline describes a sharp change in the nutrient content of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. pbuttigieg marine lysocline 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000079 The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve. pbuttigieg pelagic isothermal surface 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature. ENVO ENVO:01000080 pbuttigieg pelagic isohaline surface 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity. ENVO ENVO:01000081 pbuttigieg biogenous sediment 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. ENVO ENVO:01000082 pbuttigieg pelagic isopycnal surface 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. ENVO ENVO:01000083 pbuttigieg estuarine front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000084 pbuttigieg plume front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000085 pbuttigieg coastal buoyancy current front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000086 pbuttigieg tidal mixing front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000087 pbuttigieg mid-shelf fronts 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000088 pbuttigieg shelf-slope/shelf-break front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000089 pbuttigieg coastal upwelling front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000090 pbuttigieg topographic upwelling front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000091 pbuttigieg equatorial upwelling front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000092 pbuttigieg boundary current front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000093 pbuttigieg subtropical convergence front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000094 pbuttigieg marginal ice zone front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000095 pbuttigieg water mass front 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000096 pbuttigieg surface convergence 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000097 pbuttigieg deep ocean current 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z A marine current that generally occurs below the permanent thermocline (where it occurs) or below 400 m depth and that is driven by density and temperature gradients. ENVO ENVO:01000098 pbuttigieg marine surface current 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. ENVO ENVO:01000099 pbuttigieg along-front current 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. ENVO ENVO:01000100 pbuttigieg warm surface current 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000101 pbuttigieg cold surface current 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000102 pbuttigieg western boundary current 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z A warm water, narrow marine surface current flowing from the equator to high latitudes at speeds between 40 and 120 kilometers per day. Western boundary currents are the deepest ocean surface flows, usually extending 1000 meters below the ocean surface. ENVO ENVO:01000103 SWEETRealm:WesternBoundaryCurrent pbuttigieg eastern boundary current 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z A cold water, broad marine surface current flowing from high latitudes to the equator at speeds between 3 and 7 kilometers per day. ENVO ENVO:01000104 SWEETRealm:EasternBoundaryCurrent pbuttigieg marine benthic feature 2010-03-16T12:27:00Z A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring on or along marine benthic environments. ENVO ENVO:01000105 pbuttigieg permanent marine thermocline 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z ENVO ENVO:01000106 The permanent marine thermocline describes a marine thermocline found in temperate to tropical latitudes, which marks the transition between warm waters and cold deep waters. The permanent thermocline separates the marine cold-water sphere and the marine warm-water sphere pbuttigieg seasonal marine thermocline 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z ENVO ENVO:01000107 The seasonal marine thermocline is a marine thermocline, which generally occurs below the marine wind mixed layer. pbuttigieg marine cold-water sphere 2010-03-16T02:39:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000108 The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline pbuttigieg marine warm-water sphere 2010-03-16T02:42:39Z ENVO ENVO:01000109 The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline pbuttigieg hydrogenous sediment 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000110 Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. SWEETRealm:HydrogenousSediment pbuttigieg cosmogenous sediment 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial dust and debris in the form of meteorites and similar entities. ENVO ENVO:01000111 pbuttigieg polymetallic nodule 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000112 Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. manganese nodule pbuttigieg suspended sediment 2010-03-17T01:17:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000113 Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. pbuttigieg boulder sediment 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000114 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter greater than 256 mm. pbuttigieg cobble sediment 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000115 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 64 and 256 mm. pbuttigieg pebble sediment 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000116 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 4 and 32 mm. pbuttigieg granular sediment 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000117 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 2 and 4 mm. pbuttigieg sandy sediment 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000118 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. pbuttigieg silty sediment 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000119 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers. pbuttigieg clay sediment 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000120 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 1 and 3.9 micrometers. pbuttigieg colloidal sediment 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000121 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometers. pbuttigieg marine hydrothermal vent 2010-03-17T02:13:33Z A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ENVO ENVO:01000122 pbuttigieg marine sponge reef biome 2010-03-17T04:43:05Z ENVO ENVO:01000123 The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. pbuttigieg neritic supra-littoral zone 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000124 pbuttigieg nertic littoral zone 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000125 