editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage has curation status definition editor note term editor alternative term definition source curator note imported from imported from expand expression to expand assertion to term replaced by An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) non_overlapping_with ENVO disconnected_from true true disconnected_from has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym in_subset shorthand is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by results in transformation into Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest. A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p. results in expansion of To be ceded to RO results in proliferation of determined by determined by part of inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this red color inheres in this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition disposition of this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime location_of location of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in contained in contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 David Osumi-Sutherland A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which starts David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland io X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during David Osumi-Sutherland d during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. David Osumi-Sutherland connected to The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) continuous with FMA:85972 x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom proper overlaps (forall (?x ?y) (iff (proper_overlaps ?x ?y) (and (overlaps ?x ?y) (not (part_of ?x ?y)) (not (part_of ?y ?x))))) partially overlaps A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern connects x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from inverse of develops from Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Terry Meehan develops into process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates regulates (processual) Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y) capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) capable of part of 'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation Chris Mungall has agent has active participant x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x Chris Mungall surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall adjacent to inverse of surrounded by Chris Mungall surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by starts with inverse of ends with Chris Mungall ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by ends with x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall ends with process that occurs in has end location p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces has output Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false Chris Mungall In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall developmentally succeeded by p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. Chris Mungall results_in_developmental_progression_of results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) Chris Mungall GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results_in_formation_of results in formation of has habitat cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, negative effect q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time. enables Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall input of inverse of has output Chris Mungall output of Chris Mungall formed as result of A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) in branching relationship with https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170 Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. Chris Mungall drains into drains to tributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) tributary of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake x distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x Chris Mungall branch of distributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary This is both a mereotopological relationship and a relationship defined in connection to processes. It concerns both the connecting structure, and how this structure is disposed to causally affect flow processes distributary of x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). Chris Mungall has developmental potential involving x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to directly develop into This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. Chris Mungall composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. Chris Mungall has part that occurs in A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C. Chris Mungall towards The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entities A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future Chris Mungall determined by (system to material entity) Chris Mungall Pier Buttigieg determined by inverse of determined by Chris Mungall determines (material entity to system) determines s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. Chris Mungall determined by part of Chris Mungall causally influenced by (material entity to material entity) causally influenced by Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b Chris Mungall causally influences (material entity to material entity) causally influences Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process Inverse of 'causal agent in' has causal agent A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. related via dependence to Confirm: how is this different from ArealDensity? ArealMassDensity ArealMassDensity The linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place WordNet Confirm: to follow the pattern, 'length' could be a subclass and the parent class (OBOE) more general ("linear"). Is this justified? or necessary? Length Length the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field WordNet Mass Mass Mass flux is the rate of mass flow per unit area, perfectly overlapping with the momentum density, the momentum per unit volume. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flux MassFlux MassFlux Confirm: meaning of term MassSpecificCount MassSpecificCount Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution in terms of amount of substance in a specified amount of mass of the solvent. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molality molal concentration Molality amount of substance of solute B in a solution divided by the mass of the solvent: Often favored because measurements of mass are more precise than measurements of volume. Molality Molality The speed of an object is the magnitude of its velocity or the rate of change of its position; it is thus a scalar quantity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed Speed Speed The volumetric flow rate is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate rate of fluid flow volume flow rate volume velocity Confirm: similar to volumetric flow rate? VolumetricRate VolumetricRate Measurement Type Measurement Type A protocol is a procedure for generating or processing data. Protocol Protocol The parts that make up the combined processes that cycle carbon, (including photosynthesis, decomposition, and respiration) between its major reservoirs (the atmosphere, oceans, and living organisms). "carbon cycle." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+cycle Carbon Cycle Component Carbon Cycle Component Carbon Cycle Component The rate at which a mass of dissolved organic carbon moves to or from a particular component of an ecosystem per unit time. Dissolved organic cabon is defined as the fraction of organic matter which is neither excluded nor adsorbed by the filter used to remove particulate organic carbon, and which is not volatile enough to be lost by the acidification and purging technique used to remove inorganic carbon. Wangersky, P.J. Dissolved organic carbon methods: a critical review. Marine Chemistry. V 41 I 1-3. pp. 61-74. 1993. Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux DOC flux Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux The mass of carbon released from burning vegetation per unit time. Johnson, E.A. and Miyanishi, K. Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects. Academic Press. 2001 Fire Carbon Flux is a measure of carbon released into the atmosphere due to fire (MPS, 2015) Fire Emissions Fire Carbon Flux Fire Emissions Fire Carbon Flux Fire Carbon Flux The magnitude of carbon sources and sinks is defined as the vertical exchange of CO2 between the surface (land or ocean) and the atmosphere. Hayes, D.J. et al. Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data. Global Change Biology. V 8, i 4. pp. 1282-1299. April 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02627.x NEE Net Ecosystem Exchange Net Ecosystem Exchange Carbon Flux NEE NEE Net Ecosystem Exchange Net Ecosystem Exchange Carbon Flux Net Ecosystem Exchange Carbon Flux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production The process of carbon fixation by autotrophic carbon-fixing tissues per unit ground or water area and time. Inferred from: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 Gross primary production (GPP) is the _amount_ of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time. (GPP is sometimes confused with Gross Primary productivity, which is the _rate_ at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs.) For most purposes (including this one) the two can be the same. It's most practical to measure production over a given time interval and area (or volume), and that amounts to an areal (or volumetric) rate. Primary production Primary productivity primary productivity Primary Production Carbon Flux Primary production Primary productivity primary productivity Primary Production Carbon Flux Primary Production Carbon Flux CO2 produced by organisms and emitted to the environment per unit ground or water area and time. Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 CO2 produced by organisms and emitted to the environment per unit ground or water area and time. Equivalent to the sum of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration. Respiration Total Respiration Respiration Carbon Flux Respiration Total Respiration Respiration Carbon Flux Respiration Carbon Flux The sum of respiration (CO2 production) by all living parts of primary producers per unit ground or water area and time. Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 Autotrophic Respiration Autotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Autotrophic Respiration Autotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Autotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux The respiration rate of heterotrophic organisms (animals and microbes) summed per unit ground or water area and time. Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 Heterotrophic Respiration Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Heterotrophic Respiration Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux The sum of gross carbon fixation by autotrophic carbon-fixing tissues per unit ground or water area and time. Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 GPP Gross Primary Production Gross Primary Productivity Gross primary productivity Primary production before the autotrophs' own respiration is subtracted. Also called photosynthetic rate, or carbon fixation rate. Gross Primary Production Carbon Flux GPP Gross Primary Production Gross Primary Productivity Gross primary productivity Gross Primary Production Carbon Flux Gross Primary Production Carbon Flux Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) per unit ground or water area and time. Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 NPP Net Primary Production Net Primary Productivity Net primary productivity the amount of primary production available for export (ie, gross, minus losses, like the autotrophs' own respiration, or other loss (exudation) not used by the carbon-fixing organism itself) = gross primary production - autotrophic respiration synonyms: NPP Net Primary Production Carbon Flux NPP Net Primary Production Net Primary Productivity Net primary productivity Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Net Primary Production Carbon Flux O'Brien, pers comm. 2015-02-20 A reservoir pool with the capacity to store and release carbon, such as soil, terrestrial vegetation, the ocean, and the atmosphere. Carbon Pools are amounts of carbon in the system. measurements of carbon pools would have dimensions of mass Carbon per area (eg, kg per m2 "carbon pool." McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E. 2003. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 20 Feb. 2015 http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+pool Carbon Pools are reservoirs in the system with the capacity to exchange carbon. Usually scientists are interested in the size of pools, and the movement of carbon between pools. The dimensions of a carbon pool are likely to be mass or moles Carbon per area or volume (eg, kg per m2). Name of Each Carbon Pool Carbon Pools are amounts of carbon in the system. measurements of carbon pools would have dimensions of mass Carbon per area (eg, kg per m2 (can these be moles? can they just be biomass?) {contributor, citation unkknown, questions are magaret's} Carbon Pool Name of Each Carbon Pool Carbon Pool Carbon Pool The mass of carbon contained within the top layer of the earth's surface in which plants can grow, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with decaying organic matter and having the capability of retaining water. "soil." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/soil Total Soil Carbon Soil Carbon Pool Total Soil Carbon Soil Carbon Pool The mass of carbon contained in free-floating organisms of the sea and fresh water that for the most part move passively with the water currents and consist mostly of microorganisms and small plants and animals. Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998. Plankton Carbon Pool Plankton Carbon Pool The mass of carbon contained within flattened photosynthetic structures emerging laterally from a main axis or stem and possessing true vascular tissue. Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998. leaves 'leaf carbon pool' and 'leaf litter carbon pool' also had associated with them the concepts 'leaves' and 'leaf decomposition' as related terms. These latter two concepts have been removed at this time as too general (leaves) or too processual (leaf decomposition as opposed to 'leaf decompositional pool'). Might consider adding these back in as skos:alLabel. Leaf Carbon Pool Leaf Carbon Pool The mass of carbon present in algae on the seafloor. Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998. Benthic Algae Carbon Pool Benthic Algae Carbon Pool The mass of carbon contained within monocotyledonous plants of the family Poaceae, having jointed stems sheathed by long, narrow leaves, flowers in spikes, and seedlike fruits. "grass." Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged. 