This ontology was generated from an ontology revision in WebProtege http://odo.nceas.ucsb.edu ontology in progress for DataONE MSTMip/LTER Carbon cycling use cases Mar 31, 2015 2:04:13 PM 0.9 Chase LeCroy, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 The Ecosystems Ontology Revised version: DataONE ontology of Carbon Flux measurements for MsTMIP and LTER Use Cases. Collaborative work of: Margaret O'Brien, Sophie Hou, Chase LeCroy, and Mark Schildhauer SophieHou, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Mark Schildhauer, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 system Matthew B. Jones, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0077-4738 http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#measuresCharacteristic http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#measuresEntity http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#measuresUsingProtocol http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#measuresUsingStandard has result has input has output this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood); my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity); my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) part_of A core relation that holds between a part and its whole Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities); this year has part this day (occurrent parthood); my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) has_part A core relation that holds between a whole and its part Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_2100001 A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef determined by S determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. this input material (or this output material) participates in this process; this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation; this investigator participates in this investigation participates in A relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000086 this apple has quality this red color has_quality A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001000 this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division); this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001001 this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division); this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) derives into A relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001025 my brain is located in my head; this rat is located in this cage located_in A relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' composed primarily of X composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000101 has numerator The relationship between a fraction and the number above the line http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000259 has denominator The relationship between a fraction and the number below the line (or divisor) https://www.w3.org/2009/08/skos-reference/skos.html#related related https://www.w3.org/2009/08/skos-reference/skos.html#relatedMatch relatedMatch Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet density AmountOfSubstanceConcentration the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet expanse, surface area Area the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density area density, surface density, superficial density ArealDensity The area density of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. Confirm: how is this different from ArealDensity? ArealMassDensity Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet counting, numeration, enumeration, reckoning, tally Count the total number counted https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance radiant emittance, radiant exitance Irradiance Irradiance is the radiant flux (power) received by a surface per unit area. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet Confirm: to follow the pattern, 'length' could be a subclass and the parent class (OBOE) more general ("linear"). Is this justified? or necessary? Length The linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet Mass the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field Confirm: meaning of term (same concept as density)? See ArealDensity, ArealMassDensity. These need better definitions before ECSO can use them MassDensity Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flux MassFlux Mass flux is the rate of mass flow per unit area, perfectly overlapping with the momentum density, the momentum per unit volume. Confirm: meaning of term MassPerMass Confirm: meaning of term MassSpecificCount Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molality molal concentration Molality Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution in terms of amount of substance in a specified amount of mass of the solvent. a language unit by which a person or thing is known (WordNet) Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure Pressure Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet ratio Proportion the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed Speed The speed of an object is the magnitude of its velocity or the rate of change of its position; it is thus a scalar quantity. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time Time Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. Time is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume Volume Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains. Confirm: meaning of term VolumePerVolume https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Confirm: same concept as Density? VolumetricDensity The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter D can also be used. VolumetricMassDensity Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate volume flow rate, rate of fluid flow or volume velocity Confirm: similar to volumetric flow rate? VolumetricRate The volumetric flow rate is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time Confirm: structure of Entity (with subclass of 'continuant' and 'occurrent' from BFO) or 'continuant' and 'occurrent > process' from ENVO)? Entity Measurement Type Protocol Unit foot A C14 uptake method is typically used in aquatic environments, for microscopic autotrophs (phytoplankton). C14 is a radioactive tracer added as bicarbonate, and its concentration determined in the plankton after removed by filtration. Measurement scales tend to be small (hours and liters) relative to the scales of other field methods. Photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity are tightly coupled in planktonic systems (Fahey and Knapp, 2007). If the incubation is short enough, the result will be GPP (gross), because presumably, no labeled c14 was recycled (or respired) by the cells. Sometimes researchers conduct "light-dark bottle", but the dark bottle tells you something different than in o2 light-dark. It gives you dark CO2 uptake, so subtract this from light CO2 uptake if you want autotrophic GPP. O'Brien, pers comm 2015-02-15 Fahey and Knapp, 2007 Carbon14 Uptake Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Weile Wang (weile.wang@gmail.com) citations: 1. thornton et al. (2002) modeling and measuring the effects of disburbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests. agriculture and forest meteorology, 113, 185-222. Biome-BGC is an ecosystem process model that estimates storage and flux of carbon, nitrogen and water. Biome-BGC is a computer program that estimates fluxes and storage of energy, water, carbon, and nitrogen for the vegetation and soil components of terrestrial ecosystems. We call it a process model because its algorithms represent physical and biological processes that control fluxes of energy and mass. The model uses a daily time-step. This means that each flux is estimated for a one-day period. Between days, the program updates its memory of the mass stored in different components of the vegetation, litter, and soil. Weather is the most important control on vegetation processes. Flux estimates in Biome-BGC depend strongly on daily weather conditions. Model behavior over time depends on the history of these weather conditions, the climate. http-www.ntsg.umt.edu/project/biome-bgc BIOME-BGC_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Altaf Arain (arainm@mcmaster.ca) citations: 1. s. huang, m. a. arain, v. arora, f. yuan, j. brodeur, m. peichl, 2011. analysis of nitrogen controls on carbon and water exchanges in a conifer forest using the class-ctemn+ model, ecological modeling, 222(20–22): 3743–3760, http-dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.09.008. The Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) is designed to serve as the terrestrial carbon cycle component in the coupled Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM). CTEM is a dynamic vegetation model that is able to grow vegetation from bare ground and provides time-varying vegetation structural attributes (e.g., leaf area index (LAI), vegetation height, rooting depth and distribution, and canopy mass) to the land surface scheme it is coupled with. Other than simulating vegetation biomass and its structural attributes CTEM also simulates amount of carbon in its dead pools (litter and soil organic matter), and thus is able to provide net fluxes of CO2 between the land and the atmosphere. This documentation provides a brief description of CTEM 1.0/1.1 and the manner in which CTEM is coupled to Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS, version 2.7) [Verseghy et al. 1993; Verseghy, 1991]. Coupled CLASS 2.7/CTEM 1.0 are implemented in CCCma's coupled carbon climate model. http-www.cccma.ec.gc.ca/ctem/ CLASS-CTEMNplus_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Maoyi Huang (maoyi.huang@pnnl.gov) citations: 1. li, h., m. huang, m. s. wigmosta, et al. 2011, evaluating runoff simulations from the community land model 4.0 using observations from flux towers and a mountainous watershed, j. geophys. res., 116, d24120, doi:10.1029/2011jd016276. Incorporating parameterizations from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model into CLM. http-www.cesm.ucar.edu/working_groups/Land/Presentations/2012/huang.pdf CLM4VIC_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Daniel J. Hayes (hayesdj@ornl.gov) citations: 1. mao, jiafu, peter e. thornton, xiaoying shi, maosheng zhao, wilfred m. post, 2012: remote sensing evaluation of clm4 gpp for the period 2000–09. j. climate, 25, 5327–5342. doi: http-dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00401.1 2. shi, x., mao j., thornton p. e., hoffman f. o. r. r. e. s. t. m., & post w. m. (2011). the impact of climate, co2, nitrogen deposition and land use change on simulated contemporary global river flow. geophysical research letters. 38(8). doi: 10.1029/2011gl046773 3. mao, jiafu; shi, xiaoying; thornton, peter e.; hoffman, forrest m.; zhu, zaichun; myneni, ranga b. 2013. "global latitudinal-asymmetric vegetation growth trends and their driving mechanisms: 1982–2009." remote sens. 5, no. 3: 1484-1497. The Community Land Model version 4.0 (CLM4.0) is the land model used in the CCSM4.0. CLM4.0 is the latest in a series of land models developed through the CCSM project. http-www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/ccsm4.0/clm/ CLM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Hanqin Tian (tianhan@auburn.edu) citations: 1. tian, h., x. xu, c. lu, m. liu, w. ren, g. chen, j. melillo, and j. liu (2011), net exchanges of co2, ch4, and n2o between china's terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and their contributions to global climate warming, j. geophys. res., 116, g02011, doi:10.1029/2010jg001393. 2. tian, hq, g. chen, c. zhang, m. liu, g. sun, a. chappelka, w. ren, x. xu, c. lu, s. pan, h. chen, d. hui, s. mcnulty, g. lockaby and e. vance. 2012. century-scale response of ecosystem carbon storage to multifactorial global change in the southern united states. ecosystems 15(4): 674-694, doi: 10.1007/s10021-012-9539-x The Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) represents the state-of-the-art in terrestrial ecosystem modeling, which couples biophysical, hydrological, major biogeochemical processes (C, N, and P cycling) including trace gases emissions such as CO2, N2O, CH4 , vegetation dynamics, disturbances including natural and anthropogenic aspects (e.g. land-use/land-cover change, intensive management on crops and forests, wild fire, insect and disease etc.) , and works at multiple scales in time from daily to yearly and space from meters to kilometers, from region to globe across Earth’s land surface and in adjacent ocean regions. https-scisoc.confex.com/crops/2013am/webprogram/Paper78258.html DLEM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Daniel Ricciuto (ricciutodm@ornl.gov) http-www.esd.ornl.gov/~wmp/GTEC/pgtec.html GTEC = Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Model GTEC - global model contains 21,600 1 degree terrestrial cells. The carbon dynamics of each vegetated land cell (1.0 degree latitude X 1.0 degree longitude resolution) is described by a mechanistic soil-plant-atmosphere model (LoTEC) of ecosystem carbon storage and CO2 and H2O flux. Each grid cell is assigned to one of 15 ecosystem types and one of 105 soil types. GTEC_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Atul Jain (jain1@illinois.edu) Integrated Assessment Modeling (IAM) is a new important research methodology for examining the complex interactions among physical, and human systems. Rather than actually using many of the multi-dimensional and complicated expert models, IAM build on the knowledge achieved by each individual scientific discipline. The uses of such tools need to explicitly recognize and address the existence of considerable uncertainty and scientific debate surrounding climate issues. Our existing Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) for assessment of climate change (Jain et al., 1994) consists of coupled modules for representation of the carbon cycle, effects of greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols on atmospheric composition, effects on global temperatures using an energy balance model, and processes affecting sea level change. This model has been used to estimate the relation between the time-dependent rate of greenhouse gas emissions and quantitative features of climate global temperature, the rate of temperature change, and sea level that are thought to be indicators of human impact on climate and ecosystems (Wigley et al., 1998). This model has also been applied to studies of Global Warming Potential (GWP, Wuebbles, et al., 1995), and the Economic-Damage Index (EDI, Hammitt et al., 1996) concepts. http-climate.atmos.uiuc.edu/isam2/descript.html ISAM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Benjamin Poulter (benjamin.poulter@lsce.ipsl.fr) Citations: 1. Sitch S, Smith B, Prentice IC, Arneth A, Bondeau A, Cramer W, Kaplan J, Levis S, Lucht, W, Sykes M, Thonicke K, Venevsky S 2003. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ Dynamic Vegetation Model. Global Change Biology 9: 161–185. 2. Bondeau A, Smith PC, Zaehle S, Schaphoff S, Lucht W, Cramer W, Gerten D, Lotze-Campen H, Müller C, Reichstein M & Smith B (2007) Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance. Gl Ch Biol 13:679-706, 3. Poulter, B, L Aragao, U Heyder, Gumpenberger, M, F Langerwisch, A Rammig, K Thonicke and W Cramer. 2010. Net biome production of the Amazon Basin in the 21st century. Global Change Biology, 16(7):2062-2075. LPJ-wsl is a dynamic global vegetation model that simulates coupled biogeography and biogeochemical responses to climate, CO2, and disturbance (Sitch et al., 2003). http-digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132&context=nasapub LPJ-wsl_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Shushi Peng (Shushi.Peng@lsce.ipsl.fr) Gwena‰lle Berthier (Gwenaelle.Berthier@lsce.ipsl.fr) citations: 1. krinner, g., viovy, n., noblet-ducoudre, n. de, ogee, j., polcher, j., friedlingstein, p., ciais, p., sitch, s., and prentice, i. c (2005). a dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system. global biogeochem. cycles, 19, gb1015. The ORCHIDEE dynamic global vegetation model represents the land surface features of the IPSL coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation model. ORCHIDEE has been developed using first order ecophysiological principles to represent both natural ecosystem and managed land carbon, water, and energy dynamics across multiple spatial (site to globe) and temporal (sub-daily to centennial) scales. lsce = Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement http-unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_publications/items/7382.php ORCHIDEE-LSCE_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Nicholas C. Parazoo (nicholas.c.parazoo@jpl.nasa.gov) citations: 1. baker, i. t., l. prihodko, a. s. denning, m. goulden, s. miller, and h. r. da rocha (2008), seasonal drought stress in the amazon: reconciling models and observations, j. geophys. res., 113(g1), g00b01. The Simple Biosphere (SiB) Model was originally developed by Piers Sellers in the mid-1980’s as an internally-consistent module to surface-atmosphere exchanges of radiation, heat, moisture, and momentum over land. It was extended in the mid-1990’s by a team of interdisciplinary scientists to include mechanistic linkages to photosynthesis, stomatal physiology, and satellite remote sensing. Since that time it has been extended to include improved treatment of carbon cycling, soils, snow, hydrology, stable isotopes, phenology, and crops. http-biocycle.atmos.colostate.edu/research/models/sib3/ SIB3-JPL_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Kevin Schaefer (kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org) citations: 1. schaefer, k., g. j. collatz, p. tans, a. s. denning, i. baker, j. berry, l. prihodko, n. suits, and a. philpott (2008), combined simple biosphere/carnegie-ames-stanford approach terrestrial carbon cycle model, j. geophys. res., 113, g03034, doi:10.1029/2007jg000603. 2. schaefer, k., t. zhang, a. g. slater, l. lu, a. etringer, and i. baker (2009), improving simulated soil temperatures and soil freeze/thaw at high-latitude regions in the simple biosphere/carnegie-ames-stanford approach model, j. geophys. res., 114, f02021, doi:10.1029/2008jf001125. We combine the photosynthesis and biophysical calculations in the Simple Biosphere model, Version 2.5 (SiB2.5) with the biogeochemistry from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to create SiBCASA, a hybrid capable of estimating terrestrial carbon fluxes and biomass from diurnal to decadal timescales. http-biocycle.atmos.colostate.edu/Documents/SiB/Schaefer_2008_J._Geophys._Res.pdf SIBCASA_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Dan Hayes (hayesdj@ornl.gov) citations: 1. hayes, d.j., a.d. mcguire, d.w. kicklighter, k.r. gurney, t.j. burnside, and j.m. melillo (2011), is the northern high latitude land-based co2 sink weakening? global biogeochemical cycles, 25(3), gb3018, doi:10.1029/2010gb003813. The Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) is a process-based ecosystem model that describes carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics of plants and soils for terrestrial ecosystems of the globe. The TEM uses spatially referenced information on climate, elevation, soils and vegetation as well as soil- and vegetation-specific parameters to make estimates of important carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and pool sizes of terrestrial ecosystems. The TEM normally operates on a monthly time step and at a 0.5 degrees latitude/longitude spatial resolution, but the model has been applied at finer spatial resolutions (down to 1 hectare). http-ecosystems.mbl.edu/TEM/ TEM6_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Changhui Peng (peng.changhui@uqam.ca) citations: 1. peng, c.h., zhu, q.a and h. chen, 2011. integrating greenhouse gas emission processes into a dynamic global vegetation model: triplex-ghg model development and testing, in: procceding of isem 2011 conference, pp76 2. peng et al (2013), in preparation TRIPLEX-GHG is a process-based model framework used to quantify terrestrial ecosystem greenhouse gas dynamics by incorporating both ecological drivers and biogeochemical processes. TRIPLEX-GHG was developed from the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), a dynamic global vegetation model, coupled with a new methane (CH4) biogeochemistry module (incorporating CH4 production, oxidation, and transportation processes) and a water table module to investigate CH4 emission processes that occur in natural wetlands. http-www.researchgate.net/publication/260724890_Modelling_methane_emissions_from_natural_wetlands_TRIPLEX-GHG_model_integration_sensitivity_analysis_and_calibration TRIPLEX-GHG_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Ning Zeng (zeng@atmos.umd.edu) The VEgetation-Global Atmosphere-Soil Model (VEGAS) http-www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~biasutti/Workshop/ppts/Zeng.pdf VEGAS2.1_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Akihiko Ito (z060507@gmail.com) citations: 1. ito, a. (2010), changing ecophysiological processes and carbon budget in east asian ecosystems under near-future changes in climate: implications for long-term monitoring from a process-based model, j.plant res., 123, 577-588, doi:10.1007/s10265-009-0305-x. 2. ito, a. (2008), the regional carbon budget of east asia simulated with a terrestrial ecosystem model and validated using asiaflux data, agricultural and forest meteorology, 148(5), 738-747, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.12.007. VISIT:
Vegetation
Integrative
Simulator
for
Trace
gases
by
A.Ito
(NIES)
 =>
ecophysiological,
biogeochemical
model:
cf.