pbuttigieg neritic sub-littoral zone 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000126 pbuttigieg marine cold seep biome 2010-03-19T08:33:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000127 The marine cold seep biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where seepage of methane, hydrogen sulphide, hydrocarbon rich fluids and other fluids occurs. pbuttigieg dilution basin mediterranean sea biome 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z ENVO ENVO:01000128 The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. pbuttigieg marine hydrothermal vent chimney 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z ENVO ENVO:01000129 marine hydrothermal plume 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. ENVO ENVO:01000130 mesophilic sediment 2010-03-20T07:15:20Z ENVO ENVO:01000131 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. pbuttigieg thermophilic sediment 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z ENVO ENVO:01000132 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. pbuttigieg hyperthermophilic sediment 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z ENVO ENVO:01000133 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 80-125 degrees Celsius and no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. pbuttigieg hydrothermal fluid 2010-03-20T08:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000134 High temperature water ejected from hydrothermal vents and laden with dissolved metals and minerals as a result of percolation through crustal rocks. pbuttigieg nitrate-reducing sediment 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000135 Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg drop stone 2010-03-20T06:25:06Z An isolated fragment of rock, which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. Drop stones range in size from small pebbles to boulders. Dropstone ENVO ENVO:01000136 organic matter fall 2010-03-20T06:25:30Z An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ENVO ENVO:01000137 pbuttigieg plant matter fall 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z A accumulation of plant matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ENVO ENVO:01000138 pbuttigieg animal matter fall 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z ENVO ENVO:01000139 The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. pbuttigieg whale fall 2010-03-20T06:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000140 Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. pbuttigieg seal fall 2010-03-20T06:26:44Z ENVO ENVO:01000141 Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. pbuttigieg wood fall 2010-03-20T06:27:01Z A wood fall describes an accumulation of woody plant material that has fallen to the ocean floor. ENVO ENVO:01000142 pbuttigieg marine reef 2010-03-20T06:43:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000143 pbuttigieg marine coral reef flat zone 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000144 pbuttigieg marine coral reef back reef 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000145 pbuttigieg marine coral reef crest 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000146 pbuttigieg marine coral reef fore reef 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000147 pbuttigieg marine coral reef buttress zone 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000148 pbuttigieg marine coral reef deep fore reef 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z ENVO ENVO:01000149 pbuttigieg marine subtidal rocky reef 2010-03-20T06:55:18Z ENVO ENVO:01000150 pbuttigieg manganese-reducing sediment 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000151 Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg iron-reducing sediment 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000152 Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg sulphate-reducing sediment 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000153 Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg carbon dioxide-reducing sediment 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000154 Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities. pbuttigieg organic material 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000155 EcoLexicon:organic_material Environmental material characteristic of, pertaining to, or derived from living organisms. pbuttigieg biofilm material 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000156 Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. pbuttigieg microbial mat material 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000157 Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments. pbuttigieg marine snow 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000158 EcoLexicon:marine_snow Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. pbuttigieg organic feature 2010-03-20T09:00:40Z A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic pertaining to or derived from living organisms. ENVO ENVO:01000159 pbuttigieg marine pockmark 2010-03-20T09:14:38Z ENVO ENVO:01000160 Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. pbuttigieg marine sponge reef 2010-03-20T09:18:54Z A marine sponge reef is marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ENVO ENVO:01000161 pbuttigieg organ 2010-03-20T09:21:27Z A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function. ENVO ENVO:01000162 pbuttigieg photophore 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes ("light producing" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. ENVO ENVO:01000163 EcoLexicon:photophore pbuttigieg root nodule 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000164 Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. pbuttigieg trophosome 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z A specialised organ found in deep-sea tube worms populating hydrothermal vent environments that is colonised by chemosynthetic bacteria which supply the host worm with organic compounds. The term may be applied to similar organs in other worms. ENVO ENVO:01000165 pbuttigieg mycetome 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. ENVO ENVO:01000166 pbuttigieg determinate root nodule 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z Determinate nodules are root nodules found on tropical (sub)legumes, such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), Lotus, and Vigna. Determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. ENVO ENVO:01000167 pbuttigieg indeterminate root nodule 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000168 Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. pbuttigieg anoxic water 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z ENVO ENVO:01000173 Water depleted of dissolved oxygen. pbuttigieg