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003. HarperCollins Publishers 24 Feb. 2015 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/grass Grass Carbon Pool Grass Carbon Pool The mass of carbon contained in the tough, fibrous substance lying beneath the bark of trees and shrubs, consisting of the vascular tissue known as xylem and composed chiefly of cellulose and lignin. "wood." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/wood Wood Carbon Pool Wood Carbon Pool The mass of carbon contained in the partly decomposed remains of plants on the surface and in the upper layers of the soil. Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998. leaf decomposition leaves synonyms from LTER searched terms (mob, 2015-03-24) Leaf Litter Carbon Pool Leaf Litter Carbon Pool A system that has the capacity to store or release carbon, in the form of the organic matter that is able to pass through a filter (filters generally range in size between 0.7 and 0.22 um) https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/organic_carbon.html Dissolved Organic Carbon Pool Dissolved Organic Carbon Pool Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) over one year. Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7 ANPP Annual NPP Annual Net Primary Production Annual Net Primary Productivity anpp Annual Net Primary Productivity Flux ANPP Annual NPP Annual Net Primary Production Annual Net Primary Productivity anpp Annual Net Primary Productivity Flux Annual Net Primary Productivity Flux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass Total carbon content of the living biomass (leaves+roots+wood) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Biomass is organic matter derived from living organisms. Total_Living_Biomass_MOV Total_Living_Biomass_MOV Total Living Biomass MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outgoing_longwave_radiation Incident longwave radiation minus simulated outgoing longwave radiation (positive into grnd) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) is the energy radiating from the Earth as infrared radiation at low energy to Space. OLR is electromagnetic radiation emitted from Earth and its atmosphere out to space in the form of thermal radiation. The flux of energy transported by outgoing longwave radiation is measured in W/m². Net_Longwave_Radiation_MOV Net_Longwave_Radiation_MOV Net Longwave Radiation MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content Vertically integrated soil moisture divided by maximum allowable soil moisture above wilting point http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material. Total_Soil_Wetness_MOV Total_Soil_Wetness_MOV Total Soil Wetness MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide Near surface dry air CO2 mole fraction (micromoles per mole) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. This process causes carbon dioxide to warm the surface and lower atmosphere, while cooling the upper atmosphere. Near Surface CO2 Concentration MOV Near Surface Carbon Dioxide Concentration MOV Near_Surface_CO2_Concentration_MOV Near Surface Carbon Dioxide Concentration MOV Near_Surface_CO2_Concentration_MOV Near Surface CO2 Concentration MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration Total respiration (TotalResp=AutoResp+heteroResp, always positive) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. Total_Respiration_MOV Total_Respiration_MOV Total Respiration MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation Absorbed fraction incoming photosyntetically active radiation http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Photosynthetically active radiation, often abbreviated PAR, designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. Absorbed Fraction Incoming PAR MOV Photosynthetically Active Radiation Absorbed_Fraction_Incoming_PAR_MOV Photosynthetically Active Radiation Absorbed_Fraction_Incoming_PAR_MOV Absorbed Fraction Incoming PAR MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Near surface air temperature http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml A temperature is an objective comparative measure of hot or cold. It is measured by a thermometer, which may work through the bulk behavior of a thermometric material, detection of thermal radiation, or particle kinetic energy. Near_Surface_Air_Temperature_MOV Near_Surface_Air_Temperature_MOV Near Surface Air Temperature MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_area_index Area of leaves per area ground http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Leaf area index is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2) in broadleaf canopies. Leaf_Area_Index_MOV Leaf_Area_Index_MOV Leaf Area Index MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_pressure Surface pressure http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml In atmospheric science, surface pressure is the atmospheric pressure at a location on Earth's surface. It is directly proportional to the mass of air over that location. Surface_Pressure_MOV Surface_Pressure_MOV Surface Pressure MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content Soil water content in each soil layer, including liquid, vapor and ice http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material... Water content is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the materials' porosity at saturation. It can be given on a volumetric or mass (gravimetric) basis. Average_Layer_Soil_Moisture_MOV Average_Layer_Soil_Moisture_MOV Average Layer Soil Moisture MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil#Temperature Average soil temperature in each soil layer http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Soil temperature depends on the ratio of the energy absorbed to that lost. Soil has a temperature range between -20 to 60 °C. Soil temperature regulates seed germination, plant and root growth and the availability of nutrients. Average_Layer_Soil_Temperature_MOV Average_Layer_Soil_Temperature_MOV Average Layer Soil Temperature MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoff Runoff from the landsurface and/or subsurface stormflow http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Surface runoff is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the earth's surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, because rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it, or because impervious areas send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it. Surface_Runoff_MOV overland flow Surface_Runoff_MOV Surface Runoff MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil Depth from soil surface to top of soil layer http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere. Soil_Layer_Top_Depth_MOV Soil_Layer_Top_Depth_MOV Soil Layer Top Depth MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind Near surface wind magnitude http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale. On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure. Near_Surface_Module_Of_The_Wind_MOV Near_Surface_Module_Of_The_Wind_MOV Near Surface Module of the Wind MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 Total size of each carbon pool vertically integrated over the entire soil column http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Size_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV Size_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV Size of Each Carbon Pool MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil Depth from soil surface to layer prognostic variables; typically center of soil layer http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere. Soil_Layer_Node_Depth_MOV Soil_Layer_Node_Depth_MOV Soil Layer Node Depth MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 Total water mass of snow pack, including ice and liquid water http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Snow_Water_Equivalent_MOV Snow_Water_Equivalent_MOV Snow Water Equivalent MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon Total soil and litter carbon content vertically integrated over the enire soil column http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Soil carbon includes both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter. Total_Soil_Carbon_MOV Total_Soil_Carbon_MOV Total Soil Carbon MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotroph Autotrophic respiration rate (always positive) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml An autotroph or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). Autotrophic_Respiration_MOV Autotrophic_Respiration_MOV Autotrophic Respiration MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain Rainfall rate http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then precipitated, heavy enough to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. Rainfall_Rate_MOV Rainfall_Rate_MOV Rainfall Rate MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo Longwave Albedo http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Albedo or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo "whiteness" (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus "white", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface. Longwave Albedo MOV albedo Longwave_Albedo_MOV albedo Longwave_Albedo_MOV Longwave Albedo MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#GPP_and_NPP MsTMIP Output: Rate of photosynthesis (always positive) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Gross Primary productivity is the rate at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs. Gross_Primary_Productivity_MOV Gross_Primary_Productivity_MOV Gross Primary Productivity MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 Name of each carbon pool (i.e., "wood," or "Coarse Woody Debris") http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Name_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV Name_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV Name of Each Carbon Pool MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil Depth from soil surface to bottom of soil layer http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere. Soil_Layer_Bottom_Depth_MOV Soil_Layer_Bottom_Depth_MOV Soil Layer Bottom Depth MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotroph Heterotrophic respiration rate (always positive) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml A heterotroph is an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. Ninety-five percent or more of all types of living organisms are heterotrophic, including all animals and fungi and most bacteria and protists. Heterotrophic_Respiration_MOV Heterotrophic_Respiration_MOV Heterotrophic Respiration MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer Thaw depth; depth to zero centigrade isotherm in permafrost http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. Active Layer Thickness MOV Thaw Depth MOV Active_Layer_Thickness_MOV Thaw Depth MOV Active_Layer_Thickness_MOV Active Layer Thickness MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_radiation Incident shortwave radiation minus simulated outgoing shortwave radiation (positive into grnd) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Shortwave radiation (SW) is radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible (VIS), near-ultraviolet (UV), and near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Net_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV Net_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV Net Shortwave Radiation MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow Total snow depth http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Snow is precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls from clouds. Since snow is composed of small ice particles, it is a granular material. Total_Snow_Depth_MOV Total_Snow_Depth_MOV Total Snow Depth MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfire Flux of carbon due to fires (always positive) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml A wildfire or wildland fire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside (i.e., not in an urban area). Fire_Emissions_MOV Fire_Emissions_MOV Fire Emissions MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 Surface incident longwave radiation http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Surface_Incident_Longwave_Radiation_MOV Surface_Incident_Longwave_Radiation_MOV Surface Incident Longwave Radiation MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass Total above ground wood biomass http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed. Above_Ground_Woody_Biomass_MOV Above_Ground_Woody_Biomass_MOV Above Ground Woody Biomass MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_flow#Runoff Gravity soil water drainage and/or soil water lateral flow http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower. This flow can be either surface runoff in rivers and streams, or subsurface runoff infiltrating rocks and soil. The amount of runoff reaching surface and groundwater can vary significantly, depending on rainfall, soil moisture, permeability, groundwater storage, evaporation, upstream use, and whether or not the ground is frozen. The movement of subsurface water is determined largely by the water gradient, type of substrate, and any barriers to flow. Subsurface_Runoff_MOV Subsurface_Runoff_MOV Subsurface Runoff MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensible_heat Sensible heat flux into the boundary layer (positive into atmosphere) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Sensible heat is heat exchanged by a body or thermodynamic system that changes the temperature, and some macroscopic variables of the body, but leaves unchanged certain other macroscopic variables, such as volume or pressure. Sensible_Heat_MOV Sensible_Heat_MOV Sensible Heat MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE=HeteroResp+AutoResp-GPP, positive into atmosphere) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. Net_Ecosystem_Exchange_MOV Net_Ecosystem_Exchange_MOV Net Ecosystem Exchange MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo Shortwave albedo http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Albedo or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo "whiteness" (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus "white", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface. Shortwave Albedo MOV albedo Shortwave_Albedo_MOV albedo Shortwave_Albedo_MOV Shortwave Albedo MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 Surface incident shortwave radiation http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Surface_Incident_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV Surface_Incident_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV Surface Incident Shortwave Radiation MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation Sum of all evaporation sources (positive into atmosphere) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance. Total_Evaporation_MOV Total_Evaporation_MOV Total Evaporation MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat Latent heat flux into the boundary layer (positive into atmosphere) http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Latent heat is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process that is specified in some way. An example is latent heat of fusion for a phase change, melting, at a specified temperature and pressure. Latent_Heat_MOV Latent_Heat_MOV Latent Heat MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 strawman definition from margaret: a Field_Method is a method for determining a component of primary production that involves observations or measurements of the real world. A field method may have steps which could be considered 'modeling' (such as development of an allometric model of tree growth based on height), but measurements "in the field" (eg, of trees) are always involved. compare to Modeled_Method. Field Method Field Method Field Method strawman definition from Margaret a Modeled_Method (is Simulated_Method better?) uses only data obtained from some source. It does not directly measure any real phenomenon. Modeled Method Modeled Method Modeled Method Fahey and Knapp, 2007, p33 Peak_Biomass_Harvest_Method is an estimate of above ground NPP based on the above ground biomass harvested once, usually near the end of the growing season, at or just after the time of peak biomass Fahey and Knapp, 2007, p33 The "Peak Standing Biomass Harvest" method is recommended for grasslands that meet the following criteria: 1) there is little carryover of living biomass from previous years due to distinct dormant season or fire during the dormant season or the previous year's biomass can be easily recognized and separated from the current year's biomass (living and dead) 2) the growing season is sufficiently short or plant material is of such low quality that decomposition of biomass produced can be ignored 3) consumption of plants by herbivores is minimal (i.e., large grazers are absent and small vertebrates and invertebrates can be ignored). Peak Biomass Harvest Method Peak Biomass Harvest Method http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_covariance The eddy covariance method is an atmospheric measurement technique to measure and calculate vertical turbulent fluxes within atmospheric boundary layers, and analyzes high-frequency wind and scalar atmospheric data series, to yield exchange rates (fluxes) of trace gasses. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_covariance It is frequently used to estimate momentum, heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes. The technique is mathematically complex, and requires significant care in setting up and processing data. To date, there is no uniform terminology or a single methodology for the Eddy Covariance technique. The technique has additionally proven applicable under water to the benthic zone for measuring oxygen fluxes between seafloor and overlying water.[6] In these environments, the technique is generally known as the eddy correlation technique, or just eddy correlation. For CO2.... tbd add these synonyms (near? exact?): also known as eddy correlation and eddy flux Eddy Covariance Method flux tower gas flux Eddy Covariance Method O'Brien, pers comm 2015-02-15 Fahey and Knapp, 2007 https://global.oup.com/academic/product/principles-and-standards-for-measuring-primary-production-9780195168662?cc=us&lang=en&# A C14 uptake method is typically used in aquatic environments, for microscopic autotrophs (phytoplankton). C14 is a radioactive tracer added as bicarbonate, and its concentration determined in the plankton after removed by filtration. Measurement scales tend to be small (hours and liters) relative to the scales of other field methods. Photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity are tightly coupled in planktonic systems (Fahey and Knapp, 2007). If the incubation is short enough, the result will be GPP (gross), because presumably, no labeled c14 was recycled (or respired) by the cells. Sometimes researchers conduct "light-dark bottle", but the dark bottle tells you something different than in o2 light-dark. It gives you dark CO2 uptake, so subtract this from light CO2 uptake if you want autotrophic GPP. Carbon14 Uptake Method The stoichiometry of phtotsynthesis is well known. So you can measure O2 evolution, and back calculate to CO2 use. usually, there is a "iight bottle" and "dark bottle". O2 evolution in the Light bottle is the net result, or sum, of all processes (GPP, Autotrophic resp, and probably some heterotrophic respiration too, because heterotrophs are hard to exclude). So Light bottle = NPP. Dark bottle is respiration, probably total, eg, autotrophs + heterotrophs. So light + dark = GPP (or about as close as you can get with a field measurement, and assume that heterotrophs aren't respiring much.) Oxygen Evolution LightDark Method bottle method Oxygen Evolution LightDark Method A method determining the relationship between a physical or physiological property of an organism relative to the size of the organism. Begon, M., Harper, J.L., Townsend, C.R. Ecology: Individuals, Populations, and Communities. Third Edition. Blackwell Science. 1996. O'Brien, pers comm, 2014-10-15 an allometric method is usually accomplished with a combination of measurements that are tailored to the organism, e.g, size, growth rate, carbon content, plus some loss terms. SBC's dataset 21 has a good example of an allometric method for kelp. Allometric Method Allometric Method A LIDAR_Method for NPP is a methodology to predict the net primary production (NPP) from ground and LiDAR data Available from: https-www.researchgate.net/publication/233137060_Use_of_ground_and_LiDAR_data_to_model_the_NPP_of_a_Mediterranean_pine_forest [accessed Mar 25, 2015]. LIDAR LIDAR Method LIDAR LIDAR Method Huntzinger, D. N., Schwalm, C., Michalak, A. M., Schaefer, K., King, A. W., Wei, Y., … Zhu, Q. (2013). The North American Carbon Program Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project -Part 1: Overview and experimental design Supplementary Material. Geoscientific Model Development, 6, 2121–2133. Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. (wikipedia). A MsTMIP Simulation is a simulation carried out by the MsTMIP project (margaret) adapted from wikipedia, Simulation terrestrial biospheric models vary in complexity and the way in which they simulate canopy conductance (energy and water fluxes), simulate photosynthesis and respiration (carbon fluxes), allocate carbon between soil and above and belowground biomass (carbon pools), and model vegetation dynamics and disturbances; MsTMIP models formulate and parameterize energy, carbon, vegetation, and nitrogen process dynamics MsTMIP_Simulation MsTMIP_Simulation http://www.ntsg.umt.edu/project/biome-bgc http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Weile Wang (weile.wang@gmail.com) citations: 1. thornton et al. (2002) modeling and measuring the effects of disburbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests. agriculture and forest meteorology, 113, 185-222. Biome-BGC is an ecosystem process model that estimates storage and flux of carbon, nitrogen and water. Biome-BGC is a computer program that estimates fluxes and storage of energy, water, carbon, and nitrogen for the vegetation and soil components of terrestrial ecosystems. We call it a process model because its algorithms represent physical and biological processes that control fluxes of energy and mass. The model uses a daily time-step. This means that each flux is estimated for a one-day period. Between days, the program updates its memory of the mass stored in different components of the vegetation, litter, and soil. Weather is the most important control on vegetation processes. Flux estimates in Biome-BGC depend strongly on daily weather conditions. Model behavior over time depends on the history of these weather conditions, the climate. BIOME-BGC_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method http://www.cccma.ec.gc.ca/ctem/ http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Altaf Arain (arainm@mcmaster.ca) citations: 1. s. huang, m. a. arain, v. arora, f. yuan, j. brodeur, m. peichl, 2011. analysis of nitrogen controls on carbon and water exchanges in a conifer forest using the class-ctemn+ model, ecological modeling, 222(20–22): 3743–3760, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.09.008. The Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) is designed to serve as the terrestrial carbon cycle component in the coupled Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM). CTEM is a dynamic vegetation model that is able to grow vegetation from bare ground and provides time-varying vegetation structural attributes (e.g., leaf area index (LAI), vegetation height, rooting depth and distribution, and canopy mass) to the land surface scheme it is coupled with. Other than simulating vegetation biomass and its structural attributes CTEM also simulates amount of carbon in its dead pools (litter and soil organic matter), and thus is able to provide net fluxes of CO2 between the land and the atmosphere. This documentation provides a brief description of CTEM 1.0/1.1 and the manner in which CTEM is coupled to Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS, version 2.7) [Verseghy et al. 1993; Verseghy, 1991]. Coupled CLASS 2.7/CTEM 1.0 are implemented in CCCma's coupled carbon climate model. CLASS-CTEMNplus_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/working_groups/Land/Presentations/2012/huang.pdf http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Maoyi Huang (maoyi.huang@pnnl.gov) citations: 1. li, h., m. huang, m. s. wigmosta, et al. 2011, evaluating runoff simulations from the community land model 4.0 using observations from flux towers and a mountainous watershed, j. geophys. res., 116, d24120, doi:10.1029/2011jd016276. Incorporating parameterizations from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model into CLM. CLM4VIC_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/ccsm4.0/clm/ http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Daniel J. Hayes (hayesdj@ornl.gov) citations: 1. mao, jiafu, peter e. thornton, xiaoying shi, maosheng zhao, wilfred m. post, 2012: remote sensing evaluation of clm4 gpp for the period 2000–09. j. climate, 25, 5327–5342. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00401.1 2. shi, x., mao j., thornton p. e., hoffman f. o. r. r. e. s. t. m., & post w. m. (2011). the impact of climate, co2, nitrogen deposition and land use change on simulated contemporary global river flow. geophysical research letters. 38(8). doi: 10.1029/2011gl046773 3. mao, jiafu; shi, xiaoying; thornton, peter e.; hoffman, forrest m.; zhu, zaichun; myneni, ranga b. 2013. "global latitudinal-asymmetric vegetation growth trends and their driving mechanisms: 1982–2009." remote sens. 5, no. 3: 1484-1497. The Community Land Model version 4.0 (CLM4.0) is the land model used in the CCSM4.0. CLM4.0 is the latest in a series of land models developed through the CCSM project. CLM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method https-scisoc.confex.com/crops/2013am/webprogram/Paper78258.html http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Hanqin Tian (tianhan@auburn.edu) citations: 1. tian, h., x. xu, c. lu, m. liu, w. ren, g. chen, j. melillo, and j. liu (2011), net exchanges of co2, ch4, and n2o between china's terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and their contributions to global climate warming, j. geophys. res., 116, g02011, doi:10.1029/2010jg001393. 2. tian, hq, g. chen, c. zhang, m. liu, g. sun, a. chappelka, w. ren, x. xu, c. lu, s. pan, h. chen, d. hui, s. mcnulty, g. lockaby and e. vance. 2012. century-scale response of ecosystem carbon storage to multifactorial global change in the southern united states. ecosystems 15(4): 674-694, doi: 10.1007/s10021-012-9539-x The Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) represents the state-of-the-art in terrestrial ecosystem modeling, which couples biophysical, hydrological, major biogeochemical processes (C, N, and P cycling) including trace gases emissions such as CO2, N2O, CH4 , vegetation dynamics, disturbances including natural and anthropogenic aspects (e.g. land-use/land-cover change, intensive management on crops and forests, wild fire, insect and disease etc.) , and works at multiple scales in time from daily to yearly and space from meters to kilometers, from region to globe across Earth’s land surface and in adjacent ocean regions. DLEM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Daniel Ricciuto (ricciutodm@ornl.gov) http://www.esd.ornl.gov/~wmp/GTEC/pgtec.html GTEC = Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Model GTEC - global model contains 21,600 1 degree terrestrial cells. The carbon dynamics of each vegetated land cell (1.0 degree latitude X 1.0 degree longitude resolution) is described by a mechanistic soil-plant-atmosphere model (LoTEC) of ecosystem carbon storage and CO2 and H2O flux. Each grid cell is assigned to one of 15 ecosystem types and one of 105 soil types. GTEC_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method http://climate.atmos.uiuc.edu/isam2/descript.html http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Atul Jain (jain1@illinois.edu) Integrated Assessment Modeling (IAM) is a new important research methodology for examining the complex interactions among physical, and human systems. Rather than actually using many of the multi-dimensional and complicated expert models, IAM build on the knowledge achieved by each individual scientific discipline. The uses of such tools need to explicitly recognize and address the existence of considerable uncertainty and scientific debate surrounding climate issues. Our existing Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) for assessment of climate change (Jain et al., 1994) consists of coupled modules for representation of the carbon cycle, effects of greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols on atmospheric composition, effects on global temperatures using an energy balance model, and processes affecting sea level change. This model has been used to estimate the relation between the time-dependent rate of greenhouse gas emissions and quantitative features of climate global temperature, the rate of temperature change, and sea level that are thought to be indicators of human impact on climate and ecosystems (Wigley et al., 1998). This model has also been applied to studies of Global Warming Potential (GWP, Wuebbles, et al., 1995), and the Economic-Damage Index (EDI, Hammitt et al., 1996) concepts. ISAM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132&context=nasapub http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Benjamin Poulter (benjamin.poulter@lsce.ipsl.fr) Citations: 1. Sitch S, Smith B, Prentice IC, Arneth A, Bondeau A, Cramer W, Kaplan J, Levis S, Lucht, W, Sykes M, Thonicke K, Venevsky S 2003. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ Dynamic Vegetation Model. Global Change Biology 9: 161–185. 2. Bondeau A, Smith PC, Zaehle S, Schaphoff S, Lucht W, Cramer W, Gerten D, Lotze-Campen H, Müller C, Reichstein M & Smith B (2007) Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance. Gl Ch Biol 13:679-706, 3. Poulter, B, L Aragao, U Heyder, Gumpenberger, M, F Langerwisch, A Rammig, K Thonicke and W Cramer. 