Biome‐BGC,
Century NIES = National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan http-www.fluxdata.org/DataInfo/AsilomarPresentations/090210_asilomar_aito.pdf VISIT_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method Carbon Dioxide Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41609 The pool of carbon oxoanions that have formula CO3. Carbonate Pool Fixed Carbon Pool Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicellular_organism unicellular, single-celled, single cell, monad Single-Celled Organism An organism that consists of only one cell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_organism Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 multi-cellular organism; whole organism animal Multi-Celled Organism An organism that consist of more than one cell Microorganisms are very diverse and include all bacteria, archaea and most protozoa. This group also contains some species of fungi, algae, and certain microscopic animals, such as rotifers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism microorganism Microbe Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 A state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter Physical State phase, state, state of matter Physical State Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter. A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas air is a gas mixture with various pure gases gaseous state Gas Gas Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter. It is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the entire volume available to it like a gas does. The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice or irregularly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid crystalline solids include metals and ice solid state Solid Solid Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 The dissolution of gases, liquids, or solids into a liquid or other solvent is a process by which these original states become solutes (dissolved components), forming a solution of the gas, liquid, or solid in the original solvent. Solid solutions are the result of dissolution of one solid into another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_(chemistry) metal alloys are dissolved solid solutions dissolution, dissolved state Dissolved Dissolved http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17245 Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to hemoglobic animals (including humans) when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions. In the atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the formation of ground-level ozone. CO CHEBI:41526, CHEBI:3282, CHEBI:13281, CHEBI:23013 CHEBI:17245 Carbon Monoxide A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. Organic Carbon Organic Carbon Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 "wood." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/wood Aboveground Woody Biomass Carbon Pool The total sum of the mass of carbon contained in the tough, fibrous substance lying beneath the bark of trees and shrubs, consisting of the vascular tissue known as xylem and composed chiefly of cellulose and lignin. Particulate Organic Carbon Pool Inorganic carbon is carbon extracted from ores and minerals, as opposed to organic carbon found in nature through plants and living things. Some examples of inorganic carbon are carbon oxides such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; polyatomic ions, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, carbonate and carbide in carbon. http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/Chemistry_of_Carbon Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Made this class a sibling of CHEBI class 'inorganic molecular entity' because CHEBI says that an 'inorganic molecular entity' contains no carbon, and we didn't want to contradict that. Inorganic Carbon Inorganic Carbon Pool Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms WordNet Tree sapling In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species. Tree Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon numerator is carbon, denominator is a volume or weight of soil. Litter Carbon Concentration decomposition detritus leaf litter litter fall litterfall Concentration of carbon in litter. Litter Carbon Concentration Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Plant Ontology (PO:0025161) Plant Ontology, accession: PO:0025161 plant-derived organic material A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant, the whole or part thereof. Plant Material Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton, http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/phyto.html photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae WordNet phytoplankton plankton The autotrophic components of the plankton community and a key factor of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems. Microscopic, but when present in high enough numbers, some varieties may be produce colored patches on the water surface. From Greek, 'phyto' = plant and 'planktos' = wanderer. Phytoplankton Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Morrison, M. L., W.M. Block, M. D Strickland, B. A. Collier, M. J. Peterson. 2008 Wildlife Study Design. Springer Science & Business Media, (via google books, sect 2.4.1, p 42) and cited therein: FIsher. R. A. 1925. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd, London. Hurlbert, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecolgical field experments. Ecol Monogr. 54:187-211 http://everything2.com/title/Manipulative+experiment also see the below, from everything2.com A manipulative experiment is one in which the experimenter manipulates the system of study in order to attempt to uncover causal relationships. Such experiments can either be rigidly or loosely controlled. In the former case, investigator may create an artificial system in a laboratory setting and control all confounding variables so as to eliminate ambiguity in the interpretation of results. In the latter case, the investigator may simply modify one or two variables of interest in order to determine how the natural system will respond. The statistical methods used to analyse the data are generally of the analysis of variance type, but there are exceptions (especially in the case of loosely controlled manipulations). Two examples follow, one where rigid control was exercised, and one where loose control was used. Manipulative experiment Observation of an ecological system of interest under specific, controllable circumstances in an effort to evaluate system response. Fundamentally, manipulative or comarative experments (Hurlbert 1984) require 1) random allocation of treatments (ncluding controls) to experimental units from the population under study and 2) replication of each tratment over several experimental units (Fisher 1925). Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_experiment Also could use: Term loosely used to apply to the study of any naturally occurring differences among groups. W. Paul Vogt, Dianne C. Gardner, Lynne M. Haeffele. 2012. When to Use What Research Design Guilford Press (p 62 via google books) Natural experiment A natural experiment is an empirical study in which individuals (or clusters of individuals) exposed to the experimental and control conditions are determined by nature or by other factors outside the control of the investigators, yet the process governing the exposures arguably resembles random assignment. Natural experiment Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaweed and Dawes, Cl J. 1978. Marine Botany, John Wiley and Sons., p 113 Macroalgae An operational term for photosynthetic, nonvascular plants that contain chlorophyll a nad have simple reproductive structures, and that are visible to the unaided eye. Includes some members of the red, brown, and green algae, taxonomic groups which do not have a common multicellular ancestor. Some tuft-forming cyanobacteria or diatoms are sometimes considered macroalgae. Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 PATO:0001334 diameter the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 PATO:0001648 http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/PATO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001648 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference the size of something as given by the distance around it WordNet circumference Perimeter of a circle The circumference (from Latin circumferentia, meaning "carrying around") of a closed curve or circular object is the linear distance around its edge. The circumference of a circle is of special importance in geometry and trigonometry. Informally "circumference" may also refer to the edge itself rather than to the length of the edge. Circumference is a special case of perimeter: the perimeter is the length around any closed figure, but conventionally "perimeter" is typically used in reference to a polygon while "circumference" typically refers to a continuously differentiable curve. Circumference Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 www.thefreedictionary.com/height the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top WordNet height PATO:0000119 width, length the measurement from base of something to top, or to a fixed point. Height IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "concentration". (via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration#cite_note-goldbook-1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration the strength of a solution (i.e. number of molecules of a substance in a given volume) WordNet A concentration measurement describes a mixture of two entities, usually expressed as 'concentration of [entity 1] in [entity 2].' Note: see list of issues, text file called ECSO_notes_issues.txt PATO concentration_of explicitly says mixture of one substance with another. superclasses (measuresEntity, measuresCharacterstic) deliberately left off this class because mixtures can be quite variable. See children. added a child of concentration-of, called 'molar concentration', and put the equivalence class there. alternative could be that 'molar concentration' is a synonym of AmountOfSubstanceConcentration in OBOE. concentration_MeasurementType PATO:0000033, concentration of Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. Concentration Measurement Type https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass". biomass_MeasurementType From Wikipedia: Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals. Use in ECSO: There are many methods and usages of biomass measurements. This ECSO class is for a group of measurements where only the mass of the material was recorded. Pertinent area and datetime components are implicit (or in the protocol). The mass can be expressed as an average, or as the total mass in the community. Biomass Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/depth, accessed 2016-06-27 deepness depth the perpendicular measurement downward from a surface Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet Moisture refers to the presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts. Moisture also refers to the amount of water vapour present in the air. There are many ways to measure moisture in products, such as different wave measurement (light and audio), electromagnetic fields, capacitive methods, and the more traditional weighing and drying technique. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moisture Soil Moisture Percentage wet, wetness wetness caused by water Soil Moisture Percentage Concentration may be expressed per volume of water (e.g., for phytoplankton), or per some measure of plant material. Plant Pigment Concentration http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_(mathematics)#Temporal temporal_rate_MeasurementType A rate measurement is a quantity measured with respect to a second measured quantitiy. In temporal rates, the denominator (second quantity) is time. Temporal Rate Measurement Type Organic Carbon Concentration Amount of carbon in some material. measurements will be a ratio where the numerator is Carbon (in mass or amount) and denominator is [mass or amount] of the material the Carbon is mixed with. Various units are used, eg, gram/gram,gram/volume, percent. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thickness thickness the distance between the top and bottom or front and back surfaces of something Fluorescence_measurementType ecosystem component entity ecosystem component entity Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of water. Specific humidity is a ratio of the water vapor content of the mixture to the total air content on a mass basis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity Near_Surface_Specific_Humidity_MOV humidity Near surface specific humidity Near Surface Specific Humidity MOV Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) this class is general enough to be in oboe. but it could be a child of PATO concentration. mass concentration In chemistry, the mass concentration is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon SOM Percent soil organic matter in mineral soil (by compustion at 550 c) number https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7 Total Soil Carbon soil organic Soil carbon includes both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter present in soil Total Soil Carbon Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Adapted from ECSO_00000018, Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux The respiration rate of heterotrophic organisms (animals and microbes) summed per unit area and time, and occuring in soil. Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Freshwater Chlorophyll Fluorescence Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/biology/control_regulation/growth/revision/1/ http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Growth Google (no ref to src material) WordNet the only growth was some salt grass growing, maturation, development Growth The process of increasing in physical size, mass or number, gradually and irreversibly. the process of developing or maturing. the increase in number and spread of small or microscopic organisms. potential synonyms: development, maturation, growing, germination, sprouting; blooming, expansion, extension, development, progress, advance, advancement Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_measurement#Height Tree Height Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the highest sprig at the top of the tree. The base of the tree is measured for both height and girth as being the elevation at which the pith of the tree intersects the ground surface beneath, or "where the acorn sprouted." Tree Height Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf Tree Diameter Diameter of a tree. Often measured at a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height). May be measured as circumference, then divided by pi. Tree Diameter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo.owl Process An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. Process Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 http://www.fia.fs.fed.us/library/fact-sheets/p3-factsheets/tree-growth.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_measurement http://texastreeid.tamu.edu/content/howTreesGrow/ the majority of tree growth occurs in late spring and early summer Tree growth dbh Tree growth is computed from sequential measurements of a tree that often depend on the species and its form. Measurements include (but are not limited to) height, circumference and diamater, eg, diameter at breast height, or DBH. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm wet_weight The plant, animal, or other material containing the chemical of interest is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) biomass_density Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals.[4] Use in ECSO: The mass expressed as mass per unit area. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) the amount per unit size (i.e. the total mass of living matter in a given unit area) WordNet Use in ECSO: mass per area. Deliberately did not use the OBOE characteristic ArealDensity, because that one seemed to be specific to physics. biomass_density_MeasurementType Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms per unit area at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals. biomass density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://www.reference.com/science/linear-measurement-c0842dc7f571f781 of or in or along or relating to a line; involving or having a single dimension WordNet linear_MeasurementType one-dimensional A linear measurement assigns a numerical value for the length of an object or between objects. Units of linear measure include inch, foot, meter, kilometer and mile. Linear measurements have one dimension, whereas square measurements have two dimensions and cubic measurements have three. Linear Measurement Type http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/PATO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002390 radius A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes from the center of a circle to any endpoint on the circular boundary. The radius is half of the diameter This class is a grouping for all protocols that measure the biomass of something. These might include total weight of (e.g.) a sample of grass or fish, or total carbon in a sample, where the size of the sample is not part of the observation. Hence, unit should be a mass unit only. Biomass Method Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+mass dry_weight the weight of biological material dried at 105 °C until no further water loss takes place. Because water content varies considerably between individuals, dry weight is the most commonly used method of assessing weight in plants and animals. http://umbs.lsa.umich.edu/research/variable/ash-free-dry-weight.htm ash_content syn = ash_content ash_weight https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_(mathematics) rate unit units for rates, where a rate is the ratio between two related quantities.[1] The most common type of rate is "per unit of time", such as speed, heart rate and flux. Ratios that have a non-time denominator include exchange rates, literacy rates and electric field (in volts/meter). see flux_MeasurementType flux unit Units for flux measurements should have a quantity in the numerator and time and area in the denominator. A flux is the rate of transfer of a substance or energy across a given surface temporal rate unit Rate units with a denominator in time units. chloroplyll-a Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1 Freshwater Bicarbonate Concentration Concentration of bicarbonate in freshwater serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Freshwater Bicarbonate Concentration 'Seawater Chlorophyll Fluorescence' Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 bacteria. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bacteria (accessed: June 30, 2016). single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants WordNet Bacteria Eubacteria a very large group of microorganisms comprising one of the three domains of living organisms. They are prokaryotic, unicellular, and either free-living in soil or water or parasites of plants or animals See also prokaryote Bacteria http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/organic_carbon.html DOC DOM dissolved organic material dissolved organic carbon Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is defined as the organic matter that is able to pass through a filter (filters generally range in size between 0.7 and 0.22 um). See particulate organic carbon. http://www.ecologydictionary.org/PARTICULATE_ORGANIC_MATTER_(POM) POC POM particulate organic matter particulate organic carbon Particulate organic carbon (POC), or particulate organic matter (POM) is that organic matter suspended in water, and that is not able to pass through a filter (filters generally range in size between 0.7 and 0.22 um). Usually plant or animal origin. Plant Ontology, PO:0000003 whole plant plant Defined by the Plant Ontology as a plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. PO label is 'whole plant' Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_horizon#Layers soil profile, soil profiles This is a grouping class, analogous to 'lake layer' and 'marine layer' soil layer A layer which is part of soil. Soil generally consists of visually and texturally distinct layers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer soil active layer In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon numerator is carbon, denominator is a volume or weight of soil. Soil Carbon Concentration Concentration of carbon in soil, which could include all forms (eg, inorganic carbon, carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter). Soil carbon plays a key role in the carbon cycle, and thus it is important in global climate models. Soil Carbon Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation since light can be either a wave or a particle, is it a material entity? for ECSO purposes, yes. electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation is the radiant energy released by certain electromagnetic processes. Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation; other familiar forms are invisible to the human eye, such as radio waves, infrared light and X-rays. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 This is a "foster parent" class, for holding MTs that are not quite done. It is intended to be removed. 00_unclassified_measurementType 00 Unclassified Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 proportion_measurementType https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity ratio, dimensionless quantity the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole Proportion Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight sunlight solar radiation Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature#Temperature_measurement the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity) WordNet temperature_measurementType temp Temperature is measured with thermometers that may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales. Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0K = −273.15°C, or absolute zero. The basic unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI) is the kelvin. It has the symbol K. Temperature Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Momentum_transfer Momentum Flux momentum transfer In momentum transfer, the fluid is treated as a continuous distribution of matter. The study of momentum transfer, or fluid mechanics can be divided into two branches: fluid statics (fluids at rest), and fluid dynamics (fluids in motion). Momentum Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-09/970201967.Es.r.html AshWeight ash weight Soil Ash Weight gram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1115/1 Ash Weight Biomass Mass of the ash remaining from comustion of a dried sample, thus the inorganic content. Ash Weight Biomass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation n_fixation nitrogen fixation rate nitrogen fixation rate as integrated photic zone rates micromolPerLiterPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/299/1 Nitrogen Fixation Rate Nitrogen fixation is a process in which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3). Atmospheric nitrogen or molecular dinitrogen (N2) is relatively inert: it does not easily react with other chemicals to form new compounds. The fixation process frees nitrogen atoms from their triply bonded diatomic form, N≡N, to be used in other ways. Nitrogen Fixation Rate Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_density Dry Bulk density (g/cm3) Dry bulk density gramsPerCubicCentimeter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.301.8/html mass density numerator and denominator same entity Soil Bulk Density Soil bulk density is a property used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel) defined as the mass of many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy. Soil Bulk Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content#Measurement water content, moisture Volumetric Water Content Method Water content can be directly measured using a known volume of the material, and a drying oven. Volumetric water content is calculated via the volume of water and the masses of water sample before and after drying in the oven. For materials that change in volume with water content, such as coal, the water content is expressed in terms of the mass of water per unit mass of the moist specimen. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Combustion High Temperature Combustion In a combustion analyzer, half of the sample is injected into a chamber where it is acidified, usually with phosphoric acid, to turn all of the inorganic carbon into carbon dioxide. This is then sent to a detector for measurement. The other half of the sample is injected into a combustion chamber which is raised to between 600–700 °C, some even up to 1200 °C. Here, all the carbon reacts with oxygen, forming carbon dioxide. It's then flushed into a cooling chamber, and finally into the detector. Usually, the detector used is a non-dispersive infrared spectrophotometer. By finding the total inorganic carbon and subtracting it from the total carbon content, the amount of organic carbon is determined. Temporal Rate Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area area_MeasurementType Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object. Area Measurement Type Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v200/n4908/abs/200814a0.html Ai rate Net Assimilation Rate microMolesPerMetersSquaredPerSecond urn:node:LTER Confirm: Not sure what to do with these. in our corpus, there is only only one dataset with this measurement (https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1150/1) It seems like it is a Specific production rate, but we have not decided how to model these combinations of existing measurement types Net Assimilation Rate Flux the rate of increase of dry weight per unit of leaf area Net Assimilation Rate Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 total_c Total carbon Percentage urn:node:TERN Carbon Percentage percent carbon Percentage of a sample that is carbon Carbon Percentage Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Net_Carbon_Production rate Periphyton Net carbon production milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3 Carbon Specific Net Production Rate Carbon Specific Net Production Rate Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_respiration Net_Respiration rate Periphyton Net carbon respiration milligramsPerGramPerHour urn:node:LTER Net Carbon Respiration Rate Flux Carbon respiration (also called carbon emissions and carbon releases) is used in combination with carbon fixation to gauge carbon flux (as CO2) between atmospheric carbon and the global carbon cycle. Net Carbon Respiration Rate Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion, micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER Oceanic Bicarbonate Concentration Concentration of bicarbonate in sea water serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Oceanic Bicarbonate Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetation coupledvegCchange coupledvegCchange coupled vegetation Carbon change dimensionless (coupled/uncoupled) urn:node:LTER Vegetation Carbon Change Percentage Change in carbon percentage of vegetation, which are assemblages of plant species and the ground cover they provide. Vegetation Carbon Change Percentage Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon coupledsoilCchange coupledsoilCchange coupled soil Carbon change dimensionless (coupled/uncoupled) urn:node:LTER Soil Carbon Change Percentage Soil carbon change percentage includes change of both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter. Soil Carbon Change Percentage Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Growth_rate Growth_rate_carbon Growth rate, carbon The seasonal growth rate of M. pyrifera carbon mass (day-1). This variable is calculated as the growth rate necessary to explain the observed change in biomass during each period, given the initial biomass and the independently measured loss rates (see Section I.B Equation 1). Growth rates for all days in each season are averaged. reciprocalDay urn:node:LTER Growth Rate The rate, or speed, at which the number of organisms in a population increases. Growth Rate Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production npp Net primary production (g m-2 yr-1) dimensionless this is one that needs the NPP in plant weight, not carbon. doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.347.3 Net Primary Production Biomass Flux Net primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide accountig for losses to processes such as cellular respiration. Biomass flux is the change in biomass over a given area over time. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy. Net Primary Production Biomass Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration Evap Daily evapottranspiration in mm millimeter peggym.110159.2 Transpiration Height Height of transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. Transpiration Height Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting Count count dimensionless doi:10.5063/AA/gtg488d.4.1 count_MeasurementType Counting is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of objects. The traditional way of counting consists of continually increasing a (mental or spoken) counter by a unit for every element of the set, in some order, while marking (or displacing) those elements to avoid visiting the same element more than once, until no unmarked elements are left; if the counter was set to one after the first object, the value after visiting the final object gives the desired number of elements. The related term enumeration refers to uniquely identifying the elements of a finite (combinatorial) set or infinite set by assigning a number to each element. Count Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Percent_N Percent Nitrogen dimensionless urn:node:KNB Nitrogen Percentage Percentage of a sample that is nitrogen Nitrogen Percentage Freshwater Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) Browse biomass (g DM_m-1) Browse biomass (g DM.m-1) dimensionless judithk.109849.2 Preferred biomass (g DM_m-1) Preferred biomass (g DM.m-1) dimensionless judithk.109849.2 Plant Material Biomass Density Biomass excluding non-plants per unit area at a given time. Plant Material Biomass Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) Stem/branch/foliage biomass Stem/branch/foliage biomass kilogram cmchiu.135.2 Plant Material Biomass Biomass excluding non-plants Plant Material Biomass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) salmonBM2005 Salmon Biomass 05 Salmon Biomass in 2005 kilogramsPerSquareMeter df35b.159.6 Non-Plant Material Biomass Density Biomass excluding plants per unit area at a given time. Non-Plant Material Biomass Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) basSpawnBM2004 Basin Spawner Biomass 2004 Basin spawner biomass in 2004 in metric tons tonne df35b.159.6 Non-Plant Material Biomass Biomass excluding plants Non-Plant Material Biomass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass Column 12 Halodule Biomass (g AFDW) of Halodule leaves and rhizomes dimensionless (where AFDW is ash-free dry weight) doi:10.5063/AA/hstuar01.6.3 Ash Free Dry Weight Biomass The dry mass of a biomass sample or of an object when completely dried (lacks or excluding water). Ash Free Dry Weight Biomass Ocean hectare square kilometer Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_temperature potemp00 potential temperature from first sensor pair Temperature after the effects of compression have been removed. Defined as the temperature of a parcel of water at the sea surface after it has been raised adiabatically from some depth in the ocean celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6 Potential Temperature The potential temperature of a parcel of fluid at pressure is the temperature that the parcel would acquire if adiabatically brought to a standard reference pressure, usually 1000 millibars. Potential Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation WaterLevel water level water level centimetersPerDay https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1098/3 Precipitation Rate Rate of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. Precipitation Rate Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_salinity Soil_Salinity_Porewater Porewater salinity calculated from soil sample dry weight and salinity of supernatant after resuspension in water dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/433/8 Soil Porewater Salinity Concentration Concentration of soil salinity, the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean. It can also come about through artificial processes such as irrigation. Soil Porewater Salinity Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density col_4144 CephalopVol biomass milliliterPerThousandCubicMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pal/212/1 Confirm: This class may be deprecated, or transformed somehow for use in population measurements. For now, only one dataset in the corpus uses it, for a common representation of abundance, for groups of organisms. (https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pal/212/1) Volume Fraction Biomass Concentration The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density of biomass per unit volume. temporal_MeasurementType Temporal Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Physics definition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density General defiintion: https://www.google.com/#q=define+density There could be a subclass for a material's areal density that measuresCharacterstic only ArealDensity areal_density_MeasurementType The quantity, amount, weight, etc or things in a given area or space, ie, where the numerator and denominator are different entities. If the numerator and denominator are the same entity, then this would be a measurement of material density (of a 2-dimensional object), eg, as in physics. Areal Density Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 OBSERVATION animal density of Cymatogaster aggregata numberPerMeterSquared https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/5556/2 Non-Plant Material Count Aerial Density Number of non-plant material entities (i.e. animals, fungi) per unit area at a given time Non-Plant Material Count Aerial Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 AESPRA Plant density Aeschynomene pratensis numberPerMeterSquared taxa:Aeschynomene_pratensis Plant Material Count Aerial Density Number of plant material entities (i.e. trees, plant parts) per unit area at a given time Plant Material Count Aerial Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 roadDens_BUFR Density of roads within the buffer. Derived using methods of Pechenick et al. 2014 (km^-1) dimensionless cgries.16.1 Built Feature Count Aerial Density Number of built feature entities (i.e. roads, bridges) per unit area at a given time Built Feature Count Aerial Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Litter avg/m2 mean litterfall gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/8/18 Litter Biomass Density decomposition detritus leaf litter Mass of undecomposed biomass material found on the forest floor per unit area at a given time. Litter Biomass Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide Mean_Higher_High_Water Mean higher-high water based on historic station datum meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/249/33 Tide Height Height of tides, which are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Tide Height Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level Mean Sea Level Mean Monthly Sea Level Mean Monthly Sea Level meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1059/3 Sea Level Height Height of sea level, which is generally used to refer to mean sea level (MSL), an average level for the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured. Sea Level Height Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water Evap Daily evapottranspiration in mm millimeter peggym.110155.3 Water Height Evapotranspiration Height of water, which is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of organisms. Water Height Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_height Wave_Height Wave-height in meters df35d.398.6 Wave Height The wave height of a surface wave is the difference between the elevations of a crest and a neighbouring trough. Wave Height Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Body_Length Body Length (mm) millimeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.919.3 Non-Plant Material Length Length of an entity that is not a plant (i.e. body length of a specimen) Non-Plant Material Length NumberPerMeterSquared GramPerMeterSquared Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapyed from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass Dry_m2 Dry Mass Dry mass density derived from estimates of density or percent cover and laboratory estimates of taxa dry mass. gramPerMeterSquared https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/49/8 Dry Mass Density The dry matter of a sample or of an object when completely dried (lacks or excluding water) per area Dry Mass Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. pressure_MeasurementType Pressure Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater Pressure [db] pressure center of the pressure averaging interval decibar https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6 Seawater Pressure Pressure of seawater, or salt water, which is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, or 599 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one litre by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions). Seawater Pressure Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cover OBSERVATION plant cover of Dasyochloa pulchella (low woollygrass) percent https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/15283/2 Aerial Cover Percentage ground cover The abundances of plant species are often measured by plant cover, i.e. the relative area covered by different plant species in a small plot. Plant cover is not biased by the size and distributions of individuals, and is an important and often measured characteristic of the composition of plant communities. Plant cover data may be used to classify the studied plant community into a vegetation type, to test different ecological hypothesis on plant abundance, and in gradient studies, where the effects of different environmental gradients on the abundance of specific plant species are investigated. The most common way to measure plant cover in herbal plant communities, is to make a visual assessment of the relative area covered by the different species in a small plot (see quadrat). Aerial Cover Percentage Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology) %CC Percentage canopy cover of a single plot, calculated with a supervisd classification with maximum likelihood classifier(IDRISI GIS) on the area of an experimental burn plot dimensionless judithk.173.7 Canopy Percentage Percentage cover of canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns Canopy Percentage Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name Name A name is a term used for identification. Names can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual human. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning also) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or a scientist can give an element a name. Name Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_(statistics) N1 Proportion of individuals sampled who were in the naupliar 1 stage number ark:/90135/q13j39xf/4/mrt-eml.xml Sampled Individuals Proportion A data sample is a set of data collected and/or selected from a statistical population about entities by a defined procedure. Sampled Individuals Proportion Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrat PCT_WETLAND_BUFR Percent of buffer area as Wetlands (Woody + Herbaceous) squareKilometers cgries.16.1 Area Percentage An area, such as a quadrat sample, can be used to measure the percentage cover of an entity, such as a certain species Area Percentage Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 GrossProductionPerMass rate Periphyton Gross Production per Mass milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3 Carbon Specific Gross Production Rate Carbon Specific Gross Production Rate Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cover OBSERVATION plant cover of Carex percent https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/2645/2 Plant Cover Percentage Percentage of plant cover, which is the relative area covered by different plant species in a small plot. Plant cover is not biased by the size and distributions of individuals, and is an important and often measured characteristic of the composition of plant communities. Plant Cover Percentage Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density mass_density_MeasurementType The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. Mass Density Measurement Type Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density density density of animals density of animals per liter numberPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/79/4 volumetric_density_MeasurementType The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is a characteristic, such as mass or count, per unit volume. Volumetric Density Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density cal_sp_ls Average biomass (mg C m-3) of calanoid copepodites and adults during Spring (March-May) in the low salinity zone (0.5-10 ppt) dimensionless doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.958.8 Biomass Volumetric Density abundance richness The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density of biomass per unit volume. Biomass Volumetric Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density density number per liter number per liter summed over sex and stage and volumetrically integrated over the water column numberPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/37/11 Number Volumetric Density The density, or more precisely, the volumetric count density of entities per unit volume. Number Volumetric Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration total_biomass total biomass of taxon total biomass of taxon milligramPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/79/4 Biomass Concentration Abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture, or concentration, of biomass, which is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms Biomass Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water waterdepth depth below water surface in meter meter cgries.23.1 Water Depth Depth of water, which is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of organisms. Water Depth Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow Mean snow depth Irkutsk - boulder Snow & Ice data Snow depth in cm at Irkutsk Weather station Snow depth in cm at Irkutsk station in the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Historical Soviet Daily Snow Depth - version 2.0 centimeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.290.8 Snow Depth precipitation snowpack Depth of snow, which is precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls from clouds Snow Depth Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake depth_ned lake depth lake depth derived from National Elevation Dataset meter ben.1.1 Lake Depth Depth of a lake, which is an area of variable size filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lake Depth Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil depth Depth range of layer centimeter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.182.10/html Soil Depth Depth of soil, which is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil Depth Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secchi_disk Secchi Depth Method The disc is mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly down in the water. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_litter LITTER Letter depth centimeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7 Litter Depth decomposition detritus leaf litter The depth of dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that have fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O horizon ("O" for "organic"). Litter Depth Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#Gross_primary_production_and_net_primary_production NPP net primary productivity Net primary productivity milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1087/3 Carbon in the numerator (weight or moles) and measured weight (in weight or moles) in both the numerator and denominator Specifc Net Production Flux Net primary production (NPP) flux that relative to another mass (or other measurement of amount, eg, leaf area, plant wet weight) that primary producers create in a given length of time over a given area Net primary production flux is the rate at which all the plants in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy, in this case, relative to another mass (usually of the same plant) Specifc Net Production Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream Logger 1 (tide gauge) Dc (m) Logger 1 (tide gauge) Dc (m) Depth of water (in m) above creek bottom relative to the tide gauge meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pie/161/3 Stream Depth Depth of a stream, which is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Stream Depth Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater SBAS3_BR_80 readings (mm). actual water level below ground surface millimeter judithk.1716.4 Groundwater Depth Depth of groundwater (or ground water), which is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table. Groundwater Depth Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings/parameters/ground_heat_flux.shtml G1 G1 Ground heat flux wattPerMeterSquared knb-lter-arc.20005.1 Ground Heat Flux Ground heat flux is the process where heat energy is transferred from the Earth’s surface to the subsurface of the Earth via conduction. It is an important component of the Earth’s surface energy budget. Ground heat flux can be presented by the amount of heat transmitted per unit of area per unit of time. Ground Heat Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings/parameters/latent_heat_flux.shtml LE LE Latent heat flux wattPerMeterSquared knb-lter-arc.20005.1 Latent Heat Flux Latent heat flux is the flux of heat from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere that is associated with evaporation of water at the surface and subsequent condensation of water vapor in the troposphere. It is an important component of Earth's surface energy budget. Latent heat flux is commonly measured with the Bowen ratio technique, or by eddy covariance. Latent Heat Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_crown_measurement Crown length (m) Crown length meter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.628.7/html Tree Crown Height Height of the crown of a tree, which consists of the mass of foliage and branches growing outward from the trunk of the tree. The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown, taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown. Crown Height Tree Crown Height Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 h1 Stem 1 height meter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.116.9/html Plant Material Height Height of a physical entity that is a plant or part of a plant (i.e. tree trunk height) Plant Material Height Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Rain Total daily rainfall in mm millimeter peggym.110130.3 Precipitation Height Height of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and "precipitates". Precipitation Height Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide fCO2_CO2calc_input fCO2, measured (microatm) Fugosity of CO2 (measured), in saturated air at equilibrium with water in microatmospheres (CO2calc input) microatmosphere https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1 Carbon Dioxide Pressure Pressure of carbon dioxide gas, which is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Carbon Dioxide Pressure Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Ta Air Temperature celsius ark:/90135/q17s7kq7/1/mrt-eml.xml Air Temperature Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of air Air Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature T00 water temperature, from primary sensor ITS-90, based on International Temperature Scale of 1990 celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6 Seawater Temperature Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water in sea Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature T00 water temperature, from primary sensor ITS-90, based on International Temperature Scale of 1990 celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1007/6 Water Temperature Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water Water Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature temperature temperature celsius doi:10.5063/AA/Jinyuntang.15.5 Peat Temperature Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of peat Peat Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature avg_grndt average ground temperature celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/68/21 Ground Temperature Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of ground Ground Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature s_temp soil temperature at 10 cm depth celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/130/13 Soil Temperature Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of soil Soil Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature meanT_1m Seasonal (June to October) mean temperature for the 1 meter stratum celsius df35d.362.10 Lake Temperature Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water in lake Lake Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#Gross_primary_production_and_net_primary_production GrossProductionPerMass rate Periphyton Gross Production per Mass milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3 Carbon in the numerator (weight or moles) and measured weight (in weight or moles) in both the numerator and denominator. For example, carbon or some other material can be in the numerator. Specifc Gross Production Flux Gross primary production (GPP) flux that relative to another mass (or other measurement of amount, eg, leaf area, plant wet weight) that primary producers create in a given length of time over a given area Specifc Gross Production Flux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity Wind speed Wind speed metersPerSecond peggym.109987.2 Wind measurements are usually reported in two parts: speed and direction. Velocity is direction-aware, so would be a combined form of these (the OBOE observation). A measurement of a wind vector would be wind velocity, and would need a new class. Wind Speed The speed of wind is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time. Wind Speed Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity XVEL velocity water velocity in x direction centimetersPerSecond https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1135/1 Water Velocity The velocity of water is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time. Water Velocity Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity E_Vel_02_5m_bin E_Vel_02.5m_bin adcp, east velocity, 02.5m up from bottom, westward values are negative meterPerSecond https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/2005/15 Seawater Velocity The velocity of sea water is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time. Seawater Velocity Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume volume_measurementType Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains. Volume Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Total_Precipitation Volume Volume of total precipitation in bucket milliliter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1067/3 Precipitation Volume Volume of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity Precipitation Volume Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 TrWidth Transect width Width of transect, typically 300m (150m on each side and in front of vessel) meter jstocking.3.4 Physical Feature Width Width of a physical abiotic entity (i.e. width of a stream) Physical Feature Width count unit Number Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass mass_measurementType mass is a property of a physical body. It is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. It also determines the strength of its mutual gravitational attraction to other bodies. In the theory of relativity a related concept is the mass–energy content of a system. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). Mass Measurement Type Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll Chlorophyll Concentration The concentration of chlorophyll, which are related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. to do: delete extra string. Chlorophyll Concentration GramPerCentimeterCubed GramPerCentimeterCubed volumetric density unit GramPerMeterCubed Depth Depth Diameter Height Length Width Circumference Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 The addition of grams in the denominator makes it a specific flux (i.e. gC/(g DW * t * m^2)) Specific Flux Flux where the units of the numerator include mass and units of the denominator include mass (or some other measurement of 'amount', eg leaf area) in addition to flux units of area and time Specific Flux Ecosystem respiration flux is the respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem over a given area, relative to some other measure of those organisms. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration Net_Respiration rate Periphyton Net carbon respiration milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3 Specific Respiration Flux Specific Respiration Flux this concept is used for "related term' to "leaf litter carbon pool' and should not have class status. Possibly re-use as skos:altLabel {MPS, 28APR15} true this concept was used as a related term for 'leaf carbon pool' and does not merit class status (although we coud leave it here as a SKOS concept if we want all potential "labels" to show up in our class hierarchy that is now a "class/concept" hierarchy due to importing SKOS-dl {MPS, 28APR15} true Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_area_index LAI Leaf Area Index Leaf area index (LAI) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area in broadleaf canopies. LAI ranges from 0 (bare ground) to over 10 (dense conifer forests). Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation photosynthetically active radiation PAR Photosynthetically active radiation, often abbreviated PAR, designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. This spectral region corresponds more or less with the range of light visible to the human eye. [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] degree Fahrenheit A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared infrared Infrared (IR) is invisible radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz) to 1 mm (300 GHz). Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean#Ocean_surface sea surface ocean surface The ocean surface meets Earth's planetary boundary layer and troposphere, a range view which varies depending on the assumed surface elevation. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805 oxygen ChEBI:C00007; WebElements:O chebi_ontology oxygen atom A chalcogen that has formula O Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet ultraviolet radiation Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm (30 PHz) to 380 nm (750 THz), shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight. Ultraviolet http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000406 snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Snow] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo.owl Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Occurrent dependent continuant specifically dependent continuant a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives generically dependent continuant A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. generically dependent continuant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entities CHEBI:23367 Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24431 atom is a chemical entity chemical entity CHEBI:24431 A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24835 inorganic compounds, inorganic entity, inorganic molecular entities, inorganics CHEBI:24835 A molecular entity that contains no carbon. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25555 Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594 carbon atom is a carbon group element atom carbon group element, carbon group elements, group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33300 group 15 elements CHEBI:33300 Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33303 chalcogen Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33560 carbon group element atom is a p-block element atom CHEBI:33560 Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33582 carbon group molecular entities, carbon group molecular entity CHEBI:33582 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36927 carbon-13 atom, carbon, isotope of mass 14 CHEBI:36927 Uses in science: used in carbon dating and as a tracer in biochemistry. carbon-14 a long-lived naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope of mass 14 (6 protons and 8 neutrons) CHEBI, wikipedia (accessed 2016-06-30) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36928 carbon-13 atom, carbon, isotope of mass 13 CHEBI:36928 Uses in science: Due to differential uptake in plants as well as marine carbonates of 13C, it is possible to use these isotopic signature in earth science. In aqueous geochemistry, by analyzing the δ13C value of surface and ground waters the source of the water can be identified. This is because atmospheric, carbonate, and plant derived δ13C values all differ with respect to Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB) standard. In biology, the ratio of carbon-13 and carbon-12 isotopes in plant tissues is different depending on the type of plant photosynthesis and this can be used, for example, to determine which types of plants were consumed by animals. carbon-13 natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing 6 protons and 7 neutrons. CHEBI, wikipedia (accessed 2016-06-30) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36931 carbon-12 atom CHEBI:36931 carbon-12 the most common natural carbon isotope, of mass 12. It is the basis for the accepted scale of atomic mass units. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50860 organic compounds, organic entity, organic molecular entities CHEBI:25700, CHEBI:33244 Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:50860 Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000015 Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00001998 Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. [database_cross_reference: Adapted from Wikipedia:Soil] Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 adapted from http://animals.about.com/od/habitat-facts/fl/aquatic-biome.htm http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/aquatic.php LTER:41 note: ENVO also references LTER:41 The aquatic biome includes the habitats around the world that are dominated by water. Three-dimensional environments classified based on characteristics such as depth, tidal flow, temperature, and proximity to landmasses, salinty of their water. environmental feature environmental material Organic matter or organic material, natural organic matter refers to the large pool of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000177 A grassland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, an unbroken layer of grasses (Gramineae), sedges (Cyperaceae) or rushes (Juncaceae). Environmental Condition environmental system water_ice, frost root matter An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root. leaf litter; litterfall; tree litter; soil litter; duff [database_cross_reference: Adapted from Wikipedia:Plant_litter] plant litter Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000635 ground Land is a planetary surface that is not covered by liquid. [database_cross_reference: Adpated from Wikipedia:Planetary_surface] land http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000786 conflagration, wildfire fire A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. [database_cross_reference: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=3212][database_cross_reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000793 wind atmospheric wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000830 rainfall, rain, rainwater water-based rainfall precipitation A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. [database_cross_reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500000 From ENVO: Should environmental feature become something more towards a disposition, the assert would be updated to something like "has participant (environmental system or (material entity and has disposition some environmental feature))". There are several issues surrounding the reconcilliation of environmental feature and environmental system, both theoretical and practical. Environmental System Process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500007 photosynthesis ecosystem-wide photosynthesis photosynthesis A process which consists of all photosynthesis processes instantiated in an ecosystem. respiration ecosystem-wide respiration A process which consists of all respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500034 vaporization, vaporisation evaporation Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. [database_cross_reference: Adapted from Wikipedia:Evaporation] Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. data item An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method that reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. information content entity An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some material entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}. measurement data item A data item that is a recording of the output of an assay. quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000033 concentration [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/concentration] quality PATO:0000033 scalar_slim; attribute_slim; relational_slim A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000125 decreased mass equivalentClass : mass and ( decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to some normal) PATOC:GVG quality PATO:0000125 relational_slim; scalar_slim; attribute_slim mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000128 decreased weight equivalentClass : weight and ( decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to some normal) database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight quality PATO:0000128 scalar_slim; attribute_slim weight A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000165 database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG quality PATO:0000165 scalar_slim; attribute_slim time A quality in which events occur in sequence. WordNet viability viability (of living things) capable of normal growth and development http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001018 relational physical quality PATO:0002079 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] quality PATO:0001018 attribute_slim A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001025 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] quality PATO:0001025 attribute_slim A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001241 quality of an object; quality of a single physical entity; quality of continuant; monadic quality of a continuant; multiply inhering quality of a physical entity ; quality of a continuant PATO:0001238; PATO:0001237 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] monadic quality of an object; monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 A quality which inheres in a continuant. Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001309 period decreased duration equivalentClass : duration and ( decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to some normal) time PATO:0000081 database_cross_reference: PATOC:mellybelly quality PATO:0001309 hpo_slim; attribute_slim Confirm: subclass process quality physial quality of a process duration A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet dead soil dead not showing characteristics of life especially the capacity to sustain life; no longer exerting force or having energy or heat Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 a decayed foundation rotted decayed WordNet damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001674 database_cross_reference: IUPAC:IUPAC quality PATO:0001674 scalar_slim; attribute_slim; relational_slim catalytic (activity) concentration A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's catalytic activity divided by the volume of the system. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001680 database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_volume quality PATO:0001680 scalar_slim; attribute_slim molar volume A volume quality inhering in a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules by virtue of the amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001681 database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass quality PATO:0001681 scalar_slim; attribute_slim molar mass A physical quality that inheres in a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001709 2-D size database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG quality PATO:0001709 attribute_slim Confirm: subclass of morphology size 2-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001710 3D size quality PATO:0001710 attribute_slim Confirm: subclass of morphology size 3-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001822 [database_cross_reference: wordreference.com:wordreference.com] quality PATO:0001822 scalar_slim; attribute_slim; mpath_slim A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid. [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] quality PATO:0001823 value_slim; mpath_slim wet A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001824 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] quality PATO:0001824 value_slim; mpath_slim A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001995 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:CJM] quality PATO:0001995 A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. ratio A ratio is a data item which is formed with two numbers r and s is written r/s, where r is the numerator and s is the denominator. The ratio of r to s is equivalent to the quotient r/s. Unit distance george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000001 unit_group_slim linear unit A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points. temperature derived unit george gkoutos UO:0000126 [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000005 unit_group_slim temperature unit A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter. kelvin cm; centimetre george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST] unit.ontology UO:0000015 unit_slim centimeter A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m. mm; micrometre george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST] unit.ontology UO:0000016 unit_slim millimeter A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m. [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST] degree Celsius A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K. george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000182 unit_group_slim mass density unit A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass. mass per unit area unit george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000054 unit_group_slim areal density unit A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a given area. force per unit area george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST] unit.ontology UO:0000109 unit_group_slim pressure unit A unit which is a standard measure of the force applied to a given area. Pa george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST] unit.ontology UO:0000110 unit_slim pascal A pressure unit which is equal to the pressure or stress on a surface caused by a force of 1 newton spread over a surface of 1 m^[2]. mass volume percentage volume percentage george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000166 unit_group_slim parts per notation unit A dimensionless concentration notation which describes the amount of one substance in another. It is the ratio of the amount of the substance of interest to the amount of that substance plus the amount of the substance. ppth; 10^[-3] [database_cross_reference: UOC:GVG] unit.ontology UO:0000168 unit_slim parts per thousand A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same. 10^[-6]; ppm george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: UOC:GVG] unit.ontology UO:0000169 unit_slim parts per million A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[6]. [ george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000182 unit_group_slim density unit A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass. george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000183 unit_group_slim linear density unit A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object. george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000186 unit_group_slim dimensionless unit A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units. % george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000187 unit_group_slim percent A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100. george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000190 unit_group_slim A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another. ratio george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia] unit.ontology UO:0000191 unit_group_slim fraction A dimensionless ratio unit which relates the part (the numerator) to the whole (the denominator). millimeters of mercury; mmHg george gkoutos [database_cross_reference: url:en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mmHg] unit.ontology UO:0000272 A unit of pressure equal to the amount of fluid pressure one millimeter deep in mercury at zero degrees centigrade on Earth. unit_slim millimetres of mercury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500010 carbon cycling WordNet how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify; the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Amount measure, quantity, total, sum AmountOfSubstanceMass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field bulk WordNet Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity AmountOfSubstanceWeight AmountOfSubstanceWeightFlux Confirm: still looking for a definition of this... WordNet the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Angle Confirm: same concept as mass flow rate? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_rate ArealMassDensityRate electrical capacity, capacity Capacitance https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Capacitance is the ability of a body to store an electrical charge. CatalyticActivity Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 contact action, catalysis Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis electric charge the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) WordNet Charge Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 a material's capacity to conduct electricity; measured as the reciprocal of electrical resistance WordNet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivity_(electrolytic) Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Conductivity of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity. Conductivity specific conductance WordNet Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Current electric current, flow a flow of electricity through a conductor CurrentDensity Current density is the electric current per unit area of cross section. It is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area at a given point in space. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose DoseEquivalent Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Equivalent dose represents the stochastic health effects (probability of cancer induction and genetic damage), of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body. Confirm: is this the appropriate definition for the concept? Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet Energy a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work free energy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force A force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Force Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. Frequency https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency frequence Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. illumination Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminance Illuminance https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductance Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 induction Inductance Inductance is the property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself[1] and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. maturation, life cycle Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminance luminosity, brightness, brightness level Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted or reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). Luminance Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 brightness, brightness level, luminance, luminousness, light Luminosity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity Luminosity is the total amount of energy emitted by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object per unit time. It is related to the brightness, which is the luminosity of an object in a given spectral region. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 MagneticFieldStrength A magnetic field is the magnetic effect of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field MagneticFlux Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux The magnetic flux through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B passing through that surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the CGS unit is the maxwell. magnetic flux density. A vector quantity measuring the strength and direction of the magnetic field around a magnet or an electric current. Magnetic flux density is equal to magnetic field strength times the magnetic permeability in the region in which the field exists. Magnetic flux density - Dictionary.com www.dictionary.com/browse/magnetic--flux--density MagneticFluxDensity photon_areal_density_rate PhotonFluxDensity Power is the rate of doing work. It is the amount of energy consumed per unit time. Having no direction, it is a scalar quantity. In the SI system, the unit of power is the joule per second (J/s), known as the watt. Another common and traditional measure is horsepower. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Power https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(physics) Radiance is the radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received by a surface, per unit solid angle per unit projected area https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiance Radiance Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 RadionucleotideActivity Confirm: term definition Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 WordNet impedance any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion Resistance material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms Resistivity WordNet Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 ohmic_resistance specific_surface_area Specific surface area is a property of solids defined as the total surface area of a material per unit of mass. SpecificArea Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_surface_area energy density https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy Specific energy is energy per unit mass. It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat or other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specific internal energy, and specific enthalpy. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 SpecificEnergy Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 SpecificVolume https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_volume The specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass. It is the reciprocal of density and an intrinsic property of matter as well. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Spectral irradiance is the irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. SpectralRadiance https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiance Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 spectral radiance is the radiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength A temperature is an objective comparative measure of hot or cold. It is measured by a thermometer, which may work through the bulk behavior of a thermometric material, detection of thermal radiation, or particle kinetic energy. Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Confirm: appropriate definition for term? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_conductivity#Transmissivity The transmissivity is a measure of how much water can be transmitted horizontally, such as to a pumping well. Transmissivity Confirm: definition of term VolumetricArea VolumetricMassDensityRate Confirm: definition of term WaveNumber Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 wave number, wavenumber https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber The wavenumber is the spatial frequency of a wave, either in cycles per unit distance or radians per unit distance. It can be envisaged as the number of waves that exist over a specified distance. Base Characteristic Qualifier CategoricalStandard Categorical Standard Characteristic Quality Characteristic Qualifier Composite Characteristic Qualifier Index Index Measurement Value Measurement Observation Observation Collection Standard Unit Conversion http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#characteristicFor characteristic for entity related http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#entityRelated has base qualifier http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasBaseQualifier http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasContext has context http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasMeasurement has measurement http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasMember has member http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasNextQualifier has next qualifier has observed relation http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasObservedRelation http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasQualifier has qualifier http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasSourceUnit has source unit http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasTargetUnit has target unit has unit http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasUnit has value http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasValue http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#measurementFor http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#ofCharacteristic ofEntity Confirm: no object property 'standardFor' found in OBOE.1.2 (usesStandard?) standardFor http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#usesProtocol http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#usesStandard Carbon Cycle Component "carbon cycle." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+cycle The parts that make up the combined processes that cycle carbon, (including photosynthesis, decomposition, and respiration) between its major reservoirs (the atmosphere, oceans, and living organisms). Carbon Cycle Component Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 DOC flux Wangersky, P.J. Dissolved organic carbon methods: a critical review. Marine Chemistry. V 41 I 1-3. pp. 61-74. 1993. The rate at which a mass of dissolved organic carbon moves to or from a particular component of an ecosystem per unit time. Dissolved organic cabon is defined as the fraction of organic matter which is neither excluded nor adsorbed by the filter used to remove particulate organic carbon, and which is not volatile enough to be lost by the acidification and purging technique used to remove inorganic carbon. Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Johnson, E.A. and Miyanishi, K. Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects. Academic Press. 2001 The mass of carbon released from burning vegetation per unit time. Fire Carbon Flux Fire Carbon Flux is a measure of carbon released into the atmosphere due to fire (MPS, 2015) Fire Carbon Flux Fire Emissions Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Net Ecosystem Exchange Carbon Flux NEE Net Ecosystem Exchange Carbon Flux NEE The magnitude of carbon sources and sinks is defined as the vertical exchange of CO2 between the surface (land or ocean) and the atmosphere. Hayes, D.J. et al. Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data. Global Change Biology. V 8, i 4. pp. 1282-1299. April 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02627.x Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Net Ecosystem Exchange Primary Production Carbon Flux http-en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production Primary Production Carbon Flux The process of carbon fixation by autotrophic carbon-fixing tissues per unit ground or water area and time. Gross primary production (GPP) is the _amount_ of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time. (GPP is sometimes confused with Gross Primary productivity, which is the _rate_ at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs.) For most purposes (including this one) the two can be the same. It's most practical to measure production over a given time interval and area (or volume), and that amounts to an areal (or volumetric) rate. primary productivity Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Primary productivity Primary production Inferred from: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 Respiration Carbon Flux Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 CO2 produced by organisms and emitted to the environment per unit ground or water area and time. Respiration Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 CO2 produced by organisms and emitted to the environment per unit ground or water area and time. Equivalent to the sum of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration. Total Respiration Respiration Carbon Flux Autotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Autotrophic Respiration Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 Autotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 The sum of respiration (CO2 production) by all living parts of primary producers per unit ground or water area and time. Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 The respiration rate of heterotrophic organisms (animals and microbes) summed per unit ground or water area and time. Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Heterotrophic Respiration Gross Primary Production Carbon Flux Primary production before the autotrophs' own respiration is subtracted. Also called photosynthetic rate, or carbon fixation rate. Gross Primary Production Gross Primary Productivity Gross primary productivity Gross Primary Production Carbon Flux primary production before the autotrphs' own respiration is subtracted. also called photosynthetic rate, or carbon fixation rate. Synonyms: GPP Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 The sum of gross carbon fixation by autotrophic carbon-fixing tissues per unit ground or water area and time. GPP Net primary productivity Net Primary Productivity Net Primary Production Carbon Flux NPP the amount of primary production available for export (ie, gross, minus losses, like the autotrophs' own respiration, or other loss (exudation) not used by the carbon-fixing organism itself) = gross primary production - autotrophic respiration synonyms: NPP Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Net Primary Production Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) per unit ground or water area and time. Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 "carbon pool." McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E. 2003. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 20 Feb. 2015 http-encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+pool Carbon Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Carbon Pools are amounts of carbon in the system. measurements of carbon pools would have dimensions of mass Carbon per area (eg, kg per m2 (can these be moles? can they just be biomass?) {contributor, citation unkknown, questions are magaret's} O'Brien, pers comm. 2015-02-20 Carbon Pool Carbon Pools are reservoirs in the system with the capacity to exchange carbon. Usually scientists are interested in the size of pools, and the movement of carbon between pools. The dimensions of a carbon pool are likely to be mass or moles Carbon per area or volume (eg, kg per m2). Carbon Pools are amounts of carbon in the system. measurements of carbon pools would have dimensions of mass Carbon per area (eg, kg per m2 A reservoir with the capacity to store and release carbon, such as soil, terrestrial vegetation, the ocean, and the atmosphere {contributed by margaret, from Name of Each Carbon Pool The mass of carbon contained within the top layer of the earth's surface in which plants can grow, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with decaying organic matter and having the capability of retaining water. Total Soil Carbon Soil Carbon Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 "soil." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/soil Plankton Carbon Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998. The mass of carbon contained in free-floating organisms of the sea and fresh water that for the most part move passively with the water currents and consist mostly of microorganisms and small plants and animals. Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998. leaves The mass of carbon contained within flattened photosynthetic structures emerging laterally from a main axis or stem and possessing true vascular tissue. Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Leaf Carbon Pool 'leaf carbon pool' and 'leaf litter carbon pool' also had associated with them the concepts 'leaves' and 'leaf decomposition' as related terms. These latter two concepts have been removed at this time as too general (leaves) or too processual (leaf decomposition as opposed to 'leaf decompositional pool'). Might consider adding these back in as skos:alLabel. Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998. The mass of carbon present in algae on the seafloor. Benthic Algae Carbon Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 The mass of carbon contained within monocotyledonous plants of the family Poaceae, having jointed stems sheathed by long, narrow leaves, flowers in spikes, and seedlike fruits. Grass Carbon Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 "grass." Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged. 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003. HarperCollins Publishers 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/grass "wood." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/wood Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 The mass of carbon contained in the tough, fibrous substance lying beneath the bark of trees and shrubs, consisting of the vascular tissue known as xylem and composed chiefly of cellulose and lignin. Wood Carbon Pool Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998. Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 leaf decomposition leaves synonyms from LTER searched terms (mob, 2015-03-24) Leaf Litter Carbon Pool The mass of carbon contained in the partly decomposed remains of plants on the surface and in the upper layers of the soil. Dissolved Organic Carbon Pool TO DO, Margaret TO DO, Margaret Annual Net Primary Productivity Flux Annual Net Primary Production Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 anpp Annual NPP ANPP Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) over one year. Annual Net Primary Productivity Annual Net Primary Productivity Flux Biomass is organic matter derived from living organisms. http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Total carbon content of the living biomass (leaves+roots+wood) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass Total Living Biomass MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Total_Living_Biomass_MOV Net_Longwave_Radiation_MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) is the energy radiating from the Earth as infrared radiation at low energy to Space. OLR is electromagnetic radiation emitted from Earth and its atmosphere out to space in the form of thermal radiation. The flux of energy transported by outgoing longwave radiation is measured in W/m². Incident longwave radiation minus simulated outgoing longwave radiation (positive into grnd) Net Longwave Radiation MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outgoing_longwave_radiation Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content Total_Soil_Wetness_MOV Total Soil Wetness MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Vertically integrated soil moisture divided by maximum allowable soil moisture above wilting point Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material. Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Near_Surface_CO2_Concentration_MOV Near Surface CO2 Concentration MOV Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. This process causes carbon dioxide to warm the surface and lower atmosphere, while cooling the upper atmosphere. Near surface dry air CO2 mole fraction (micromoles per mole) Near Surface Carbon Dioxide Concentration MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Total Respiration MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Total_Respiration_MOV Total respiration (TotalResp=AutoResp+heteroResp, always positive) Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation Absorbed fraction incoming photosyntetically active radiation http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Photosynthetically Active Radiation Absorbed_Fraction_Incoming_PAR_MOV Photosynthetically active radiation, often abbreviated PAR, designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. Absorbed Fraction Incoming PAR MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 A temperature is an objective comparative measure of hot or cold. It is measured by a thermometer, which may work through the bulk behavior of a thermometric material, detection of thermal radiation, or particle kinetic energy. Near surface air temperature Near Surface Air Temperature MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Near_Surface_Air_Temperature_MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Leaf area index is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2) in broadleaf canopies. Leaf_Area_Index_MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_area_index Area of leaves per area ground http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Leaf Area Index MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Surface pressure http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Surface_Pressure_MOV Surface Pressure MOV In atmospheric science, surface pressure is the atmospheric pressure at a location on Earth's surface. It is directly proportional to the mass of air over that location. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_pressure Average Layer Soil Moisture MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Average_Layer_Soil_Moisture_MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Soil water content in each soil layer, including liquid, vapor and ice https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material... Water content is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the materials' porosity at saturation. It can be given on a volumetric or mass (gravimetric) basis. Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Average_Layer_Soil_Temperature_MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil#Temperature Average soil temperature in each soil layer Soil temperature depends on the ratio of the energy absorbed to that lost. Soil has a temperature range between -20 to 60 °C. Soil temperature regulates seed germination, plant and root growth and the availability of nutrients. Average Layer Soil Temperature MOV Surface_Runoff_MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Runoff from the landsurface and/or subsurface stormflow Surface runoff is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the earth's surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, because rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it, or because impervious areas send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoff Surface Runoff MOV overland flow http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Soil Layer Top Depth MOV Depth from soil surface to top of soil layer Soil_Layer_Top_Depth_MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere. Near Surface Module of the Wind MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale. On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure. Near surface wind magnitude https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Near_Surface_Module_Of_The_Wind_MOV Size_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV Size of Each Carbon Pool MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Total size of each carbon pool vertically integrated over the entire soil column Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere. Depth from soil surface to layer prognostic variables; typically center of soil layer Soil Layer Node Depth MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil Soil_Layer_Node_Depth_MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Snow_Water_Equivalent_MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Total water mass of snow pack, including ice and liquid water http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Snow Water Equivalent MOV Total soil and litter carbon content vertically integrated over the enire soil column https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Total Soil Carbon MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Soil carbon includes both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter. Total_Soil_Carbon_MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Autotrophic respiration rate (always positive) Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Autotrophic Respiration MOV An autotroph or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotroph Autotrophic_Respiration_MOV Rainfall rate Rainfall_Rate_MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Rainfall Rate MOV Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then precipitated, heavy enough to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. albedo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo Longwave Albedo Albedo or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo "whiteness" (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus "white", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface. http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Longwave Albedo MOV Longwave_Albedo_MOV Gross Primary Productivity MOV MsTMIP Output: Rate of photosynthesis (always positive) Gross_Primary_Productivity_MOV Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Gross Primary productivity is the rate at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#GPP_and_NPP http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Name_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Name of each carbon pool (i.e., "wood," or "Coarse Woody Debris") Name of Each Carbon Pool MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere. Depth from soil surface to bottom of soil layer Soil_Layer_Bottom_Depth_MOV Soil Layer Bottom Depth MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Heterotrophic Respiration MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotroph http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Heterotrophic_Respiration_MOV A heterotroph is an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. Ninety-five percent or more of all types of living organisms are heterotrophic, including all animals and fungi and most bacteria and protists. Heterotrophic respiration rate (always positive) Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. Thaw Depth MOV Thaw depth; depth to zero centigrade isotherm in permafrost Active Layer Thickness MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Active_Layer_Thickness_MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Incident shortwave radiation minus simulated outgoing shortwave radiation (positive into grnd) Net_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_radiation Net Shortwave Radiation MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Shortwave radiation (SW) is radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible (VIS), near-ultraviolet (UV), and near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Total_Snow_Depth_MOV Total snow depth Snow is precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls from clouds. Since snow is composed of small ice particles, it is a granular material. Total Snow Depth MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfire Fire_Emissions_MOV A wildfire or wildland fire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside (i.e., not in an urban area). Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Fire Emissions MOV Flux of carbon due to fires (always positive) Surface incident longwave radiation Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Surface Incident Longwave Radiation MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Surface_Incident_Longwave_Radiation_MOV Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed. Total above ground wood biomass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Above_Ground_Woody_Biomass_MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Above Ground Woody Biomass MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_flow#Runoff Subsurface Runoff MOV Water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower. This flow can be either surface runoff in rivers and streams, or subsurface runoff infiltrating rocks and soil. The amount of runoff reaching surface and groundwater can vary significantly, depending on rainfall, soil moisture, permeability, groundwater storage, evaporation, upstream use, and whether or not the ground is frozen. The movement of subsurface water is determined largely by the water gradient, type of substrate, and any barriers to flow. http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Subsurface_Runoff_MOV Gravity soil water drainage and/or soil water lateral flow Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensible_heat Sensible heat is heat exchanged by a body or thermodynamic system that changes the temperature, and some macroscopic variables of the body, but leaves unchanged certain other macroscopic variables, such as volume or pressure. Sensible_Heat_MOV Sensible Heat MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Sensible heat flux into the boundary layer (positive into atmosphere) Net_Ecosystem_Exchange_MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration Net Ecosystem Exchange MOV Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE=HeteroResp+AutoResp-GPP, positive into atmosphere) http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 albedo Shortwave albedo Shortwave Albedo MOV Shortwave_Albedo_MOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo Albedo or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo "whiteness" (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus "white", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface. http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 Surface_Incident_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV Surface Incident Shortwave Radiation MOV Surface incident shortwave radiation http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Total_Evaporation_MOV Total Evaporation MOV Sum of all evaporation sources (positive into atmosphere) Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Latent Heat MOV http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25 Latent heat flux into the boundary layer (positive into atmosphere) Latent_Heat_MOV Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat Latent heat is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process that is specified in some way. An example is latent heat of fusion for a phase change, melting, at a specified temperature and pressure. Field Method Field Method strawman definition from margaret: a Field_Method is a method for determining a component of primary production that involves observations or measurements of the real world. A field method may have steps which could be considered 'modeling' (such as development of an allometric model of tree growth based on height), but measurements "in the field" (eg, of trees) are always involved. compare to Modeled_Method. Modeled Method Modeled Method strawman definition from Margaret a Modeled_Method (is Simulated_Method better?) uses only data obtained from some source. It does not directly measure any real phenomenon. Peak Biomass Harvest Method Fahey and Knapp, 2007, p33 The "Peak Standing Biomass Harvest" method is recommended for grasslands that meet the following criteria: 1) there is little carryover of living biomass from previous years due to distinct dormant season or fire during the dormant season or the previous year's biomass can be easily recognized and separated from the current year's biomass (living and dead) 2) the growing season is sufficiently short or plant material is of such low quality that decomposition of biomass produced can be ignored 3) consumption of plants by herbivores is minimal (i.e., large grazers are absent and small vertebrates and invertebrates can be ignored). Peak_Biomass_Harvest_Method is an estimate of above ground NPP based on the above ground biomass harvested once, usually near the end of the growing season, at or just after the time of peak biomass Fahey and Knapp, 2007, p33 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_covariance flux tower add these synonyms (near? exact?): also known as eddy correlation and eddy flux gas flux The eddy covariance method is an atmospheric measurement technique to measure and calculate vertical turbulent fluxes within atmospheric boundary layers, and analyzes high-frequency wind and scalar atmospheric data series, to yield exchange rates (fluxes) of trace gasses. It is frequently used to estimate momentum, heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes. The technique is mathematically complex, and requires significant care in setting up and processing data. To date, there is no uniform terminology or a single methodology for the Eddy Covariance technique. The technique has additionally proven applicable under water to the benthic zone for measuring oxygen fluxes between seafloor and overlying water.[6] In these environments, the technique is generally known as the eddy correlation technique, or just eddy correlation. For CO2.... tbd Eddy Covariance Method http-en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_covariance Oxygen Evolution LightDark Method The stoichiometry of phtotsynthesis is well known. So you can measure O2 evolution, and back calculate to CO2 use. usually, there is a "iight bottle" and "dark bottle". O2 evolution in the Light bottle is the net result, or sum, of all processes (GPP, Autotrophic resp, and probably some heterotrophic respiration too, because heterotrophs are hard to exclude). So Light bottle = NPP. Dark bottle is respiration, probably total, eg, autotrophs + heterotrophs. So light + dark = GPP (or about as close as you can get with a field measurement, and assume that heterotrophs aren't respiring much.) bottle method Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 O'Brien, pers comm, 2014-10-15 an allometric method is usually accomplished with a combination of measurements that are tailored to the organism, e.g, size, growth rate, carbon content, plus some loss terms. SBC's dataset 21 has a good example of an allometric method for kelp. A method determining the relationship between a physical or physiological property of an organism relative to the size of the organism. Allometric Method Begon, M., Harper, J.L., Townsend, C.R. Ecology: Individuals, Populations, and Communities. Third Edition. Blackwell Science. 1996. LIDAR Available from: https-www.researchgate.net/publication/233137060_Use_of_ground_and_LiDAR_data_to_model_the_NPP_of_a_Mediterranean_pine_forest [accessed Mar 25, 2015]. LIDAR Method A LIDAR_Method for NPP is a methodology to predict the net primary production (NPP) from ground and LiDAR data mob, 2015-03-25 MsTMIP_Simulation Huntzinger, D. N., Schwalm, C., Michalak, A. M., Schaefer, K., King, A. W., Wei, Y., … Zhu, Q. (2013). The North American Carbon Program Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project -Part 1: Overview and experimental design Supplementary Material. Geoscientific Model Development, 6, 2121–2133. adapted from wikipedia, Simulation Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. (wikipedia). A MsTMIP Simulation is a simulation carried out by the MsTMIP project (margaret) terrestrial biospheric models vary in complexity and the way in which they simulate canopy conductance (energy and water fluxes), simulate photosynthesis and respiration (carbon fluxes), allocate carbon between soil and above and belowground biomass (carbon pools), and model vegetation dynamics and disturbances; MsTMIP models formulate and parameterize energy, carbon, vegetation, and nitrogen process dynamics The process by which carbon dioxide in the atmosphere moves across a phase boundary e.g., into the ocean, which is a major sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Dissolved carbon dioxide subsequently reacts to form carbonic acid, bicarbonate ions, and carbonate ions, leading to ocean acidification. Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Flux Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Flux gas flux CO2 Diffusion Flux Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 The pool of carbon oxoanions resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. Bicarbonate Pool http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17544 A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183 Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Methane Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Gas phase carbon dioxide molecules in the air surrounding Earth. A principle contributor to climate change and the main source of carbon used by photoautotrophs to store energy during primary production. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Pool Carbon dioxide that has passed from the gas phase into the dissolved phase, with the the ocean begin the largest component of this pool. This process contributes to acidification by forming carbonic acid with water molecules. Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Pool Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 CO2 Enrichment Method Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 A method of artificially raising the atmospheric CO2 concentration in field plots in order to study effects on the ecosystem. Aboveground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Aboveground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Aboveground NPP Carbon Flux Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Gross primary productivity (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) in plant segments other than the roots, e.g. leaves and shoots. Functional levels defined here: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html maybe others. Margaret O'Brien This class and all subclasses should be incorporated into ENVO. Functional Level Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 This class should be incorporated into ENVO. Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystems are dynamic entities composed of the biological community and the abiotic environment. WordNet http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html Ecological system a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 This class should be incorporated into ENVO. In ecology, a community is an assemblage of two or more populations of different species occupying the same geographical area. (wikipedia) An ecological unit composed of a group of organisms or a population of different species occupying a particular area, usually interacting with each other and their environment. (biology-online.org) http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.0/oboe-ecology.owl#EcologicalCommunity Community Population Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html A population comprises all the individuals of a given species in a specific area or region at a certain time. Population WordNet This class should be incorporated into ENVO. a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area It seems like this class could be related to ENVO's anatomical entity, as in "Organism has part 'anatomical entity" ' Animals, plants, fungi; Flora, fauna Organism Organism Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Living creatures An organism is a single individual. This class should be incorporated into ENVO. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Species Species This class should be incorporated into ENVO. A group of interbreeding organisms that do not ordinarily breed with members of other groups. Liquid State Liquid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid Liquid Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. liquified Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 has state Describes the physical state of a substance Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 has location Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Defines where a class exists or takes place Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Dissolution Carbon Flux Dissolution Carbon Flux Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 The rate at which carbon dissolves, moving from one pool to another. CO2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide CHEBI:48829, CHEBI:3283, CHEBI:13282, CHEBI:13283, CHEBI:13285, CHEBI:13284, CHEBI:23011 Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 carbonic anhydride, CO2 Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide exists in Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas at a concentration of about 0.04 percent (400 ppm) by volume. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. Because carbon dioxide is soluble in water, it occurs naturally in groundwater, rivers and lakes, in ice caps and glaciers and also in seawater. It is present in deposits of petroleum and natural gas. A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by organisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food, and taken up during photosynthesis (adapted from ChEBI). CHEBI:16183 Methane WordNet Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 a colorless odorless gas used as a fuel CH4 Methane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183 A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. −161°C). Carbon oxoanions that have formula CO3. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41609 In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3. The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group. CO3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate CHEBI:41609 carbonate ion Carbonate Carbonate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate Carbon oxoanions resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. Bicarbonate ion Acid carbonate, Bicarbonate, hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonate CHEBI:22863, CHEBI:40961, CHEBI:5589, CHEBI:13363 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Bicarbonate CHEBI:17544 HCO3- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17544 Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO−3. Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646 saccharide Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Carbohydrate CHEBI:16646 Plant sugar Carbohydrate Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried. WordNet http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Scientific+experiment Scientific experiment Experimental group Experiment the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation Experiment the rate of transfer of a substance or energy across a given surface In transport phenomena (heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid dynamics), flux is defined as the rate of flow of a property per unit area, which has the dimensions [quantity]·[time]−1·[area]−1.[Bird et al, 1960] The area is of the surface the property is flowing "through" or "across". For example, the magnitude of a river's current, i.e. the amount of water that flows through a cross-section of the river each second, or the amount of sunlight that lands on a patch of ground each second, are kinds of flux. Flow Measurement Type The study of transport phenomena concerns the exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems. Fundamental analyses in all three subfields are often grounded in the simple principle that the sum total of the quantities being studied must be conserved by the system and its environment. Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena Flux Measurement Type https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux, Bird, R. Byron; Stewart, Warren E.; Lightfoot, Edwin N. (1960). Transport Phenomena. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-07392-X. flux_MeasurementType Chl-a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll_a Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Chlorophyll-a Concentration Freshwater Carbon Dioxide Concentration Concentration of carbon dioxide in fresh water, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms CO2_CO2calc_output CO2, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentraiton of CO2,; micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide Freshwater CO2 Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Freshwater Carbon Dioxide Concentration Amount concentration mob: this probably should be in OBOE, and is a synomym of AmountOfSubstanceConcentration. Molarity Amount of substance concentration molar concentration Molar concentration Molar concentration, also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration, is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, or of any chemical species, in terms of amount of substance in a given volume. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration group grouping A number of entities taken together as a unit because members share a common characteristic or relation group http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Group Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Concentration of carbon dioxide, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms CO2 Concentration CO2 Concentration Carbon Dioxide Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide EquivalentTo: concentration and measurementFor only Observation and ofEntity only CO2 Gross primary productivity (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) in a GRASSLAND of plant segments other than the roots, e.g. leaves and shoots. Often abbreviated to ANPP, and in grasslands, measured by peak biomass. anpp Grassland Above Ground NPP Carbon Flux Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Adapted from ECSO_00000021 (Net Primary Production Carbon FLux) and ECSO_00000301 (Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux) Grassland Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Grassland Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux The process of carbon fixation by autotrophic phytoplankton per unit area or volume and time. May occur in aquatic environments of all types. phytoplankton primary productivity Phytoplankton Primary Production Carbon Flux Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Gross primary production (GPP) is the _amount_ of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time. (GPP is sometimes confused with Gross Primary productivity, which is the _rate_ at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs.) For most purposes (including this one) the two can be the same. It's most practical to measure production over a given time interval and area (or volume), and that amounts to an areal (or volumetric) rate. Phytoplankton Primary Production Carbon Flux Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production From Moigis and Gocke, 2003, 10.1093/plankt/fbg089 The primary production of phytoplankton has been estimated for decades by the 14C (Steemann-Nielsen, 1952) and O2 (Gaarder and Gran, 1927) methods. Oceanic Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon DIC_Meas Dissolved inorganic carbon concentration, measured microMolesPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/22/20 DIC Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 This might be a subclass of CO2 concentration (rather than it's sibling). Margaret needs to talk to her local CO2 system experts. generally, CO2 that enters the ocean dissociates into bicarbonate, carbonate, (and some stays as CO2). but not sure what people in that domain call the total. (or if this is actually what they would search for! will confirm that, too, this week. The total inorganic carbon or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution in sea water. The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate.[1] It is customary to express carbon dioxide and carbonic acid simultaneously as CO2* . CT is a key parameter when making measurements related to the pH of natural aqueous systems,[2] and carbon dioxide flux estimates. Oceanic Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration CO2 Flux Carbon Dioxide Flux Carbon Dioxide Flux Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 The rate at which a Carbon Dioxide (CO2) moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit time. ECSO_00000011 (Carbon Flux), adapted for CO2 CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion, micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 HCO3 concentration Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate Bicarbonate Concentration Concentration of bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Bicarbonate Concentration total inorganic carbon, CT, dissolved inorganic carbon tic total inorganic carbon total inorganic carbon milligramPerLiter ben.1.1 Class to hold measurements for concentration for any form of inorganic C.. three main ones, carbonate, bicarbonate and co2 (also carbonic acid, but they might add that into the co2) generally, CO2 that enters water dissociates into bicarbonate, carbonate, (and some stays as CO2). but not sure what people in that domain call the total. The class for 'Oceanic ...' should be a subclass of this one. Right now, we have separate classes for 'total', as in the sum of all forms - this is a different concept than "any" form. also note: parent is incomplete; there are probably 8 leafs, only 6 at the moment. Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration TIC Determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon in water, expressed as moles of carbon per kilogram of water; this method is suitable for the assay of aquatic levels of total dissolved inorganic carbon (1800-2300 micromol/kg) http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/cdiac74/sop02.pdf Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration, all forms Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Marine Macroalgae NPP Carbon Flux Marine Macroalgae Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Marine Macroalgae Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) by marine macroalgae. Usually expressed per unit area (substrate or water surface) and time. Marine macroalgae occur in oceanic or estuarine environments. adapted from ECSO_00000021 (Net Primary Production Carbon FLux) Oceanic CO2 Flux Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Flux Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Flux This class probably could be a child of "carbon dioxide diffusion flux", especially since definition of the parent is based on the ocean. But contributor is not confident saying that it always is diffusion. Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 ECSO_00000200, Areal Carbon Flux, adapted for the ocean. A flux of carbon across the surface of the ocean, per unit area. Tree Circumference http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf Tree Girth Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Distance around the tree, often a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height). Tree Circumference Tree Diameter at Breast Height basal diameter Tree Diameter at Breast Height Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 DBH http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf Diameter at Breast Height Domain protocol for measuring the diameter of a tree. Measured at a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height). May be measured as circumference, then divided by pi. ash_free_dry_weight AFDW Ash-free dry weight is used as an index for percent organic carbon in the quantified substrate. Fluorescence light emitted during absorption of radiation of some other (invisible) wavelength Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Fluorescence Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence Biofluorescence WordNet Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms; there are four naturally occurring forms chlorophyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28966 Chlorophyll is a term used for several closely related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words chloros ("green") and phyllon ("leaf"). Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to absorb energy from light. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, followed by the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum which it reflects, hence the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll chlorophyll WordNet Chlorophyll not imported with ENVO import of chemical entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 phaeophytin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8108 Pheophytin Pheophytin or phaeophytin (abbreviated Pheo) is a chemical compound that serves as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of photosystem II (PS II) in plants, and the photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria. In both PS II and RC P870, light drives electrons from the reaction center through pheophytin, which then passes the electrons to a quinone (QA) in RC P870 and RC P680. The overall mechanisms, roles, and purposes of the pheophytin molecules in the two transport chains are analogous to each other. pheophytin Carbonate Concentration Carbonate Concentration Concentration of carbonate, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO3 2- (one carbon atom, three oxygen atoms negative 2 charge) Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 HCO3_CO2calc_output HCO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of bicarbonate ion micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1 CO3 concentration Concentration of carbonate, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3 freshwater CO3 concentration Freshwater Carbonate Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Freshwater Carbonate Concentration Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves Algae any of numerous groups of chlorophyll-containing, mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms ranging from microscopic single-celled forms to multicellular forms 100 feet (30 meters) or more long, distinguished from plants by the absence of true roots, stems, and leaves and by a lack of nonreproductive cells in the reproductive structures: classified into the six phyla Euglenophyta, Crysophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/algae Algae WordNet Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Alga Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) within aquatic systems DOC Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Aquatic Dissolved Organic Carbon Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolved_organic_carbon Aquatic Dissolved Organic Carbon Aquatic Particulate Organic Carbon Suspended Organic Carbon Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Measurement Aquatic Particulate Organic Carbon POC Concentration of carbon in particulate form that is too large to pass through a filter in aquatic environments mass transport, mass transfer Mass Flux Carbon Flux The rate at which a mass or amount of carbon moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit time. Chase LeCroy, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Carbon fluxes are the movement of Carbon from one place (Source) to another (Sink). Carbon fluxes all have dimensions of {mass or amount of} Carbon per area (or volume) per time. Biochemically-oriented projects use moles (e.g., for Stoichiometry) rather than kg to quantify the amount of Carbon, whereas Climate-oriented projects use kg. When a system contains two or more components whose concentration vary from point to point, there is a natural tendency for mass to be transferred, minimizing any concentration difference within the system. Mass Transfer in a system is governed by Fick's First Law: 'Diffusion flux from higher concentration to lower concentration is proportional to the gradient of the concentration of the substance and the diffusivity of the substance in the medium.' Carbon Flux https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Mass_transfer Litton, C.M. et al. Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems. Global Change Biology. V 13 I 10. pp. 2089 - 2109. July 2007. Flux Radiative Flux Energy Flux All processes in engineering involve the transfer of energy. Some examples are the heating and cooling of process streams, phase changes, distillations, etc. The basic principle is the first law of thermodynamics. The net flux of energy through a system equals the conductivity times the rate of change of temperature with respect to position. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 energy transport, energy transfer, radiative flux, radiative flux density, radiation flux, irradiance, radiant exitance, radiant emittance, energy transfer Radiative flux Radiative flux is the amount of power radiated through a given area in the form of photons or other elementary particles, typically measured in W/m2. Radiative flux also acts as a generalization of heat flux, which is equal to the radiative flux when restricted to the infrared spectrum. When radiative flux is incident on a surface, it is often called irradiance. Flux emitted from a surface may be called radiant exitance or radiant emittance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Energy_transfer Belowground Standing Biomass Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Standing_crop Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Belowground Biomass Belowground Biomass agb "agb" is the standing above ground biomass of each measured stem, given by the formula: AGB = 0.0673 x (ρD²H) 0.976 kilogram www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/tucker.17.15/html The total amount or weight, or energy content, of (a portion of) organisms existing in a specific area at a particular time below a ground surface. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Biomass Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed. biomass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass biomatter WordNet plant materials and animal waste used as fuel aboveground biomass NH4 concentration Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 Ammonium (NH4) is the form of ammonia (NH3) typically found in water (aquatic environments, soil porewater). It is a postively charged cation. Ammonium is a source of nitrogen for plants, algae and phytoplankton. Ammonium Concentration Ammonium Concentration Adapted from http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/nutrient-management/nitrogen/understanding-nitrogen-in-soils/ MIN_N Concentration ammoniom after incubaton at 40 deg C for 7 days (dry weight basis) dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7 NH4, ammonium, concentration of ammonium https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/10/21 TOC Aquatic Total Organic Carbon Concentration Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Measurement Concentration of material derived from decaying vegetation, bacterial growth, and metabolic activities of living organisms or chemicals Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 toc total organic carbon total organic carbon milligramPerLiter urn:node:GLEON Aquatic Total Organic Carbon Concentration WordNet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration Concentration Diluting Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Concentration the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume Mole ratio Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon Freshwater Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration DIC The total inorganic carbon or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution in freshwater. The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate.[1] It is customary to express carbon dioxide and carbonic acid simultaneously as CO2* . CT is a key parameter when making measurements related to the pH of natural aqueous systems,[2] and carbon dioxide flux estimates. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 dic dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved inorganic carbon milligramPerLiter urn:node:GLEON Freshwater Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration DOC concentration DOC Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration doc dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic carbon milligramPerLiter s_DOC surface stream organic carbon milligramsPerLiter w_DOC shallow riparian groundwater organic urn:node:GLEON Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolved_organic_carbon Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) , which is a broad classification for organic molecules of varied origin and composition within aquatic systems. The "dissolved" fraction of organic carbon is an operational classification. Many researchers use the term "dissolved" for compounds below 0.45 micrometers, but 0.22 micrometers is also common, saving colloidal for higher concentrations. A practical definition of dissolved typically used in marine chemistry is all substances that pass through a GF/F filter. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 marine carbonate concentration Concentration of carbonate in sea water, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3 Oceanic Carbonate Concentration marine CO3 concentration seawater CO3 concentration Oceanic Carbonate Concentration HCO3_CO2calc_output HCO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of bicarbonate ion micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER seawater carbonate concentration Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate TOC POC [umol/l] particulate organic carbon concentration of POC from CHN analysis micromolePerLiter s_extOC surface soil extractable organic Carbon in mg per kg dry urn:node:LTER Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) is the concentration of amount of carbon found in an organic compound Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon Organic Carbon Concentration, in Water Organic Carbon Concentration in Water Oceanic CO2 Concentration Concentration of carbon dioxide in sea water, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Concentration Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Concentration Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 CO2_CO2calc_output CO2, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentraiton of CO2,; micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER Aboveground Biomass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Aboveground Standing Biomass The total amount or weight, or energy content, of (a portion of) organisms existing in a specific area at a particular time. In plants, the standing crop pertains to the amount of plant material harvested by normal procedures, and may not necessarily include the entire plant. Aboveground Biomass standing biomass agb "agb" is the standing above ground biomass of each measured stem, given by the formula: AGB = 0.0673 x (ρD²H) 0.976 kilogram www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/tucker.17.15/html http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Standing_crop Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 C to N Ratio C_to_N Ratio of Carbon to Nitrogen dimensionless urn:node:LTER https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio Carbon-nitrogen ratio Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in a substance. It can, amongst other things, be used in analysing sediments and compost. A useful application for C/N ratios is as a proxy for paleoclimate research, having different uses whether the sediment cores are terrestrial-based or marine-based. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios are an indicator for nitrogen limitation of plants and other organisms and can identify whether molecules found in the sediment under study come from land-based or algal plants. Further, they can distinguish between different land-based plants, depending on the type of photosynthesis they undergo. Wet Weight Biomass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 The biomass is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it. Adapted from http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm biomass Biomass Wet weight (kg) of kelp canopy in the pixel (900 meter squared) kilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/54/6 Wet Weight Biomass Fresh Weight Carbon SI Ratio Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 An isotopic signature is a ratio of non-radiogenic 'stable isotopes', stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes of particular elements in an investigated material. The ratios of isotopes in a sample material are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The atomic mass of different isotopes affect their chemical kinetic behavior, leading to natural isotope separation processes. For example, different sources and sinks of methane have different affinity for the 12C and 13C isotopes, which allows distinguishing between different sources by the 13C/12C ratio in methane in the air. Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio carbonStableIsotopeRatio Carbon SI ratio Carbon stable isotope ratio of the bulk sample in standard delta units relative to VPDB to the nearest 0.1 Ratio urn:node:GOA Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_signature#Carbon_isotopes Carbon Isotope Ratio Carbon Weight Carbon Biomass Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Carbon Biomass wtC Carbon Weight Weight of carbon in sample dimensionless df35b.161.4 Amount of carbon present in biomass Total soil N Total soil nitrogen (mg/kg) Total soil nitrogen (mg/kg) milligramsPerKilogram urn:node:LTER Total Soil Nitrogen Concentration total amount of nitrogen (usually mass) per volume of soil Total Soil Nitrogen Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Sampling Site Area Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Area http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Sample https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrat Sampling Site Area fert_area measurement area of the experimental unit : m² for fertilization manipulation squareMeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.347.3 a selected subset of a population over the extent of a surface; a sample may be random or nonrandom; representative or nonrepresentative quadrat DryWeight dry weight X Dry Weight gram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1115/1 http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass Dry Weight Biomass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Dry Weight Biomass Dry Weight The weight of dry biomass matter when completely dried (lacks or excluding water). Leaf area index (LAI) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2) in broadleaf canopies. LAI Leaf Area Index Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_area_index LAI Leaf Area Index number www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.377.4/html Leaf Area Index An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, physical [countable] object (or class thereof), or physical [noncountable] substance (or class thereof). The abbreviation ID often refers to identity, identification (the process of identifying), or an identifier (that is, an instance of identification). An identifier may be a word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination of those. Identity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifier Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Identity Identifier ID pH_tot_insitu in situ pH, Total scale seaFET pH, Total scale (CO2calc input) dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/6004/1 ph pH Water pH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH Water pH Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 pH of water is based on a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. More precisely it is the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the activity of the hydrogen ion. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Pure water is neutral, being neither an acid nor a base. Contrary to popular belief, the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_density number density Number density is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects in a given physical space. Count Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 LeafNum density Number of Thalassia testudinum Leaves Per Short Shoot leafnumberPerShortShoot https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1130/2 Count Density Confirm: if OBOE class ArealDensity is for physical (material) measuements, then we need a different characteristics for this class, eg, analogous to biomass_density. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor, is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Unlike other forms of water, water vapor is invisible. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation. It is lighter than air and triggers convection currents that can lead to clouds. humidity Relative Humidity Air Moisture Percentage Air Humidity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor Air Moisture Percentage Humidity in % Humidity in % dimensionless peggym.109987.2 Water Salinity Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity Salinity salinity Composite salinity PSU (practical salinity unit) doi:10.6073/AA/knb-lter-fce.39.5 Water Salinity Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water (see also soil salinity). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. salinity Salinity Soil Wet Weight Soil Wet Weight Soil is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it. Adapted from http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm Soil Wet Mass Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 1 Difference/Dry weight proportion of water in soil sample dimensionless judithk.1264.2 Woody N Pool Woody N Pool Woody N Pool gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/344/16 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) Nitrogen Pool Biomass Density Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Mass of nitrogen in biomass per unit area at a given time. Nitrogen Biomass Density Nitrogen Biomass Density Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biomass The total mass per area of all carbon in living material in a specific area, habitat, or region. Carbon Pool Biomass Density Woody C Pool Woody C Pool Woody C Pool gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/344/16 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Carbon Biomass Density Carbon Biomass Density Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time duration Interval of time representing duration of observation Time Step time interval Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Time Step Air Pressure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet). In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. Pa Air Pressure pascal ark:/90135/q17s7kq7/1/mrt-eml.xml Air Pressure Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Atmospheric Pressure Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting count N_OBSERVED number of observations actually observed in a sample number https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/3114/2 Counting entities within a sample is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of entities constrained within a sample. Sample Count Sample Count abundance Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Entity Count Entity Count Average number of live pupae per mature tree based on average number of pupae per square meter (surface area excavated) and assuming that pupae are found around each mopane tree to a radius of 1.25m (calculation made on sheet 3: Hole specs and density calcs). dimensionless judithk.1287.1 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting Counting entities is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of entities. count Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_closure CC (%) Percentage crown cover Percentage www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.635.9/html Crown Cover Crown Cover Percentage Crown cover is the proportion of a stand covered by the crowns of live trees. Crown Cover Percentage Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea Depth in a sea, which is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. Bot_ Depth [m] Bot. Depth [m] depth to the bottom at this station, column required by ODV meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Sea Depth Seawater Depth Seawater Depth Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Active_Layer (cm) Active_Layer (cm) Active layer depth for the day of the measurement (in cm) centimeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/190/20 In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. In all climates, whether they contain permafrost or not, the temperature in the lower levels of the soil will remain more stable than that at the surface, where the influence of the ambient temperature is greatest. Active Layer Thickness Soil Active Layer Depth Soil Active Layer Depth Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer Tree Crown Diameter Diameter of the crown of a tree, which consists of the mass of foliage and branches growing outward from the trunk of the tree. The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown, taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown. Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_crown_measurement Tree Crown Diameter ActualCrown Actual crown diameter centimeter judithk.1060.2 Crown Diameter Tree Canopy Diameter Diameter of the canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns Tree Canopy Diameter Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology) Canopy_diam1 First diagonal of the canopy diameter meter judithk.1000.13 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Canopy Diameter Tag Tag Number Tag Number Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 A tag number provides an alphanumeric string of characters to refer to an entity. A TagNumber is typically used to uniquely identify an entity such as a sample or an individual specimen such as a tree or a rock sample. Adapted from OBOE definition of tag number Occurrence Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 binary indication of an instance of something occurring (i.e. presence - yes, no) Occurrence WordNet occurrent Tree Canopy Height Height of the canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology) Canopy Height Canopy cover The furthest distance of the canopy reach from the base of the tree (m). meter judithk.1256.3 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Tree Canopy Height Adapted from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+mass Soil Dry Weight Soil Dry Mass Weight1dry weight of soil sample after drying in an oven for 24 hours. dimensionless judithk.1264.2 Soil Dry Weight Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Weight of soil dried at 105 °C until no further water loss takes place Oxygen Concentration Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Oxygen Concentration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen Dissolved Oxygen Concentration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen O2 concentration Concentration of oxygen, which is a chemical element that is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as other compounds Free oxygen also occurs in solution in the world's water bodies. The increased solubility of O2 at lower temperatures has important implications for ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density of life due to their higher oxygen content. Water polluted with plant nutrients such as nitrates or phosphates may stimulate growth of algae by a process called eutrophication and the decay of these organisms and other biomaterials may reduce the O2 content in eutrophic water bodies. Scientists assess this aspect of water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand, or the amount of O2 needed to restore it to a normal concentration. Phaeophytin Concentration Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin Pheophytin Concentration Concentration of pheophytin, which is chemical compound that serves as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of photosystem II (PS II) in plants, and the photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 Pheophytin Concentration Structurally, phaeophytin is a chlorophyll molecule without the central magnesium ion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin Pheo Concentration definition_Contributor O'Brien, pers comm. 2015-02-15 Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322, Shild "contributor" is an OWL "Annotation property" that names the person contributing the content, so s/he can be contacted, especially during development. Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 The "contributor" Annotation Property" is to record the name of the those contributing to the resource. If there is any potential ambiguity, an identifier should be added, including the system to which it belongs. definition_Source "definitionSource" is the Annotation property that can be used to provide the reference source or Authority for the "definition" (of interest), as an ISBN,DOI, bibliographic citation, etc. to the source of the "definition" contained in an associated "definition" Annotation property that is attached (annotated) to the concept. Ideally a definition Source is structured in a well-known and accepted format, that provides an unambiguous pointer to a source reference, but often even some accurate indication of a reference source is better than nothing at all. Schildhauer, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 Schildhauer, pers comm, 05Feb2015, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 description "description" is an OWL "Annotation property" that contains a a more verbose, less prescriptive natural language explication of the concept to which it is attached (or applied, or annotated) in contrast to a "definition" Annotation property. Use the "definition" Annotation property for scientific concepts when possible, as opposed to the "description" Annotation property Schildhauer, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 Schildhauer, pers comm, 05Feb2014, orcid.org/0000-000300632-7576 "description_Source" is the Annotation property that can be used to provide the reference source or Authority, as an ISBN,DOI, bibliographic citation, etc. to the source of the "description" contained in an associated "description" Annotation property that is attached (annotated) to some concept. Ideally a descriptionSource is structured in a well-known and accepted format, that provides an unambiguous pointer to a source reference, but often even some accurate indication of a reference source is better than nothing at all. As description Annotation properties are often not as rigorous, and hence looser and more verbose than definition Annotation properties, these fields may be more readily used for informal pedagogical advice and direction rather than being proscriptive description_Source Schildhauer, pers comm, 05Feb2015, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 Schildhauer, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 has_Related_Synonym has_Exact_Synonym mobb ad hoc has_Exact_Synonym is an OWL annotation property that holds an alternate name or lexical variant of an owl class. The DataONE carbon flux ontology uses synonyms for terms that may not be well defined. But we know that they are used, and refer to an owl class. I.e., a concept can have a synonym, but a concept should not be a synonym. Margaret O'Brien, 2015-03-18 We are not planning to use has_Broad_Synonym or has_Narrow_Synonym at this time. although other ontologies do. the concepts of "broad" and "narrow" imply relationships that could be better described with the class hierarchy. Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 O'Brien, pers comm, 2015-02-19 O'Brien, pers comm, 2015-02-19 "example_Of_Usage" is an OWL annotation property to record examples of how the concept or property should be used. "example_Of_Usage" is for providing examples. It should contain actual sample strings for the resource it applies to. longer, text descriptions of good practice for the resource belong in the "description" annotation. example_Of_Usage The DataONE carbon flux ontology uses synonyms for terms that may not be well defined. But we know that they are used, and refer to an owl class. I.e., a concept can have a synonym, but a concept should not be a synonym. has_Exact_Synonym ad hoc! mobb Margaret O'Brien, 2015-03-18 has_Related_Synonym is an owl annotation property to hold a term that is not an owl class, but is a primary term found in the literature but is not necessarily correct. has_Related_Synonym Continuant independent continuant material entity material anatomical entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 Lipid CHEBI:18059 CHEBI:25054, CHEBI:14517, CHEBI:6486 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. An anion is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22563 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion#Anions_and_cations anions A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. CHEBI:22563 CHEBI:22629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22629 arsenate, arsenate anions, arsenate ions CHEBI:22718 benzoate anion A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any benzoic acid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24675 hydroxybenzoates Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:24675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24834 CHEBI:24834 inorganic anions An ion is an atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge. Ions can be created, by either chemical or physical means, via ionization. CHEBI:24870 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion ions A molecular entity having a net electric charge. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25388 CHEBI:25388 monohydroxybenzoates A hydroxybenzoate carrying a single hydroxy substituent at unspecified position. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25696 organic anions CHEBI:25696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25699 organic ions CHEBI:25699 CHEBI:26178 polyester, polyesters A macromolecule composed of units connected by carboxylic ester (-O-CO-) linkages. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26178 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26490 A cyclitol carboxylic acid anion that is conjugate base of quinic acid. CHEBI:26490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27563 CHEBI:27563 CHEBI:2845, CHEBI:22630 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid. CHEBI:29067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29067 a carboxylate, carboxylic acid anions, carboxylic anions The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. CHEBI:13626, CHEBI:13945, CHEBI:23026, CHEBI:58657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29125 CHEBI:29125 An arsenate ion resulting from the removal of three protons from arsenic acid. Arsenate, ARSENATE, Arsenate ion, AsO43− CHEBI:15061, CHEBI:26595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30762 CHEBI:30762 2-hydroxybenzoic acid ion(1−), o-hydroxybenzoate, sal, salicylate A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:33250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250 p-block element atom is an atom element, elements CHEBI:22671, CHEBI:23907 polyatomic anions An anion consisting of more than one atom. CHEBI:33273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33273 CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entities, organoelement compounds A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33285 CHEBI:33318 An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33318 p-block element atom is a main group element atom main group element CHEBI:33459 pnictogen oxoanion, pnictogen oxoanions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33459 A metal is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are generally malleable — that is, they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking — as well as fusible (able to be fused or melted) and ductile (able to be drawn out into a thin wire). About 91 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals, the others are nonmetals or metalloids. Some elements appear in both metallic and non-metallic forms. Astrophysicists use the term "metal" to collectively describe all elements other than hydrogen and helium. In that sense, the metallicity of an object is the proportion of its matter made up of chemical elements other than hydrogen and helium. Many elements and compounds that are not normally classified as metals become metallic under high pressures; these are formed as metallic allotropes of non-metals. CHEBI:33521 elemental metal, elemental metals, metal element, metal elements, metals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33521 metal atom is an atom An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. CHEBI:33579 main group compounds, main group molecular entities A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33579 p-block compounds, p-block molecular entities, p-block molecular entitiy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33675 CHEBI:33675 A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chromium oxoanion, chromium oxoanions, oxoanions of chromium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35402 CHEBI:35402 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35404 CHEBI:35404 CHEBI:35405 transition metal oxoanion, transition metal oxoanions, transition element oxoanions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35405 CHEBI:35406 oxoacid anions, oxoanions An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35406 CHEBI:35701 A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35701 CHEBI:4859, CHEBI:23960 Ester, esters http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35757 a monocarboxylate, Carboxylate, Monocarboxylate, monocarboxylates, monocarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35757 CHEBI:3407, CHEBI:13657, CHEBI:25382 A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. CHEBI:35776 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35776 arsenic oxoanion, arsenic oxoanions, oxoanions of arsenic hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anions, hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anion, hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36059 Any monocarboxylic acid anion carrying at least one hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:36059 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36125 cyclitol carboxylic acid anions CHEBI:36125 polyatomic ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36358 An ion consisting of more than one atom. CHEBI:36358 CHEBI:36914 inorganic ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36914 quinolinemonocarboxylates A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the monoanion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group attached to the quinoline skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38773 CHEBI:38773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53387 A polymer composed of repeating hydroxyalkanoyl units. CHEBI:53387 PHAs, poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyhydroxyalkanoates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53388 A polymer composed of repeating hydroxybutyryl units. CHEBI:53388 PHB, PHBs, poly(hydroxy butyrate), poly(hydroxy butyrate)s, poly(hydroxybutyrate)s, polyhydroxy butyrate, polyhydroxy butyrates, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrates A quinolinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of kynurenic acid CHEBI:58454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58454 CHEBI:64708 An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64708 one-carbon compounds organic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64709 Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. CHEBI:64709 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000325 A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000068 quality PATO:0000068 attribute_slim [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000069 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. PATO:0000069 sensitivity [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] quality disposition_slim; attribute_slim; relational_slim PATO:0000085 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000085 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation. attribute_slim PATO:0000140 PATO:0001631; PATO:0001032 quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000140 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. relational spatial quality; location; placement [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] attribute_slim; disposition_slim http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000274 PATO:0000274 A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000956 quality value_slim; disposition_slim PATO:0000956 A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001305 high temperature; hot PATO:0001305 value_slim quality A temperature which is relatively high. PATO:0000678 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001428 scalar_slim; attribute_slim PATO:0001428 [database_cross_reference: chemicool:chemicool] A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base. quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001429 value_slim An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a high concentration of H+ ions. [database_cross_reference: chemicool:chemicool] PATO:0001429 quality An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a low concentration of H+ ions. quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001430 PATO:0001430 [database_cross_reference: chemicool:chemicool] value_slim [database_cross_reference: WordNet:WordNet] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001434 PATO:0001434 quality An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring. A sensitivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen. PATO:0001454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001454 quality scalar_slim; attribute_slim; disposition_slim [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] disposition_slim; value_slim PATO:0001455 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen. quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001455 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's independence on oxygen. PATO:0001456 value_slim; disposition_slim quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001456 PATO:0001576 quality high pressure value_slim A pressure which is relatively high. [database_cross_reference: PATO:GVG] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001576 protruding ; relational protruding quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. value_slim PATO:0001644 PATO:0001598 [database_cross_reference: WordNet:WordNet] quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001598 relational_slim; value_slim quality exposed; exits through A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary and outwards in relation to the physical space occupied by another entity. extruding from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001646 PATO:0001646 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:nc] scalar_slim; attribute_slim; relational_slim PATO:0001655 A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmolarity] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001655 quality relational_slim; value_slim A osmolarity which is relatively high. quality [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] PATO:0001657 high osmolarity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001657 A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation. PATO:0001739 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001739 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] attribute_slim quality PATO:0001740 radioactivity attribute_slim http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001740 A radiation quality inhering in a radioactive substance by virtue of its transformation (disintegration) rate. [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] quality value_slim PATO:0001741 A radiation quality inhering in bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting or being caused by radioactivity. [database_cross_reference: WordNet:WordNet] quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001741 pH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001842 quality [database_cross_reference: biology-online:biology-online] A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). scalar_slim; attribute_slim PATO:0001842 ice has quality some frozen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001985 PATO:0002061 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002182 [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] relational molecular quality PATO:0002182 quality A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. PATO:0002300 A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002300 quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG] quality http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002305 PATO:0002305 X surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002219 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002220 X adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis.; The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies.; A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.; The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002376 inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein; Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River tributary channel of; drains into; drains to X tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. distributary channel of, branch of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002377 X distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake Prefix Experimental relation used in EnvO. A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo#has_condition desert has_condition some arid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo#has_increased_levels_of has increased levels of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uo#is_unit_of O'Brien, 2015-02-19 rdfs:label is a built in annotation property, and W3C does not give guidelines beyond the definition. In the DataONe Carbon Flux ontology, we use rdfs:label for a human-readable version of the resource's name, but adhere to a particular pattern. Our goal is that content of rdfs:label are not broken into individual terms arbitrarily. 1. Our practice is to separate individual words in the rdfs:label with underscores, but maintain capitalization consistent with the conventions of the resources type (e.g., camel case for properties, capitalized words for classes, capitalized abbreviations and acronyms). 2. include namespace in the label, if resource is imported. See example_Of_Usage, presentation_Label rdfs:label is an instance of rdf:Property that may be used to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name Carbon_Flux_NASA, definition_Source, rdfs:label Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322 rdfs:label Collection Concept Concept Scheme http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core An idea or notion; a unit of thought Concept Concept