forest biome 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z A forest biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, densely packed vegetation which strongly limits light penetration to the forest floor. ENVO ENVO:01000174 Preliminary definition. SPIRE:Forest pbuttigi woodland biome 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z A woodland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, woody plants spaced sufficiently far apart to allow light penetration to support communities of herbaceous plants or shrubs living closer to the woodland floor. ENVO ENVO:01000175 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi shrubland biome 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. ENVO ENVO:01000176 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi grassland biome 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z A grassland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, an unbroken layer of grasses (Gramineae), sedges (Cyperaceae) or rushes (Juncaceae). ENVO ENVO:01000177 SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland pbuttigi savanna biome 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z A savanna biome is a woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes, across its entire spatial extent, trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live. ENVO ENVO:01000178 Preliminary definition SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland pbuttigi desert biome 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z A desert biome is a terrestrial biome which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation and includes communities adapted to these conditions. ENVO ENVO:01000179 Preliminary definition. SPIRE:Desert_or_dune pbuttigi tundra biome 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z A tundra is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, only low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Tundra biomes rarely have monthly average temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius and have low evapotranspiration ratios. ENVO ENVO:01000180 Preliminary definition. SPIRE:Tundra pbuttigi mangrove biome 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. ENVO ENVO:01000181 Preliminary definition. Depending on whether mangrove trees or shrubs are present, this class could be a child of shrubland biome or woodland biome. Consider creating the appropriate classes. pbuttigi temperate desert biome 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z A temperate desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to intermediate insolation, low rainfall, and large temperature variations between winter and summer. Winter temperatures may fall below 0 degrees Celsius. Some precipitation in this biome may fall as snow. ENVO ENVO:01000182 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi tropical desert biome 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z A tropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, very high insolation due to inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Tropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. ENVO ENVO:01000183 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi subtropical desert biome 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. ENVO ENVO:01000184 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi montane desert biome 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z A montane desert biome is a desert biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ENVO ENVO:01000185 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi polar desert biome 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z A polar desert biome is a desert biome which is subject to low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water. ENVO ENVO:01000186 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi subtropical savanna biome 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000187 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi tropical savanna biome 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000188 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi temperate savanna biome 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000189 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi prairie biome flooded savanna biome 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z A flooded savanna biome is a savanna biome which has very wet to saturated soil moisture content. ENVO ENVO:01000190 marsh pbuttigi swamp subtropical grassland biome 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000191 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi tropical grassland biome 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000192 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi temperate grassland biome 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000193 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi prairie biome montane grassland biome 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z A montane grassland biome is a grassland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ENVO ENVO:01000194 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi flooded grassland biome 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000195 pbuttigi coniferous forest biome 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ENVO ENVO:01000196 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi broadleaf forest biome 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z A broadleaf forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ENVO ENVO:01000197 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi mixed forest biome 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z A mixed forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ENVO ENVO:01000198 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi mediterranean forest biome 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z A mediterranean forest biome is a forest biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ENVO ENVO:01000199 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi tropical broadleaf forest biome 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000200 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi subtropical broadleaf forest biome 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000201 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi temperate broadleaf forest biome 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000202 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi environmental condition 2013-04-07T14:35:18Z An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. ENVO ENVO:01000203 Experimental class created in EnvO. A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. pbuttigi