2010. Net biome production of the Amazon Basin in the 21st century. Global Change Biology, 16(7):2062-2075. LPJ-wsl is a dynamic global vegetation model that simulates coupled biogeography and biogeochemical responses to climate, CO2, and disturbance (Sitch et al., 2003). LPJ-wsl_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method http://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_publications/items/7382.php http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Shushi Peng (Shushi.Peng@lsce.ipsl.fr) Gwena‰lle Berthier (Gwenaelle.Berthier@lsce.ipsl.fr) citations: 1. krinner, g., viovy, n., noblet-ducoudre, n. de, ogee, j., polcher, j., friedlingstein, p., ciais, p., sitch, s., and prentice, i. c (2005). a dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system. global biogeochem. cycles, 19, gb1015. The ORCHIDEE dynamic global vegetation model represents the land surface features of the IPSL coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation model. ORCHIDEE has been developed using first order ecophysiological principles to represent both natural ecosystem and managed land carbon, water, and energy dynamics across multiple spatial (site to globe) and temporal (sub-daily to centennial) scales. lsce = Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement ORCHIDEE-LSCE_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method http://biocycle.atmos.colostate.edu/research/models/sib3/ http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Nicholas C. Parazoo (nicholas.c.parazoo@jpl.nasa.gov) citations: 1. baker, i. t., l. prihodko, a. s. denning, m. goulden, s. miller, and h. r. da rocha (2008), seasonal drought stress in the amazon: reconciling models and observations, j. geophys. res., 113(g1), g00b01. The Simple Biosphere (SiB) Model was originally developed by Piers Sellers in the mid-1980’s as an internally-consistent module to surface-atmosphere exchanges of radiation, heat, moisture, and momentum over land. It was extended in the mid-1990’s by a team of interdisciplinary scientists to include mechanistic linkages to photosynthesis, stomatal physiology, and satellite remote sensing. Since that time it has been extended to include improved treatment of carbon cycling, soils, snow, hydrology, stable isotopes, phenology, and crops. SIB3-JPL_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method http://biocycle.atmos.colostate.edu/Documents/SiB/Schaefer_2008_J._Geophys._Res.pdf http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Kevin Schaefer (kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org) citations: 1. schaefer, k., g. j. collatz, p. tans, a. s. denning, i. baker, j. berry, l. prihodko, n. suits, and a. philpott (2008), combined simple biosphere/carnegie-ames-stanford approach terrestrial carbon cycle model, j. geophys. res., 113, g03034, doi:10.1029/2007jg000603. 2. schaefer, k., t. zhang, a. g. slater, l. lu, a. etringer, and i. baker (2009), improving simulated soil temperatures and soil freeze/thaw at high-latitude regions in the simple biosphere/carnegie-ames-stanford approach model, j. geophys. res., 114, f02021, doi:10.1029/2008jf001125. We combine the photosynthesis and biophysical calculations in the Simple Biosphere model, Version 2.5 (SiB2.5) with the biogeochemistry from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to create SiBCASA, a hybrid capable of estimating terrestrial carbon fluxes and biomass from diurnal to decadal timescales. SIBCASA_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/TEM/ http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Dan Hayes (hayesdj@ornl.gov) citations: 1. hayes, d.j., a.d. mcguire, d.w. kicklighter, k.r. gurney, t.j. burnside, and j.m. melillo (2011), is the northern high latitude land-based co2 sink weakening? global biogeochemical cycles, 25(3), gb3018, doi:10.1029/2010gb003813. The Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) is a process-based ecosystem model that describes carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics of plants and soils for terrestrial ecosystems of the globe. The TEM uses spatially referenced information on climate, elevation, soils and vegetation as well as soil- and vegetation-specific parameters to make estimates of important carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and pool sizes of terrestrial ecosystems. The TEM normally operates on a monthly time step and at a 0.5 degrees latitude/longitude spatial resolution, but the model has been applied at finer spatial resolutions (down to 1 hectare). TEM6_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method http://www.researchgate.net/publication/260724890_Modelling_methane_emissions_from_natural_wetlands_TRIPLEX-GHG_model_integration_sensitivity_analysis_and_calibration http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Changhui Peng (peng.changhui@uqam.ca) citations: 1. peng, c.h., zhu, q.a and h. chen, 2011. integrating greenhouse gas emission processes into a dynamic global vegetation model: triplex-ghg model development and testing, in: procceding of isem 2011 conference, pp76 2. peng et al (2013), in preparation TRIPLEX-GHG is a process-based model framework used to quantify terrestrial ecosystem greenhouse gas dynamics by incorporating both ecological drivers and biogeochemical processes. TRIPLEX-GHG was developed from the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), a dynamic global vegetation model, coupled with a new methane (CH4) biogeochemistry module (incorporating CH4 production, oxidation, and transportation processes) and a water table module to investigate CH4 emission processes that occur in natural wetlands. TRIPLEX-GHG_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~biasutti/Workshop/ppts/Zeng.pdf http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Ning Zeng (zeng@atmos.umd.edu) The VEgetation-Global Atmosphere-Soil Model (VEGAS) VEGAS2.1_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method http://www.fluxdata.org/DataInfo/AsilomarPresentations/090210_asilomar_aito.pdf http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Akihiko Ito (z060507@gmail.com) citations: 1. ito, a. (2010), changing ecophysiological processes and carbon budget in east asian ecosystems under near-future changes in climate: implications for long-term monitoring from a process-based model, j.plant res., 123, 577-588, doi:10.1007/s10265-009-0305-x. 2. ito, a. (2008), the regional carbon budget of east asia simulated with a terrestrial ecosystem model and validated using asiaflux data, agricultural and forest meteorology, 148(5), 738-747, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.12.007. VISIT:
Vegetation
Integrative
Simulator
for
Trace
gases
by
A.Ito
(NIES)
 =>
ecophysiological,
biogeochemical
model:
cf.
Biome‐BGC,
Century NIES = National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan VISIT_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method The process by which carbon dioxide in the atmosphere moves across a phase boundary e.g., into the ocean, which is a major sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Dissolved carbon dioxide subsequently reacts to form carbonic acid, bicarbonate ions, and carbonate ions, leading to ocean acidification. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 CO2 Diffusion Flux Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Flux gas flux CO2 Diffusion Flux Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Flux Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Flux The pool of carbon oxoanions resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17544 Bicarbonate Pool Bicarbonate Pool Carbon Dioxide Pool http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41609 The pool of carbon oxoanions that have formula CO3. Carbonate Pool A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183 CH4 pool Methane Pool CH4 pool Methane Pool atmospheric carbon dioxide that has been converted into organic carbon compounds, usually by plants and algae via photosynthesis http://www.dictionary.com/browse/carbon-fixation Fixed Carbon Pool Gas phase carbon dioxide molecules in the air surrounding Earth. A principle contributor to climate change and the main source of carbon used by photoautotrophs to store energy during primary production. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Pool Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Pool Carbon dioxide that has passed from the gas phase into the dissolved phase, with the the ocean begin the largest component of this pool. This process contributes to acidification by forming carbonic acid with water molecules. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Pool Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Pool A method of artificially raising the atmospheric CO2 concentration in field plots in order to study effects on the ecosystem. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 CO2 Enrichment Method CO2 Enrichment Method Gross primary productivity (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) in plant segments other than the roots, e.g. leaves and shoots. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Aboveground NPP Carbon Flux Aboveground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Aboveground NPP Carbon Flux Aboveground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Aboveground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux An organism that consists of only one cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicellular_organism monad single cell single-celled unicellular Single-Celled Organism An organism that consist of more than one cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_organism multi-cellular organism; whole organism animal Multi-Celled Organism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism Microorganisms are very diverse and include all bacteria, archaea and most protozoa. This group also contains some species of fungi, algae, and certain microscopic animals, such as rotifers. microorganism Microbe Functional levels defined here: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html maybe others. This class and all subclasses should be incorporated into ENVO. Functional Level Functional Level WordNet Ecosystems are dynamic entities composed of the biological community and the abiotic environment. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment Ecological system This class should be incorporated into ENVO. Ecosystem Ecological system Ecosystem Ecosystem In ecology, a community is an assemblage of two or more populations of different species occupying the same geographical area. (wikipedia) An ecological unit composed of a group of organisms or a population of different species occupying a particular area, usually interacting with each other and their environment. (biology-online.org) http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.0/oboe-ecology.owl#EcologicalCommunity This class should be incorporated into ENVO. Community Community WordNet A population comprises all the individuals of a given species in a specific area or region at a certain time. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area This class should be incorporated into ENVO. Population Population Population An organism is a single individual. Living creatures It seems like this class could be related to ENVO's anatomical entity, as in "Organism has part 'anatomical entity" ' This class should be incorporated into ENVO. Organism Animals, plants, fungi; Flora, fauna Living creatures Organism Organism A group of interbreeding organisms that do not ordinarily breed with members of other groups. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html This class should be incorporated into ENVO. Species Species Species http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Physical State phase state state of matter Physical State Physical State http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas air is a gas mixture with various pure gases Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter. A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. gaseous state Gas Gas Gas A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid Liquid State Liquid liquified Liquid State Liquid Liquid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid crystalline solids include metals and ice Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter. It is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the entire volume available to it like a gas does. The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice or irregularly. solid state Solid Solid Solid The rate at which carbon dissolves, moving from one pool to another. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Dissolution Carbon Flux Dissolution Carbon Flux Dissolution Carbon Flux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_(chemistry) metal alloys are dissolved solid solutions The dissolution of gases, liquids, or solids into a liquid or other solvent is a process by which these original states become solutes (dissolved components), forming a solution of the gas, liquid, or solid in the original solvent. Solid solutions are the result of dissolution of one solid into another. dissolution dissolved state Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by organisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food, and taken up during photosynthesis (adapted from ChEBI). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 Carbon dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide exists in Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas at a concentration of about 0.04 percent (400 ppm) by volume. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. Because carbon dioxide is soluble in water, it occurs naturally in groundwater, rivers and lakes, in ice caps and glaciers and also in seawater. It is present in deposits of petroleum and natural gas. CHEBI:48829, CHEBI:3283, CHEBI:13282, CHEBI:13283, CHEBI:13285, CHEBI:13284, CHEBI:23011 CO2 CO2 carbonic anhydride Carbon Dioxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate Carbon oxoanions that have formula CO3. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41609 In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3. The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group. CO3 carbonate ion CHEBI:41609 Carbonate CO3 carbonate ion Carbonate Carbonate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate Carbon oxoanions resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17544 Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO−3. Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. CHEBI:22863, CHEBI:40961, CHEBI:5589, CHEBI:13363 Bicarbonate ion HCO3- CHEBI:17544 Bicarbonate Acid carbonate, Bicarbonate, hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonate ion HCO3- Bicarbonate Bicarbonate A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17245 Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to hemoglobic animals (including humans) when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions. In the atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the formation of ground-level ozone. CHEBI:41526, CHEBI:3282, CHEBI:13281, CHEBI:23013 CO CHEBI:17245 Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide The carbon found in organic molecules. Organic molecules contain both carbon and hydrogen, and "organic carbon" is defined as the carbon found in organic molecules. Though many organic chemicals also contain other elements, it is the carbon-hydrogen bond that defines them as organic. Organic carbon is found naturally in plants and organisms. Organic Carbon Organic Carbon The carbon found in organic molecules. https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/Carbon-Chemistry/60 A system that has the capacity to store or release carbon that is either of a biologic origin or can be found or incorporated into a living organism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compound http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon A "pool" is the reservoir that has the capacity to both take in and release a substance. Hence the "organic carbon pool" is part of a system that has the capacity to store or release carbon that is either of a biologic origin or can be found or incorporated into a living organism. Organic Carbon Pool Organic Carbon Pool A "pool" is the reservoir that has the capacity to both take in and release a substance. Hence the "organic carbon pool" is part of a system that has the capacity to store or release carbon that is either of a biologic origin or can be found or incorporated into a living organism. A system that has the capacity to store or release carbon, in the form of pieces of plant debris 0.053–2 mm in size. http://soilquality.org.au/factsheets/organic-carbon-pools Particulate organic carbon also decomposes relatively quickly (years to decades) and provides an important source of energy for soil microorganisms. It also plays an important role in maintaining soil structure and providing soil nutrients. Plant residues and particulate organic carbon are often referred to as ‘labile carbon’ because they cycle in the soil relatively quickly. A "pool" is the reservoir that has the capacity to both take in and release a substance. "Particulate Organic Carbon (POC)" is carbon from heterogenous living and detrital material, sometimes fragmented into pieces 0.053–2 mm in size. POC is often collected by filtering (or another separation technique), and so definition by size is somewhat operational. See "Dissolved Organic Carbon". Particulate Organic Carbon Pool Particulate Organic Carbon Pool A "pool" is the reservoir that has the capacity to both take in and release a substance. "Particulate Organic Carbon (POC)" is carbon from heterogenous living and detrital material, sometimes fragmented into pieces 0.053–2 mm in size. POC is often collected by filtering (or another separation technique), and so definition by size is somewhat operational. See "Dissolved Organic Carbon". http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/Chemistry_of_Carbon Carbon extracted from ores and minerals and not obtained from plants and living things. Some examples of inorganic carbon are carbon oxides such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; polyatomic ions, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, carbonate and carbide in carbon. Made this class a sibling of CHEBI class 'inorganic molecular entity' because CHEBI says that an 'inorganic molecular entity' contains no carbon, and we didn't want to contradict that. Inorganic Carbon Inorganic Carbon Carbon extracted from ores and minerals and not obtained from plants and living things. A component of a system that has the capacity to store or release carbon that is either of a non-biologic origin or cannot be found or incorporated into a living organism. The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, biocarbonate anion, and carbonate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_compound http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon Inorganic Carbon Pool Inorganic Carbon Pool A component of a system that has the capacity to store or release carbon that is either of a non-biologic origin or cannot be found or incorporated into a living organism. The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, biocarbonate anion, and carbonate. A fixed carbon pool of the carbon found in living organisms, in a system with the capacity to store and release carbon through process inherent to those organisms. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool A fixed carbon pool of the carbon found in living organisms, in a system with the capacity to store and release carbon through process inherent to those organisms. WordNet In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms Tree sapling Tree Tree Concentration of carbon in plant litter. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon numerator is carbon, denominator is a volume or weight of soil. Litter Carbon Concentration decomposition detritus leaf litter litter fall litterfall Litter Carbon Concentration Litter Carbon Concentration A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant, the whole or part thereof. Plant Ontology (PO:0025161) Plant Ontology, accession: PO:0025161 plant-derived organic material Plant Material WordNet The autotrophic components of the plankton community and a key factor of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems. Microscopic, but when present in high enough numbers, some varieties may be produce colored patches on the water surface. From Greek, 'phyto' = plant and 'planktos' = wanderer. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton, http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/phyto.html photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae plankton phytoplankton plankton phytoplankton Phytoplankton WordNet A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Scientific+experiment the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation Scientific experiment Experiment Experimental group Scientific experiment Experiment Experiment Observation of an ecological system of interest under specific, controllable circumstances in an effort to evaluate system response. Fundamentally, manipulative or comarative experments (Hurlbert 1984) require 1) random allocation of treatments (ncluding controls) to experimental units from the population under study and 2) replication of each tratment over several experimental units (Fisher 1925). Morrison, M. L., W.M. Block, M. D Strickland, B. A. Collier, M. J. Peterson. 2008 Wildlife Study Design. Springer Science & Business Media, (via google books, sect 2.4.1, p 42) and cited therein: FIsher. R. A. 1925. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd, London. Hurlbert, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecolgical field experments. Ecol Monogr. 54:187-211 http://everything2.com/title/Manipulative+experiment also see the below, from everything2.com A manipulative experiment is one in which the experimenter manipulates the system of study in order to attempt to uncover causal relationships. Such experiments can either be rigidly or loosely controlled. In the former case, investigator may create an artificial system in a laboratory setting and control all confounding variables so as to eliminate ambiguity in the interpretation of results. In the latter case, the investigator may simply modify one or two variables of interest in order to determine how the natural system will respond. The statistical methods used to analyse the data are generally of the analysis of variance type, but there are exceptions (especially in the case of loosely controlled manipulations). Two examples follow, one where rigid control was exercised, and one where loose control was used. Manipulative experiment Manipulative experiment A natural experiment is an empirical study in which individuals (or clusters of individuals) exposed to the experimental and control conditions are determined by nature or by other factors outside the control of the investigators, yet the process governing the exposures arguably resembles random assignment. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_experiment Also could use: Term loosely used to apply to the study of any naturally occurring differences among groups. W. Paul Vogt, Dianne C. Gardner, Lynne M. Haeffele. 2012. When to Use What Research Design Guilford Press (p 62 via google books) Natural experiment Natural experiment Natural experiment An operational term for photosynthetic, nonvascular plants that contain chlorophyll a nad have simple reproductive structures, and that are visible to the unaided eye. Includes some members of the red, brown, and green algae, taxonomic groups which do not have a common multicellular ancestor. Some tuft-forming cyanobacteria or diatoms are sometimes considered macroalgae. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaweed and Dawes, Cl J. 1978. Marine Botany, John Wiley and Sons., p 113 Macroalgae Macroalgae the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference PATO:0001334 diameter diameter WordNet The circumference (from Latin circumferentia, meaning "carrying around") of a closed curve or circular object is the linear distance around its edge. The circumference of a circle is of special importance in geometry and trigonometry. Informally "circumference" may also refer to the edge itself rather than to the length of the edge. Circumference is a special case of perimeter: the perimeter is the length around any closed figure, but conventionally "perimeter" is typically used in reference to a polygon while "circumference" typically refers to a continuously differentiable curve. PATO:0001648 http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/PATO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001648 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference the size of something as given by the distance around it circumference Perimeter of a circle circumference Circumference WordNet the measurement from base of something to top, or to a fixed point. www.thefreedictionary.com/height the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top height PATO:0000119 width, length height Height WordNet Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "concentration". (via http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration#cite_note-goldbook-1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration the strength of a solution (i.e. number of molecules of a substance in a given volume) A concentration measurement describes the amount of one entity relative to the total amounts (usually expressed in Volume) of the entities in the mixture in which it occurs Note: see list of issues, text file called ECSO_notes_issues.txt PATO concentration_of explicitly says mixture of one substance with another. superclasses (measuresEntity, measuresCharacterstic) deliberately left off this class because mixtures can be quite variable. See children. added a child of concentration-of, called 'molar concentration', and put the equivalence class there. alternative could be that 'molar concentration' is a synonym of AmountOfSubstanceConcentration in OBOE. concentration_MeasurementType PATO:0000033, concentration of concentration_MeasurementType Concentration Measurement Type From Wikipedia: Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals. Use in ECSO: There are many methods and usages of biomass measurements. This ECSO class is for a group of measurements where only the mass of the material was recorded. Pertinent area and datetime components are implicit (or in the protocol). The mass can be expressed as an average, or as the total mass in the community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass". biomass_MeasurementType biomass_MeasurementType Biomass Measurement Type http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena the rate of transfer of a substance or energy across a given surface In transport phenomena (heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid dynamics), flux is defined as the rate of flow of a property per unit area, which has the dimensions [quantity]·[time]−1·[area]−1.[Bird et al, 1960] The area is of the surface the property is flowing "through" or "across". For example, the magnitude of a river's current, i.e. the amount of water that flows through a cross-section of the river each second, or the amount of sunlight that lands on a patch of ground each second, are kinds of flux. Bird, R. Byron; Stewart, Warren E.; Lightfoot, Edwin N. (1960). Transport Phenomena. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-07392-X. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux The study of transport phenomena concerns the exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems. Fundamental analyses in all three subfields are often grounded in the simple principle that the sum total of the quantities being studied must be conserved by the system and its environment. Flow Measurement Type Flux Measurement Type flux_MeasurementType Flow Measurement Type flux_MeasurementType Flux Measurement Type the perpendicular measurement downward from a surface http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/depth, accessed 2016-06-27 deepness depth depth Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll_a Chl-a Chlorophyll-a Concentration Chl-a Chlorophyll-a Concentration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moisture wetness caused by water WordNet Moisture refers to the presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts. Moisture also refers to the amount of water vapour present in the air. There are many ways to measure moisture in products, such as different wave measurement (light and audio), electromagnetic fields, capacitive methods, and the more traditional weighing and drying technique. Soil Moisture Percentage wet, wetness Soil Moisture Percentage Soil Moisture Percentage Concentration may be expressed per volume of water (e.g., for phytoplankton), or per some measure of plant material. Plant Pigment Concentration Plant Pigment Concentration A rate measurement is a quantity measured with respect to a second measured quantitiy. In temporal rates, the denominator (second quantity) is time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_(mathematics)#Temporal http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rate temporal_rate_MeasurementType temporal_rate_MeasurementType Temporal Rate Measurement Type A concentration of organic carbon in some material. An organic carbon concentration measurement will be a ratio where the numerator is Carbon (in mass or amount) and denominator is [mass or amount] of the material the Carbon is mixed with. Various units are used, eg, gram/gram, gram/volume, percent. Organic Carbon Concentration Organic Carbon Concentration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalinity accessed 2017-07-08 Alkalinity is the name given to the quantitative capacity of an aqueous solution to neutralize an acid. Alkalinity CO2_CO2calc_output CO2, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentraiton of CO2,; micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER Concentration of carbon dioxide in fresh water, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide Freshwater CO2 Concentration Freshwater Carbon Dioxide Concentration Freshwater CO2 Concentration Freshwater Carbon Dioxide Concentration Freshwater Carbon Dioxide Concentration the distance between the top and bottom or front and back surfaces of something http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thickness thickness thickness Fluorescence_measurementType Fluorescence_measurementType A number of entities taken together as a unit because members share a common characteristic or relation