tropical 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000204 EcoLexicon:the_tropics SPIRE:Tropical pbuttigi subtropical 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000205 pbuttigi temperate 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000206 SPIRE:Temperate pbuttigi mediterranean 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000207 pbuttigi mediterranean woodland biome 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z A mediterranean woodland biome is a subtropical woodland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ENVO ENVO:01000208 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigieg subtropical coniferous forest biome 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z ENVO ENVO:01000209 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi tropical coniferous forest biome 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z ENVO ENVO:01000210 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi temperate coniferous forest biome 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z ENVO ENVO:01000211 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi temperate mixed forest biome 2013-04-07T14:39:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000212 pbuttigi subtropical shrubland biome 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000213 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi tropical shrubland biome 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000214 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi temperate shrubland biome 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000215 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi prairie biome montane shrubland biome 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ENVO ENVO:01000216 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi mediterranean shrubland biome 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z A mediterranean shrubland biome is a subtropical shrubland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ENVO ENVO:01000217 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi xeric shrubland biome 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000218 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigi anthropogenic terrestrial biome 2013-04-07T14:45:22Z An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. ENVO ENVO:01000219 Preliminary definition. pbuttigi tropical woodland biome 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000220 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigieg temperate woodland biome 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000221 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigieg subtropical woodland biome 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z ENVO ENVO:01000222 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigieg montane savanna biome 2013-04-07T16:50:01Z A montane savanna biome is a savanna biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ENVO ENVO:01000223 Preliminary definition. pbuttigieg mediterranean grassland biome 2013-04-19T11:42:48Z A mediterranean grassland biome is a subtropical grassland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ENVO ENVO:01000224 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. pbuttigieg subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z ENVO ENVO:01000225 pbuttigieg subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z ENVO ENVO:01000226 pbuttigieg tropical dry broadleaf forest biome 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z ENVO ENVO:01000227 pbuttigieg tropical moist broadleaf forest biome 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z ENVO ENVO:01000228 SPIRE:Rainforest pbuttigieg rainforest biome mediterranean savanna biome 2013-04-24T12:20:42Z ENVO ENVO:01000229 pbuttigieg arid 2013-04-24T13:28:18Z An arid condition is an environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. ENVO ENVO:01000230 EcoLexicon:aridity pbuttigieg lava 2013-05-05T16:52:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000231 EcoLexicon:lava Lava is an environmental material which is primarily composed of molten rock. PLB SWEETRealm:Lava felsic lava 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z ENVO ENVO:01000232 PLB silicic lava intermediate lava 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z ENVO ENVO:01000233 PLB andesitic lava mafic lava 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z ENVO ENVO:01000234 PLB basaltic lava ultramafic lava 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z ENVO ENVO:01000235 PLB basalt 2013-05-05T17:07:15Z Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. ENVO ENVO:01000236 EcoLexicon:basalt PLB SWEETRealm:Basalt coastal scrubland 2013-05-06T09:47:07Z A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. ENVO ENVO:01000237 coastal chaparral pbuttigieg polar 2013-05-08T07:49:36Z ENVO ENVO:01000238 SPIRE:Polar SWEETRealm:Polarization pbuttigieg oak woodland 2013-06-04T22:33:52Z An oak woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of oak trees. ENVO ENVO:01000239 PLB conifer woodland 2013-06-06T14:39:17Z A conifer woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of coniferous trees, from the Division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae. ENVO ENVO:01000240 PLB juniper woodland 2013-06-06T14:44:52Z A juniper woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the genus Juniperus. ENVO ENVO:01000241 PLB desert scrubland 2013-06-06T15:02:30Z A scrubland which is located in a desert. ENVO ENVO:01000242 PLB desert scrub boulder 2013-06-06T15:10:50Z A piece of rock with a grain size above 300 millimetres in diameter. Smaller boulders are, at times, referred to as rocks or stones. ENVO ENVO:01000243 EcoLexicon:boulder PLB SWEETRealm:Boulder pinyon juniper woodland 2013-06-06T15:22:52Z A pinyon juniper woodland is a conifer woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the subsection Cembroides of the genus Pinus and the genus Juniperus. ENVO ENVO:01000244 PLB cropland biome 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z A cropland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for agricultural activity and which contains no village or larger human settlement. ENVO ENVO:01000245 pbuttigieg village biome 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. ENVO ENVO:01000246 pbuttigieg rangeland biome 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. ENVO ENVO:01000247 pbuttigieg dense settlement biome 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. ENVO ENVO:01000248 pbuttigieg urban biome 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. ENVO ENVO:01000249 SPIRE:Urban pbuttigieg subpolar coniferous forest biome 2013-09-04T06:41:53Z A subpolar coniferous forest biome is a coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions. ENVO ENVO:01000250 EcoLexicon:taiga SPIRE:Taiga boreal forest taiga subpolar 2013-09-04T07:08:34Z ENVO ENVO:01000251 pbuttigieg freshwater lake biome 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000252 freshwater river biome 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000253 environmental system 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. ENVO ENVO:01000254 EcoLexicon:environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environment mineral deposit 2013-10-05T12:23:32Z A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. ENVO ENVO:01000255 Note that the definition of the term mineral is debatable; however, a mineral generally must be naturally occuring, stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula (unlike rocks, which may include a wide variety of components), are usually formed by geophysical processes (i.e. are abiogenic), and have an ordered atomic arrangement. ore deposit pbuttigieg mineral 2013-10-05T12:37:41Z A mineral is an environmental material which is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. ENVO ENVO:01000256 From Wikipedia: [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. pbuttigieg white smoker 2013-10-06T19:57:22Z A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor which emits lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon. These alkaline hydrothermal vents also continuously generate acetyl thioesters, providing both the starting point for more complex organic molecules and the energy needed to produce them. ENVO ENVO:01000257 pbuttigieg cline 2013-10-06T20:10:13Z A cline is a comparatively thin, typically horizontal layer within a fluid, in which a property of the fluid varies greatly over a relatively short vertical distance. A similar term exists in linguistics and mathematics. An ecocline, or biological cline, is a related concept; however, may be better placed as a child of a class like "ecotone". ENVO ENVO:01000258 pbuttigieg pycnocline 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z A layer within a fluid where the density gradient changes rapidly with depth. ENVO ENVO:01000259 pbuttigieg stable density gradient nutricline 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z A layer within a water body where the nutrient content changes rapidly with depth. ENVO ENVO:01000260 pbuttigieg lysocline 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z A layer within a marine water body where the rate of calcite dissolution changes rapidly with depth. The increase in the rate of calcite dissolution with depth is largely due to the concomitant fall in calcite saturation. ENVO ENVO:01000261 pbuttigieg seep 2013-10-06T21:13:21Z A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. ENVO ENVO:01000262 pbuttigieg cold seep 2013-10-06T21:16:39Z ENVO ENVO:00000425 ENVO:01000263 hydrocarbon seep methane seep pbuttigieg vapour 2013-10-10T07:55:56Z A vapour is an environmental material in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point. ENVO ENVO:01000264 vapor hydrothermal seep 2013-10-06T21:19:00Z A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. ENVO ENVO:01000265 hot seep pbuttigieg water vapour 2013-10-10T07:58:18Z ENVO ENVO:01000266 Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. aqueous vapor aqueous vapour pbuttigieg water vapor atmosphere 2013-10-10T08:14:50Z An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. ENVO ENVO:01000267 pbuttigieg atmospheric water vapour 2013-10-10T08:22:07Z Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. ENVO ENVO:01000268 atmospheric water vapor pbuttigieg siltstone 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. ENVO ENVO:01000269 pbuttigieg claystone 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. ENVO ENVO:01000270 pbuttigieg clastic sedimentary rock 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. ENVO ENVO:01000271 pbuttigieg mudstone 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. ENVO ENVO:01000272 There is debate on the usage of mudstone and mudrock, and some ambiguity is to be expected. Wikipedia: The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. pbuttigieg lime mudstone 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000273 Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. Wikipedia: The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. calcilutite cementstone pbuttigieg slate 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000274 Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks. pbuttigieg structural basin 2013-10-12T16:30:32Z A structural basin is a geological depression formed by tectonic warping of previously flat lying rock strata. ENVO ENVO:01000275 pbuttigieg ice 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z ENVO ENVO:01000277 Ice is water frozen into a solid state. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. pbuttigieg pingo scar 2013-10-13T12:15:55Z A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. ENVO ENVO:01000278 pbuttigieg ice lens 2013-10-13T12:20:34Z A mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart. ENVO ENVO:01000279 ice lenses pbuttigieg layer 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z A layer is a quantity of some material which has comparable thickness and usually covers some surface. ENVO ENVO:01000281 Preliminary definition. pbuttigieg stratum 2013-10-15T16:49:04Z A stratum is a layer which is composed of sedimentary rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers. ENVO ENVO:01000282 Preliminary definition. Concepts such as "characteristic" may be problematic. pbuttigieg lake layer 2013-10-15T16:57:43Z A layer which is part of a lake. ENVO ENVO:01000283 Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline. pbuttigieg amictic lake 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. ENVO ENVO:01000284 pbuttigieg holomictic lake 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake. ENVO ENVO:01000285 non-meromictic lake pbuttigieg dimictic lake 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z A dimitic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during two mixing periods each year. Mixing typically occurs during the spring and autumn, when the lake is "isothermal" (i.e., at the same temperature from the top to the bottom). At this time the water throughout the lake is about 4°C, and, in the absence of any temperature or density differences, the lake readily mixes from top to bottom. These lakes are common in regions with temperate climates. ENVO ENVO:01000286 pbuttigieg polymictic lake 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z A polymictic lake is a holomictic lake which is too shallow to allow thermal stratification and which can mix from top to bottom through the ice-free period of the year. ENVO ENVO:01000287 pbuttigieg monomictic lake 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z A monomictic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. ENVO ENVO:01000288 pbuttigieg cold monomictic lake 2013-10-15T17:23:51Z A monomictic lake which is covered by ice throughout much of the year and only mixes when its surface ice melts and the lake lacks thermal stratification. ENVO ENVO:01000289 pbuttigieg warm monomictic lake 2013-10-15T17:26:42Z A monomictic lake which does not freeze and is thermally stratified throughout most of the year, only mixing in winter when cooler temperatures ease stratification. ENVO ENVO:01000290 pbuttigieg cold polymictic lake 2013-10-15T17:31:50Z A cold polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is covered by ice in winter. ENVO ENVO:01000291 pbuttigieg warm polymictic lake 2013-10-15T17:32:26Z A warm polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is not covered by ice at any point during the year. ENVO ENVO:01000292 pbuttigieg ice mass 2013-10-15T19:49:11Z A mass of ice. ENVO ENVO:01000293 pbuttigieg crevice 2013-10-16T00:42:47Z A deep fissure in rock. ENVO ENVO:01000294 fracture pbuttigieg marine layer 2013-10-16T11:55:20Z A layer that is part of a marine water body. ENVO ENVO:01000295 pbuttigieg dry lake bed 2013-10-16T12:12:53Z A lake bed which is dry. That is, the bed of a dry lake. ENVO ENVO:01000296 pbuttigieg freshwater river 2013-10-16T12:56:48Z A river where fresh water flows. ENVO ENVO:01000297 Preliminary definition. pbuttigieg continental margin 2013-10-18T00:04:57Z ENVO ENVO:01000298 EcoLexicon:continental_margin SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. Together, the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise are called continental margin. Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. pbuttigieg Taylor column 2013-10-19T11:11:28Z A Taylor column is a column of deflected fluid flow which is formed in a perturbed, rotating fluid, is parallel to the axis of rotation, and extends above the obstacle perturbing the fluid in a rigid manner. ENVO ENVO:01000299 This is an interesting class. It's not really a column in the sense of a water column, nor is it a current, exactly. It may also occur in any fluid, gaseous or liquid. pbuttigieg atmospheric Taylor column 2013-10-19T11:12:43Z An atmospheric Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Taylor columns often form above islands resulting in vortex streets in the atmosphere. ENVO ENVO:01000300 pbuttigieg vortex street estuarine water 2013-10-19T11:30:46Z Brackish water which is part of an estuary. ENVO ENVO:01000301 pbuttigieg outcrop 2014-04-24T13:12:49Z A portion of environmental material which protrudes through a surface layer. ENVO ENVO:01000302 This is kept as a general class. One can specify subclasses by identifying the protruding material (e.g. rock outcroup, mineral outcrop, etc ) and the material(s) the protrusion emerges from. Possible logical definition: A portion of ENVO:environmental material which has_quality PATO:"protruding out of" a ENVO:surface layer of an ENVO:environmental material. pbuttigieg endolithic environment An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. high pressure environment A high pressure environment is an environment in which all material entities are exposed to a high ratio of force per unit area. high temperature environment A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy. freshwater environment fresh water environment saline water environment extraterrestrial enviroment cold environment The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. A cold environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to low temperatures. haline environment A haline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of salt, typically above 2 molar. cultivated environment A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. CROPLAND ENVO EcoLexicon:agriculture FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:V.CULT SPIRE:Agricultural SWEETRealm:Range agricultural region cropland cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden culturing environment A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. ENVO anthropogenic environment high osmolarity environment A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. acidic environment An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. alkaline environment An alkaline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high pH, typically greater than a pH of 9. aquatic environment An aquatic environment is an environment in which most parts are surrounded by water. extreme high temperature environment The lower threshold, 80 degrees Celsius, is derived from the definition of the obsolete class "extreme high temperature habitat" which this class replaces. An extreme high temperature environment is a high temperature environment in which entities are exposed to temperatures above 80 degrees Celsius. rocky slope A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. marine environment A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. ENVO sea water environment ocean water environment brackish water environment atmospheric boundary layer planetary boundary layer planetary surface A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine aquatic layer deep chlorophyll maximum layer subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer A deep chlorophyll maximum layer is a subsurface layer in an ocean or lake in which the concentration of chlorophyll is at its maximum. strand swamp A strand swamp is a swamp that forms linear drainage channels on flatlands. dome swamp The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed. A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. cypress dome A cypress dome swamp is a dome swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress dome swamp cypress strand swamp cypress strand Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia A cypress strand swamp is a strand swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress swamp Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia A cypress swamp is a swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. gravelly slope A gravelly slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of gravel. hillside brae A hillside is a slope that is part of a hill. talus slope scree slope A talus slope is a slope which has a surface layer composed of scree. oasis ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Wikipedia:Oasis cienaga An oasis is a vegetated area located in a desert, supplied with water from a water source which it surrounds, and surrounded by arid soil, sand, or rock. vegetated area ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. bone element environment hydroform Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" A hydroform is a geographic feature which is primarily composed of water held in shape by an environmental process. hypodermic needle A hypodermic needle is a medical instrument made from a hollow needle. It is commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body of an organism. ENVO ENVO:02000000 Wikipedia:Hypodermic_needle textile A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). ENVO ENVO:02000001 Wikipedia:Textile bedclothing Bedclothing is a textile covering used on a bed as a sheet, blanket, or pillowcase. ENVO ENVO:02000002 pockmark field A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ENVO ENVO:02000003 nesting material ENVO ENVO:02000004 Nesting material is an animal habitation consisting of matierals used to cushion, insulate and protect the young of the organism. The adult will use the material to form a protective structure to house and raise their young. Nests are built primarily by birds, but also by mammals, fish, insects and reptiles. livestock-associated habitat 1 ENVO ENVO:02000005 Livestock is an animal-associated habitat consisting of any domestic or domesticated animal intentionally raised for food or in the production of food or raised as stock to produce food or fibre, in an agricultural setting or for its labour or pen-raised animals raised on licensed game farm operations. Livestock include: bovine animals (including buffalo and bison), ovine animals, porcine animals, caprine animals, , poultry, bees, equine animals, cervidae animals; animals of the genus Lama; ratites (Emu, Ostrich, and Rhea), fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, and enclosed domesticated rabbits or hares raised for human food or fiber. Wikipedia:Livestock livestock tissue culture ENVO ENVO:02000007 Tissue culture is the culture of cells, tissues or organs in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. Wikipedia:Tissue_culture cell culture Cell culture is a growth of cells in vitro in an artificial medium for experimental research. ENVO ENVO:02000008 Wikipedia:Cell_culture plant tissue culture ENVO ENVO:02000009 Plant tissue culture is the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. Wikipedia:Plant_tissue_culture organ culture ENVO ENVO:02000010 Organ culture is the aseptic culture of complete living organs of animals and plants outside the body in a suitable culture medium. Animal organs must be small enough to allow the nutrients in the culture medium to penetrate all the cells. Wikipedia:Organ_culture buffalo milk ENVO ENVO:02000011 camel milk ENVO ENVO:02000012 Wikipedia:Camel_milk donkey milk ENVO ENVO:02000013 horse milk ENVO ENVO:02000014 reindeer milk ENVO ENVO:02000015 water buffalo milk ENVO ENVO:02000016 yak milk ENVO ENVO:02000017 zebra milk ENVO ENVO:02000018 bodily fluid A natural bodily fluid or secretion such as blood, semen, saliva, blood plasma, intracellular and interstitial fluids. ENVO ENVO:02000019 Wikipedia:Bodily_fluid blood Blood is a bodily fluid composed of blood plasma and blood cells suspended within the plasma that circulates around the organism's body. Blood performs may important functions including the supplying of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, circulation of white blood cells, detection of antibodes, coagulation, transportation of antibodies and the regulation of pH and body temperature. ENVO ENVO:02000020 Wikipedia:Blood amniotic fluid Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. ENVO ENVO:02000021 Wikipedia:Amniotic_fluid excreta ENVO ENVO:02000022 Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body. Wikipedia:Excreta bile Bile is a bodily fluid consisting of a bitter, yellow or green alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids. ENVO ENVO:02000023 Wikipedia:Bile gall aqueous humour Aqueous humour is a bodily fluid consisting of a thick watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea. ENVO ENVO:02000024 Wikipedia:Aqueous_humour sweat ENVO ENVO:02000025 Sweat is an excreta consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. Wikipedia:Sweat chyme Chyme is a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. ENVO ENVO:02000026 Wikipedia:Chyme chymus blood plasma Blood plasma is a bodily fluid that comprises the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. ENVO ENVO:02000027 Wikipedia:Blood_plasma ear wax ENVO ENVO:02000028 Ear was is a bodily fluid consisting of a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, and insects. Wikipedia:Ear_wax cerumen cerebrospinal fluid CSF Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. CSF is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. ENVO ENVO:02000029 Liquor cerebrospinalis Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid chyle Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. ENVO ENVO:02000030 Wikipedia:Chyle breast milk Breast milk is a bodily fluid produced that is secreted from two milk-secreting glandular organs on a female's chest. ENVO ENVO:02000031 Wikipedia:Breast_milk vitreous humor ENVO ENVO:02000032 Vitreous humor is a bodily fluid consisting of a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. Wikipedia:Vitreous_humor vitreous body vitreous humour pleural effusion ENVO ENVO:02000033 Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. Wikipedia:Pleural_effusion tears ENVO ENVO:02000034 Tears is a bodily fluid consisting of a drop of the clear salty liquid secreted by glands (lacrimal glands) in the eyes. Tears wet the membrane covering the eye and help rid the eye of irritating substances. Wikipedia:Tears tear oronasal secretion ENVO ENVO:02000035 Oronasal secretion is a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. saliva ENVO ENVO:02000036 Saliva is a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. Wikipedia:Saliva sebum ENVO ENVO:02000037 Sebum is an oily bodily fluid secreted from the sebaceous glads that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin. Wikipedia:Sebum pus ENVO ENVO:02000038 Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. Wikipedia:Pus synovial fluid ENVO ENVO:02000039 Synovial fluid is a bodily fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity to form a thin layer at the surface of cartilage. Wikipedia:Synovial_fluid mucus ENVO ENVO:02000040 Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. Wikipedia:Mucus lymph ENVO ENVO:02000041 Lymph is a bodily fluid consisting of a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets. Wikipedia:Lymph interstitial fluid ENVO ENVO:02000042 Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. Wikipedia:Interstitial_fluid intercellular fluid tissue fluid biological product A biological product is an environmental substrate comprised of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product available to prevent, treat or cure diseases or injuries in man. ENVO ENVO:02000043 siliceous ooze ENVO ENVO:02000044 Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. Wikipedia:Siliceous_ooze red clay ENVO ENVO:02000045 Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called "red" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr. calcareous ooze Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000046 animal feed Animal feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin. Fodder refers particularly to food given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves. It includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and also sprouted grains and legumes. ENVO ENVO:02000047 Wikipedia:Animal_feed contaminated animal feed Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. ENVO ENVO:02000048 coastal water body Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast. ENVO ENVO:02000049 spinach A vegetable with dark green, spear-shaped leaves that can be curled or smooth and are attached to thin stems. ENVO ENVO:02000050 Wikipedia:Spinach umbrella A canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight. ENVO ENVO:02000052 Wikipedia:Umbrella hide A skin obtained from animals for human use typically from deer or cattle sources used to produce leather, shoes, fashion accessories, musical instruments. ENVO ENVO:02000053 Wikipedia:Hide bone meal A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. ENVO ENVO:02000054 Wikipedia:Bone_meal plant feed ENVO ENVO:02000055 Plant feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed plants. egg product A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. ENVO ENVO:02000056 hen's egg product An egg produced by a female chicken. ENVO ENVO:02000057 Wikipedia:Chicken_egg cloth A textile comprised of a pliable material made usually by weaving, felting, or knitting natural or synthetic fibers and filaments. ENVO ENVO:02000058 Wikipedia:Cloth surface soil A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter. ENVO ENVO:02000059 apple cider ENVO ENVO:00002208 ENVO:02000060 Wikipedia:Apple_cider Wikipedia:Cider cider unpasteurized orange juice ENVO ENVO:02000061 cake A food that is usually sweet and often baked. Cakes normally combine some kind of flour, a sweetening agent (commonly sugar), a binding agent (generally egg, though gluten or starch are often used by lacto-vegetarians and vegans), fats (usually butter, shortening, or margarine, although a fruit puree such as applesauce is sometimes substituted to avoid using fat), a liquid (milk, water or fruit juice), flavors and some form of leavening agent (such as yeast or baking powder), though many cakes lack these ingredients and instead rely on air bubbles in the dough to expand and cause the cake to rise. Cake is often frosted with buttercream or marzipan, and finished with piped borders and crystallized fruit. ENVO ENVO:02000063 Wikipedia:Cake cake icing ENVO ENVO:02000064 chocolate ENVO ENVO:02000065 Wikipedia:Chocolate custard A food involving whipped and cooked milk, sugar and egg yolk mixtures. ENVO ENVO:02000066 Wikipedia:Custard ground beef A ground meat product, made of beef finely chopped by a meat grinder. ENVO ENVO:02000067 Wikipedia:Ground_beef beef mince hamburger meat minced beef poultry product A food product from a category of domestic birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers including fowl such as chickens, turkeys, and waterfowls such as domestic ducks and geese and other meat birds such as pigeons and doves and games birds including pheasants. ENVO ENVO:02000068 Wikipedia:Poultry duck meat product ENVO ENVO:02000069 Wikipedia:Duck goose meat product ENVO ENVO:02000070 Wikipedia:Goose turkey meat product ENVO ENVO:02000071 Wikipedia:Turkey mushroom ENVO ENVO:02000072 SWEETRealm:Mushroom Wikipedia:Mushroom cantaloupe ENVO ENVO:02000074 Wikipedia:Cantaloupe cantaloup muskmelon potato salad ENVO ENVO:02000076 Wikipedia:Potato_salad salad dressing A sauce for a salad. ENVO ENVO:02000077 Wikipedia:Salad_dressing clam product ENVO ENVO:02000078 Wikipedia:Clam oyster product ENVO ENVO:02000079 Wikipedia:Oyster shellfish product ENVO ENVO:02000080 Wikipedia:Shellfish letter A written message from one person to another addressed to a person or organization. ENVO ENVO:02000081 unpasteurized goat milk cheese ENVO ENVO:02000082 Pecorino cheese A family of hard Italian cheeses made from sheep milk. ENVO ENVO:02000083 goat manure ENVO ENVO:02000084 unpasteurized sheep milk cheese ENVO ENVO:02000085 unpasteruized cow milk cheese ENVO ENVO:02000086 unpasteurized camel milk ENVO ENVO:02000087 unpasteurized caprine milk ENVO ENVO:02000088 unpasteurized ovine milk ENVO ENVO:02000089 axilla skin environment 2014-12-15T22:32:00Z An environment that is determined by an axilla skin. ENVO ENVO:08000001 TermGenie chemical product 2013-04-27T10:32:07Z A manufactured product that is some mixture of chemicals created through some chemical engineering process ENVO ENVO:2000000 cjm creosote 2013-04-27T10:35:14Z ENVO ENVO:2000001 The portion of chemical products obtained by the distillation of a tar that remains heavier than water, notably useful for its anti-septic and preservative properties Wikipedia:Creosote cjm industrial wastewate treatment plant 2013-04-27T03:16:01Z A wastewater treatment plant that treates industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. ENVO ENVO:2000002 cjm agricultural wastewater treatment plant 2013-04-27T03:17:36Z A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. ENVO ENVO:2000003 cjm algal bloom 2013-04-27T04:26:24Z A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. ENVO ENVO:2000004 EcoLexicon:algal_bloom SWEETRealm:AlgalBloom Wikipedia:Algal_bloom cjm freshwater algal bloom 2013-04-27T04:28:27Z An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. ENVO ENVO:2000005 cjm nest of termite 2013-04-27T04:49:24Z An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). ENVO ENVO:2000006 cjm termite nest anatomical entity environment intestine environment skin environment integumental system environment face skin environment feather environment quality concentration of qualitative deviation(from_normal) sensitivity toward position fertility sterile physical quality pressure physical object quality increased temperature medium acidity acidic alkaline reproductive quality sensitivity to oxygen aerobic anaerobic increased pressure protruding protruding out of osmolarity increased osmolarity radiation quality activity (of a radionuclide) radioactive wetness dry acidity frozen organismal quality molecular quality increased quality increased object quality