http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Group grouping group grouping group group http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity Near surface specific humidity http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of water. Specific humidity is a ratio of the water vapor content of the mixture to the total air content on a mass basis. Near Surface Specific Humidity MOV humidity Near_Surface_Specific_Humidity_MOV humidity Near_Surface_Specific_Humidity_MOV Near Surface Specific Humidity MOV http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml accessed 2015-03-25 Concentration of carbon dioxide, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide CO2 Concentration EquivalentTo: concentration and measurementFor only Observation and ofEntity only CO2 carbon dioxide concentration CO2 Concentration CO2 Concentration CO2 Concentration SOM Percent soil organic matter in mineral soil (by compustion at 550 c) number https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7 Soil carbon includes both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter present in soil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon Total Soil Carbon soil organic Total Soil Carbon Total Soil Carbon The respiration rate of heterotrophic organisms (animals and microbes) summed per unit area and time, and occuring in soil. Adapted from ECSO_00000018, Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux A net primary production measurement which is measured in a grassland and only measures plant segments other than the roots, e.g. leaves and shoots. Adapted from ECSO_00000021 (Net Primary Production Carbon FLux) and ECSO_00000301 (Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux) Grassland Above Ground NPP Carbon Flux anpp In grasslands, measured by peak biomass. Grassland Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Grassland Above Ground NPP Carbon Flux anpp Grassland Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Grassland Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production The primary production of phytoplankton has been estimated for decades by the 14C (Steemann-Nielsen, 1952) and O2 (Gaarder and Gran, 1927) methods. The process of carbon fixation by autotrophic phytoplankton per unit area or volume and time. Gross primary production (GPP) is the _amount_ of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time. (GPP is sometimes confused with Gross Primary productivity, which is the _rate_ at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs.) For most purposes (including this one) the two can be the same. It's most practical to measure production over a given time interval and area (or volume), and that amounts to an areal (or volumetric) rate. phytoplankton primary productivity May occur in aquatic environments of all types. The primary production of phytoplankton has been estimated for decades by the 14C (Steemann-Nielsen, 1952) and O2 (Gaarder and Gran, 1927) methods. Phytoplankton Primary Production Carbon Flux phytoplankton primary productivity Phytoplankton Primary Production Carbon Flux Phytoplankton Primary Production Carbon Flux The process of carbon fixation by autotrophic phytoplankton per unit area or volume and time. From Moigis and Gocke, 2003, 10.1093/plankt/fbg089 DIC_Meas Dissolved inorganic carbon concentration, measured microMolesPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/22/20 The total inorganic carbon or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution in sea water. The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate.[1] It is customary to express carbon dioxide and carbonic acid simultaneously as CO2* . CT is a key parameter when making measurements related to the pH of natural aqueous systems,[2] and carbon dioxide flux estimates. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon DIC This might be a subclass of CO2 concentration (rather than it's sibling). Margaret needs to talk to her local CO2 system experts. generally, CO2 that enters the ocean dissociates into bicarbonate, carbonate, (and some stays as CO2). but not sure what people in that domain call the total. (or if this is actually what they would search for! will confirm that, too, this week. Oceanic Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration DIC Oceanic Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration Oceanic Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration The rate at which a Carbon Dioxide (CO2) moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit time. ECSO_00000011 (Carbon Flux), adapted for CO2 CO2 Flux Carbon Dioxide Flux CO2 Flux Carbon Dioxide Flux Carbon Dioxide Flux Freshwater Chlorophyll Fluorescence Freshwater Chlorophyll Fluorescence CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion, micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1 A carbonate concentration which is comprised of bicarbonate. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate Concentration of biocarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. HCO3 concentration Bicarbonate Concentration HCO3 concentration Bicarbonate Concentration Bicarbonate Concentration tic total inorganic carbon total inorganic carbon milligramPerLiter ben.1.1 A concentration of inorganic carbon occurring in water. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/cdiac74/sop02.pdf Amount of total dissolved inorganic carbon in naturally occurring water, usually expressed as moles of carbon per kilogram of water; this method is suitable for the assay of aquatic levels of total dissolved inorganic carbon (1800-2300 micromol/kg) TIC Class to hold measurements for concentration for any form of inorganic C.. three main ones, carbonate, bicarbonate and co2 (also carbonic acid, but they might add that into the co2) generally, CO2 that enters water dissociates into bicarbonate, carbonate, (and some stays as CO2). but not sure what people in that domain call the total. The class for 'Oceanic ...' should be a subclass of this one. Right now, we have separate classes for 'total', as in the sum of all forms - this is a different concept than "any" form. also note: parent is incomplete; there are probably 8 leafs, only 6 at the moment. Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration CT dissolved inorganic carbon total inorganic carbon TIC Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration WordNet the only growth was some salt grass The process of increasing in physical size, mass or number, gradually and irreversibly. the process of developing or maturing. the increase in number and spread of small or microscopic organisms. potential synonyms: development, maturation, growing, germination, sprouting; blooming, expansion, extension, development, progress, advance, advancement adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/biology/control_regulation/growth/revision/1/ http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Growth Google (no ref to src material) development growing maturation Growth Growth Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the highest sprig at the top of the tree. The base of the tree is measured for both height and girth as being the elevation at which the pith of the tree intersects the ground surface beneath, or "where the acorn sprouted." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_measurement#Height Tree Height Tree Height Tree Height Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) by marine macroalgae. Usually expressed per unit area (substrate or water surface) and time. Marine macroalgae occur in oceanic or estuarine environments. adapted from ECSO_00000021 (Net Primary Production Carbon FLux) Marine Macroalgae NPP Carbon Flux Marine Macroalgae Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Marine Macroalgae NPP Carbon Flux Marine Macroalgae Net Primary Production Carbon Flux Marine Macroalgae Net Primary Production Carbon Flux A flux of carbon across the surface of the ocean, per unit area. ECSO_00000200, Areal Carbon Flux, adapted for the ocean. Oceanic CO2 Flux This class probably could be a child of "carbon dioxide diffusion flux", especially since definition of the parent is based on the ocean. But contributor is not confident saying that it always is diffusion. Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Flux Oceanic CO2 Flux Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Flux Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Flux Diameter of a tree. Often measured at a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height). May be measured as circumference, then divided by pi. http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf Tree Diameter Tree Diameter Tree Diameter Distance around the tree, often a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height). http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf Tree Girth Tree Circumference Tree Girth Tree Circumference Tree Circumference An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo.owl Process Process Process the majority of tree growth occurs in late spring and early summer Tree growth is computed from sequential measurements of a tree that often depend on the species and its form. Measurements include (but are not limited to) height, circumference and diamater, eg, diameter at breast height, or DBH. http://www.fia.fs.fed.us/library/fact-sheets/p3-factsheets/tree-growth.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_measurement http://texastreeid.tamu.edu/content/howTreesGrow/ Tree growth dbh The plant, animal, or other material containing the chemical of interest is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it. http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm wet_weight wet_weight Domain protocol for measuring the diameter of a tree. Measured at a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height). May be measured as circumference, then divided by pi. http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf DBH Diameter at Breast Height Tree Diameter at Breast Height basal diameter DBH Diameter at Breast Height Tree Diameter at Breast Height Tree Diameter at Breast Height Ash-free dry weight is used as an index for percent organic carbon in the quantified substrate. AFDW ash_free_dry_weight AFDW ash_free_dry_weight Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals.[4] Use in ECSO: The mass expressed as mass per unit area. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) biomass_density biomass_density WordNet Use in ECSO: mass per area. Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms per unit area at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) the amount per unit size (i.e. the total mass of living matter in a given unit area) Deliberately did not use the OBOE characteristic ArealDensity, because that one seemed to be specific to physics. biomass_density_MeasurementType biomass_density_MeasurementType biomass density WordNet A linear measurement assigns a numerical value for the length of an object or between objects. Units of linear measure include inch, foot, meter, kilometer and mile. Linear measurements have one dimension, whereas square measurements have two dimensions and cubic measurements have three. https://www.reference.com/science/linear-measurement-c0842dc7f571f781 of or in or along or relating to a line; involving or having a single dimension linear_MeasurementType one-dimensional linear_MeasurementType Linear Measurement Type A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes from the center of a circle to any endpoint on the circular boundary. The radius is half of the diameter http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/PATO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002390 radius radius This class is a grouping for all protocols that measure the biomass of something. These might include total weight of (e.g.) a sample of grass or fish, or total carbon in a sample, where the size of the sample is not part of the observation. Hence, unit should be a mass unit only. Biomass Method Biomass Method the weight of biological material dried at 105 °C until no further water loss takes place. Because water content varies considerably between individuals, dry weight is the most commonly used method of assessing weight in plants and animals. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+mass dry_weight dry_weight http://umbs.lsa.umich.edu/research/variable/ash-free-dry-weight.htm ash_content syn = ash_content ash_weight ash_weight WordNet Chlorophyll is a term used for several closely related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words chloros ("green") and phyllon ("leaf"). Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to absorb energy from light. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, followed by the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum which it reflects, hence the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28966 any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms; there are four naturally occurring forms chlorophyl not imported with ENVO import of chemical entity. chlorophyll chlorophyl chlorophyll Chlorophyll chlorophyll-a chlorophyll-a HCO3_CO2calc_output HCO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of bicarbonate ion micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1 Concentration of carbonate, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO3 2- (one carbon atom, three oxygen atoms negative 2 charge) Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate CO3 concentration Carbonate Concentration CO3 concentration Carbonate Concentration Carbonate Concentration Concentration of carbonate, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3 Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate freshwater CO3 concentration Freshwater Carbonate Concentration freshwater CO3 concentration Freshwater Carbonate Concentration Freshwater Carbonate Concentration CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1 Concentration of bicarbonate in freshwater serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate Freshwater Bicarbonate Concentration Freshwater Bicarbonate Concentration Seawater Chlorophyll Fluorescence 'Seawater Chlorophyll Fluorescence' WordNet a very large group of microorganisms comprising one of the three domains of living organisms. They are prokaryotic, unicellular, and either free-living in soil or water or parasites of plants or animals See also prokaryote bacteria. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bacteria (accessed: June 30, 2016). single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants Bacteria Eubacteria Bacteria Bacteria WordNet any of numerous groups of chlorophyll-containing, mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms ranging from microscopic single-celled forms to multicellular forms 100 feet (30 meters) or more long, distinguished from plants by the absence of true roots, stems, and leaves and by a lack of nonreproductive cells in the reproductive structures: classified into the six phyla Euglenophyta, Crysophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/algae primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves Alga Algae Alga Algae Algae Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is defined as the organic matter that is able to pass through a filter (filters generally range in size between 0.7 and 0.22 um). See particulate organic carbon. http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/organic_carbon.html DOC DOM DOM dissolved organic material dissolved organic carbon DOC DOM Particulate organic carbon (POC), or particulate organic matter (POM) is that organic matter suspended in water, and that is not able to pass through a filter (filters generally range in size between 0.7 and 0.22 um). Usually plant or animal origin. http://www.ecologydictionary.org/PARTICULATE_ORGANIC_MATTER_(POM) POC POM particulate organic matter particulate organic carbon Defined by the Plant Ontology as a plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. PO label is 'whole plant' Plant Ontology, PO:0000003 whole plant plant plant A layer which is part of soil. Soil generally consists of visually and texturally distinct layers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_horizon#Layers soil profile soil profiles This is a grouping class, analogous to 'lake layer' and 'marine layer' soil layer soil layer In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer soil active layer soil active layer Concentration of carbon in soil, which could include all forms (eg, inorganic carbon, carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter). Soil carbon plays a key role in the carbon cycle, and thus it is important in global climate models. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon numerator is carbon, denominator is a volume or weight of soil. Soil Carbon Concentration Soil Carbon Concentration Soil Carbon Concentration Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) within aquatic systems Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolved_organic_carbon DOC Aquatic Dissolved Organic Carbon DOC Aquatic Dissolved Organic Carbon Aquatic Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration of carbon in particulate form that is too large to pass through a filter in aquatic environments Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Measurement POC Suspended Organic Carbon Aquatic Particulate Organic Carbon POC Suspended Organic Carbon Aquatic Particulate Organic Carbon Aquatic Particulate Organic Carbon Soil organic content proportion is the fractional amount of all organic matter components of soil, relative to a measurement of the total. adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter, 2017-07-08 Organic content consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. SOM exerts numerous positive effects on soil physical and chemical properties, as well as the soil’s capacity to provide regulatory ecosystem services.[1] Particularly, the presence of SOM is regarded as being critical for soil function and soil quality.[2] Soil organic matter percentage Soil organic matter proportion Soil organic matter percentage http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide Concentration of CO2 in the earth's atmosphere adapted from ECSO: ECSO_00000046 Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. This process causes carbon dioxide to warm the surface and lower atmosphere, while cooling the upper atmosphere. Near Surface Carbon Dioxide Concentration MOV CO2 Concentration in air Near Surface Carbon Dioxide Concentration MOV CO2 Concentration in air The rate at which Methane moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit area, time. ECSO_00000011 (Carbon Flux), adapted for Methane CH4 Flux Methane Flux CH4 Flux Methane Flux 2018-09-13T23:27:09Z carbon monoxide concentration The number of moles of a component divided by the total number of moles of a solution. 2018-09-13T23:28:44Z Mole fraction is a unit of concentration, defined to be equal to the number of moles of a component divided by the total number of moles of a solution. Because it is a ratio, mole fraction is a unitless expression. 'amount of substance' fraction molar density molar fraction mole density 'mole fraction' is a ratio of moles to moles mole fraction 'amount of substance' fraction molar density molar fraction mole density The number of moles of a component divided by the total number of moles of a solution. A mole fraction measurement with moles of carbon dioxide in the numerator. 2018-09-13T23:29:14Z mole fraction of Carbon Dioxide A mole fraction measurement with moles of carbon dioxide in the numerator. A carbon flux which is the rate at which carbon monoxide moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit area and time. 2018-09-13T23:29:47Z carbon monoxide flux A carbon compound concentration which consists of methane. 2018-09-13T23:30:33Z CH4 concentration methane concentration CH4 concentration 2018-09-13T23:30:45Z dissolved methane concentration A mole fraction of carbon dioxide measurement with the numerator being moles of carbon dioxide and the denominator being the total number of moles of air. 2018-09-13T23:32:21Z mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air A mole fraction of carbon dioxide measurement with the numerator being moles of carbon dioxide and the denominator being the total number of moles of air. 2018-09-13T23:33:01Z mole fraction of methane Ratio of the mass of a substance to the total mass of a mixture. With a denominator of 100, mass fraction can also be expressed as percentage by mass 2018-09-13T23:34:53Z mass fraction Ratio of the mass of a substance to the total mass of a mixture. With a denominator of 100, mass fraction can also be expressed as percentage by mass Ratio of the mass of carbon dioxide to the total mass of a mixture. 2018-09-13T23:35:03Z mass fraction of carbon dioxide Ratio of the mass of carbon dioxide to the total mass of a mixture. A mass fraction of carbon dioxide as measured by a LI-COR CO2 analyzer. LI-6251 CO2 Analyzer Operating and Service Manual Publication Number 8712-56, https://www.licor.com/documents/omn2x59g70lba7pyl1qm (accessed 2019-09-18) 2018-09-13T23:35:36Z mean LICOR weight fraction of carbon dioxide mean LI-COR weight fraction of carbon dioxide mean LICOR weight fraction of carbon dioxide 2018-09-13T23:42:53Z CH4 concentration in water methane concentration in water CH4 concentration in water 2018-09-13T23:43:45Z molar methane concentration The volume occupied by a mole of a substance moles/volume 2018-09-14T22:24:10Z molar density The volume occupied by a mole of a substance moles/volume The volume occupied by a mole of Carbon Dioxide gas. 2018-09-14T22:24:55Z molar density of carbon dioxide The volume occupied by a mole of Carbon Dioxide gas. any contrast of two quantities, one with another-- e.g. to express seeing 222 rabbits per every 10 coyotes, you could use: 222/10 222:10 22.2 2018-09-14T22:51:05Z ratio measurement type 2018-09-14T23:19:33Z dissolved carbon dioxide concentration Concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) , which is a broad classification for inorganic molecules of varied origin and composition within aquatic systems. The "dissolved" fraction of inorganic carbon is an operational classification. Many researchers use the term "dissolved" for compounds below 0.45 micrometers, but 0.22 micrometers is also common, saving colloidal for higher concentrations. A practical definition of dissolved typically used in marine chemistry is all substances that pass through a GF/F filter. 2018-09-14T23:21:23Z DIC Concentration dissolved inorganic carbon concentration DIC Concentration Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Concentration 2018-09-14T23:26:29Z mean weight fraction of carbon dioxide A carbon dioxide partial pressure measurement measured at the sea surface. 2018-09-14T23:51:42Z carbon dioxide partial pressure at sea surface 2018-09-14T23:53:40Z carbon dioxide weight fraction A partial pressure measurement of carbon dioxide gas. 2018-09-15T01:10:29Z carbon dioxide partial pressure 2018-09-15T01:12:54Z carbon dioxide concentration in soil 2018-09-15T01:16:49Z carbon to nitrogen mass ratio 2018-09-15T01:17:09Z carbon to nitrogen molar ratio 2018-09-15T01:18:52Z percent saturation of dissolved CH4 percent saturation of dissolved methane percent saturation of dissolved CH4 2018-09-15T01:21:37Z Carbon Proportion 2018-09-15T01:23:34Z carbon proportion in dry soil A concentration of inorganic carbon. 2018-09-15T01:25:14Z Inorganic carbon concentration 2018-09-15T01:28:58Z Organic carbon percentage 2018-09-15T01:29:08Z organic carbon percentage in soil 2018-09-15T01:36:12Z CH4 pressure Methane Pressure CH4 pressure A partial pressure measurement of methane gas. 2018-09-15T01:36:52Z methane partial pressure 2018-09-15T01:38:08Z CH4 concentration in soil methane concentration in soil CH4 concentration in soil A carbon concentration which consists of black carbon. 2018-09-27T22:47:20Z black carbon concentration A carbon concentration which consists of black carbon. 2018-09-27T22:49:47Z dissolved carbon to dissolved nitrogen ratio 2018-09-27T23:26:58Z age_MeasurementType 2018-09-27T23:27:18Z Age of Dissolved Organic Carbon 2018-09-27T23:59:08Z DOM dissolved organic material dissolved organic matter DOM dissolved organic material 2018-09-28T00:19:27Z slope measurement type 2018-09-28T00:19:46Z α photosynthetic efficiency examples of use of alpha photosynthetic efficiency were found in this article from 2016: doi: 10.1038/srep31193 alpha photosynthetic efficiency α photosynthetic efficiency 2018-09-28T00:19:46Z 2018-09-28T21:38:46Z β photosynthetic efficiency examples of use of beta photosynthetic efficiency were found in this article from 2016: doi: 10.1038/srep31193 beta photosynthetic efficiency β photosynthetic efficiency 2018-09-13T23:28:44Z 2018-09-28T21:47:42Z molar concentration 'mole concentration' is a ratio of moles to some volume mole concentration molar concentration 2018-09-28T22:05:17Z accumulation_rate_MeasurementType 2018-09-28T22:33:49Z carbon sequestration rate carbon storage rate Carbon accumulation rate carbon sequestration rate carbon storage rate 2018-09-28T22:59:06Z amount_MeasurementType 2018-09-28T22:59:28Z moles of carbon amount of carbon_MeasurementType moles of carbon 2018-09-28T23:01:21Z error MeasurementType The normalized version of d14C. 2018-10-18T23:34:51Z Delta C 14 Δ14C Note that this measurement uses the upper case Greek letter Delta (Δ). D14C Delta C 14 Δ14C The normalized version of d14C. A stable carbon isotope ratio, which is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C and 12C. 2018-10-18T23:36:02Z delta C 13 Note that this measurement uses the lowercase Greek letter delta (δ). d13C delta C 13 A stable carbon isotope ratio, which is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C and 12C. 2018-10-18T23:50:53Z Soil organic matter percentage 2018-10-18T23:59:34Z 14C age of CH4 14C age of methane 14C age of CH4 2018-10-19T00:00:52Z uncertainty in 14C age of CH4 uncertainty in 14C age of methane uncertainty in 14C age of CH4 2018-10-19T00:06:07Z adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molar concentration in water 2018-10-19T00:08:16Z carbon isotope ratio corrected for Suess effect 2018-10-19T00:08:16Z 2018-10-19T00:08:28Z carbon isotope ratio not corrected for Suess effect 2018-10-19T00:10:20Z uncertainty measurement type 2018-10-19T00:10:35Z CH4 uncertainty measurement Methane uncertainty measurement CH4 uncertainty measurement 2018-10-19T00:12:49Z mass density 2018-10-19T00:13:31Z CO2 mass density carbon dioxide mass density CO2 mass density 2018-10-19T00:06:07Z 2018-10-19T00:15:02Z 'uncertainty of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molar concentration in water' Electromagnetic radiation is the radiant energy released by certain electromagnetic processes. Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation; other familiar forms are invisible to the human eye, such as radio waves, infrared light and X-rays. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation since light can be either a wave or a particle, is it a material entity? for ECSO purposes, yes. electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation This is a "foster parent" class, for holding MTs that are not quite done. It is intended to be removed. 00_unclassified_measurementType 00_unclassified_measurementType 00 Unclassified Measurement Type the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole, or the ratio obtained in the contrast of two values, where the value of the numerator is added together with that of the contrasting value in the denominator proportion_measurementType proportion_measurementType Proportion Measurement Type Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight sunlight solar radiation solar radiation WordNet Temperature is measured with thermometers that may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales. Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0K = −273.15°C, or absolute zero. The basic unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI) is the kelvin. It has the symbol K. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature#Temperature_measurement the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity) Temperature Measurement Type temp temperature_measurementType temp temperature_measurementType Temperature Measurement Type The rate at which a mass or amount of carbon moves to or from a particular component across a surface of the ecosystem per unit time. Litton, C.M. et al. Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems. Global Change Biology. V 13 I 10. pp. 2089 - 2109. July 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Mass_transfer Carbon fluxes are the movement of Carbon from one place (Source) to another (Sink). Carbon fluxes all have dimensions of {mass or amount of} Carbon per area (or volume) per time. Biochemically-oriented projects use moles (e.g., for Stoichiometry) rather than kg to quantify the amount of Carbon, whereas Climate-oriented projects use kg. When a system contains two or more components whose concentration vary from point to point, there is a natural tendency for mass to be transferred, minimizing any concentration difference within the system. Mass Transfer in a system is governed by Fick's First Law: 'Diffusion flux from higher concentration to lower concentration is proportional to the gradient of the concentration of the substance and the diffusivity of the substance in the medium.' Mass Flux Carbon Flux mass transport, mass transfer Mass Flux Carbon Flux Carbon Flux Radiative flux is the amount of power radiated through a given area in the form of photons or other elementary particles, typically measured in W/m2. Radiative flux also acts as a generalization of heat flux, which is equal to the radiative flux when restricted to the infrared spectrum. When radiative flux is incident on a surface, it is often called irradiance. Flux emitted from a surface may be called radiant exitance or radiant emittance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Energy_transfer All processes in engineering involve the transfer of energy. Some examples are the heating and cooling of process streams, phase changes, distillations, etc. The basic principle is the first law of thermodynamics. The net flux of energy through a system equals the conductivity times the rate of change of temperature with respect to position. Energy Flux Flux Radiative Flux energy transport, energy transfer, radiative flux, radiative flux density, radiation flux, irradiance, radiant exitance, radiant emittance, energy transfer Energy Flux Flux Radiative Flux Radiative flux In momentum transfer, the fluid is treated as a continuous distribution of matter. The study of momentum transfer, or fluid mechanics can be divided into two branches: fluid statics (fluids at rest), and fluid dynamics (fluids in motion). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Momentum_transfer tau Momentum Flux momentum transfer tau Momentum Flux Momentum Flux AshWeight ash weight Soil Ash Weight gram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1115/1 Mass of the ash remaining from combustion of a dried sample, thus the inorganic content. Adapted from http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-09/970201967.Es.r.html Ash Weight Biomass Ash Weight Biomass Ash Weight Biomass n_fixation nitrogen fixation rate nitrogen fixation rate as integrated photic zone rates micromolPerLiterPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/299/1 Nitrogen fixation is a process in which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3). Atmospheric nitrogen or molecular dinitrogen (N2) is relatively inert: it does not easily react with other chemicals to form new compounds. The fixation process frees nitrogen atoms from their triply bonded diatomic form, N≡N, to be used in other ways. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation Nitrogen Fixation Rate Nitrogen Fixation Rate Nitrogen Fixation Rate Dry Bulk density (g/cm3) Dry bulk density gramsPerCubicCentimeter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.301.8/html Soil bulk density is a property used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel) defined as the mass of many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_density mass density numerator and denominator same entity Soil Bulk Density Soil Bulk Density Soil Bulk Density agb "agb" is the standing above ground biomass of each measured stem, given by the formula: AGB = 0.0673 x (ρD²H) 0.976 kilogram www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/tucker.17.15/html The total amount or weight, or energy content, of (a portion of) organisms existing in a specific area at a particular time below a ground surface. Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Standing_crop Belowground Standing Biomass Belowground Biomass Belowground Standing Biomass Belowground Biomass Belowground Biomass Water content can be directly measured using a known volume of the material, and a drying oven. Volumetric water content is calculated via the volume of water and the masses of water sample before and after drying in the oven. For materials that change in volume with water content, such as coal, the water content is expressed in terms of the mass of water per unit mass of the moist specimen. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content#Measurement moisture water content Volumetric Water Content Method Volumetric Water Content Method In a combustion analyzer, half of the sample is injected into a chamber where it is acidified, usually with phosphoric acid, to turn all of the inorganic carbon into carbon dioxide. This is then sent to a detector for measurement. The other half of the sample is injected into a combustion chamber which is raised to between 600–700 °C, some even up to 1200 °C. Here, all the carbon reacts with oxygen, forming carbon dioxide. It's then flushed into a cooling chamber, and finally into the detector. Usually, the detector used is a non-dispersive infrared spectrophotometer. By finding the total inorganic carbon and subtracting it from the total carbon content, the amount of organic carbon is determined. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Combustion High Temperature Combustion High Temperature Combustion WordNet Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass plant materials and animal waste used as fuel biomatter biomass aboveground biomass biomatter biomass Biomass Temporal Rate Temporal Rate MIN_N Concentration ammoniom after incubaton at 40 deg C for 7 days (dry weight basis) dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7 NH4, ammonium, concentration of ammonium https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/10/21 Ammonium (NH4) is the form of ammonia (NH3) typically found in water (aquatic environments, soil porewater). It is a postively charged cation. Ammonium is a source of nitrogen for plants, algae and phytoplankton. Adapted from http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/nutrient-management/nitrogen/understanding-nitrogen-in-soils/ NH4 concentration Ammonium Concentration NH4 concentration Ammonium Concentration Ammonium Concentration Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area area_MeasurementType area_MeasurementType Area Measurement Type toc total organic carbon total organic carbon milligramPerLiter urn:node:GLEON Concentration of material derived from decaying vegetation, bacterial growth, and metabolic activities of living organisms or chemicals Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Measurement TOC Aquatic Total Organic Carbon Concentration TOC Aquatic Total Organic Carbon Concentration Aquatic Total Organic Carbon Concentration WordNet Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume Mole ratio Concentration Diluting Mole ratio Concentration Concentration Flux Flux dic dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved inorganic carbon milligramPerLiter urn:node:GLEON An aquatic inorganic carbon concentration which is the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution in freshwater. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon DIC The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate.[1] It is customary to express carbon dioxide and carbonic acid simultaneously as CO2* . Total DIC is a key parameter when making measurements related to the pH of natural aqueous systems,[2] and carbon dioxide flux estimates. Freshwater Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration DIC Freshwater Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration Freshwater Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration Ai rate Net Assimilation Rate microMolesPerMetersSquaredPerSecond urn:node:LTER the rate of increase of dry weight per unit of leaf area http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v200/n4908/abs/200814a0.html Confirm: Not sure what to do with these. in our corpus, there is only only one dataset with this measurement (https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1150/1) It seems like it is a Specific production rate, but we have not decided how to model these combinations of existing measurement types Net Assimilation Rate Flux Net Assimilation Rate Flux Net Assimilation Rate Flux doc dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic carbon milligramPerLiter s_DOC surface stream organic carbon milligramsPerLiter w_DOC shallow riparian groundwater organic urn:node:GLEON Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) , which is a broad classification for organic molecules of varied origin and composition within aquatic systems. The "dissolved" fraction of organic carbon is an operational classification. Many researchers use the term "dissolved" for compounds below 0.45 micrometers, but 0.22 micrometers is also common, saving colloidal for higher concentrations. A practical definition of dissolved typically used in marine chemistry is all substances that pass through a GF/F filter. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolved_organic_carbon DOC DOC Concentration DOC concentration Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration DOC DOC Concentration DOC concentration Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration HCO3_CO2calc_output HCO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of bicarbonate ion micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER Concentration of carbonate in sea water, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3 Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate marine CO3 concentration marine carbonate concentration seawater CO3 concentration seawater carbonate concentration Oceanic Carbonate Concentration marine CO3 concentration marine carbonate concentration seawater CO3 concentration seawater carbonate concentration Oceanic Carbonate Concentration Oceanic Carbonate Concentration total_c Total carbon Percentage urn:node:TERN Proportion of a sample that is carbon, normalized to a denominator of 100. percent carbon Carbon Percentage percent carbon Carbon Percentage Carbon Percentage A carbon accumulation rate for carbon expressed relative to the amount of carbon originally present. Net_Carbon_Production rate Periphyton Net carbon production milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3 e.g, carbon produced per carbon present Carbon Specific Net Production Rate Carbon Specific Net Production Rate Carbon Specific Net Production Rate Net_Respiration rate Periphyton Net carbon respiration milligramsPerGramPerHour urn:node:LTER Carbon respiration (also called carbon emissions and carbon releases) is used in combination with carbon fixation to gauge carbon flux (as CO2) between atmospheric carbon and the global carbon cycle. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_respiration Net Carbon Respiration Rate Flux Net Carbon Respiration Rate Flux Net Carbon Respiration Rate Flux POC [umol/l] particulate organic carbon concentration of POC from CHN analysis micromolePerLiter s_extOC surface soil extractable organic Carbon in mg per kg dry urn:node:LTER Concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) is the concentration of amount of carbon found in an organic compound Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon Organic Carbon Concentration, in Water TOC e.g, Sum of dissolved and particulate carbon. Organic Carbon Concentration in Water TOC Organic Carbon Concentration in Water Organic Carbon Concentration, in Water CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion, micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER Concentration of bicarbonate in sea water serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate Oceanic Bicarbonate Concentration Oceanic Bicarbonate Concentration Oceanic Bicarbonate Concentration CO2_CO2calc_output CO2, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentraiton of CO2,; micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER Concentration of carbon dioxide in sea water, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide Oceanic CO2 Concentration Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Concentration Oceanic CO2 Concentration Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Concentration Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Concentration coupledvegCchange coupledvegCchange coupled vegetation Carbon change dimensionless (coupled/uncoupled) urn:node:LTER Change in carbon percentage of vegetation, which are assemblages of plant species and the ground cover they provide. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetation Vegetation Carbon Change Percentage Vegetation Carbon Change Percentage Vegetation Carbon Change Percentage coupledsoilCchange coupledsoilCchange coupled soil Carbon change dimensionless (coupled/uncoupled) urn:node:LTER Soil carbon change percentage includes change of both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon Soil Carbon Change Percentage Soil Carbon Change Percentage Soil Carbon Change Percentage agb "agb" is the standing above ground biomass of each measured stem, given by the formula: AGB = 0.0673 x (ρD²H) 0.976 kilogram www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/tucker.17.15/html The total amount or weight, or energy content, of (a portion of) organisms existing in a specific area at a particular time. In plants, the standing crop pertains to the amount of plant material harvested by normal procedures, and may not necessarily include the entire plant. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Standing_crop Aboveground Standing Biomass standing biomass Aboveground Biomass Aboveground Standing Biomass standing biomass Aboveground Biomass Aboveground Biomass Growth_rate_carbon Growth rate, carbon The seasonal growth rate of M. pyrifera carbon mass (day-1). This variable is calculated as the growth rate necessary to explain the observed change in biomass during each period, given the initial biomass and the independently measured loss rates (see Section I.B Equation 1). Growth rates for all days in each season are averaged. reciprocalDay urn:node:LTER The rate, or speed, at which the number of organisms in a population increases. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Growth_rate Growth Rate Growth Rate Growth Rate npp Net primary production (g m-2 yr-1) dimensionless this is one that needs the NPP in plant weight, not carbon. doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.347.3 Net primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide accountig for losses to processes such as cellular respiration. Biomass flux is the change in biomass over a given area over time. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production Net Primary Production Biomass Flux Net Primary Production Biomass Flux Net Primary Production Biomass Flux C_to_N Ratio of Carbon to Nitrogen dimensionless urn:node:LTER Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in a substance. It can, amongst other things, be used in analysing sediments and compost. A useful application for C/N ratios is as a proxy for paleoclimate research, having different uses whether the sediment cores are terrestrial-based or marine-based. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios are an indicator for nitrogen limitation of plants and other organisms and can identify whether molecules found in the sediment under study come from land-based or algal plants. Further, they can distinguish between different land-based plants, depending on the type of photosynthesis they undergo. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio C to N Ratio Carbon-nitrogen ratio Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio C to N Ratio Carbon-nitrogen ratio Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio biomass Biomass Wet weight (kg) of kelp canopy in the pixel (900 meter squared) kilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/54/6 The biomass is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it. Adapted from http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm Fresh Weight Wet Weight Biomass Fresh Weight Wet Weight Biomass Wet Weight Biomass Evap Daily evapottranspiration in mm millimeter peggym.110159.2 Height of transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration Transpiration Height Transpiration Height Transpiration Height Counting is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of objects. The traditional way of counting consists of continually increasing a (mental or spoken) counter by a unit for every element of the set, in some order, while marking (or displacing) those elements to avoid visiting the same element more than once, until no unmarked elements are left; if the counter was set to one after the first object, the value after visiting the final object gives the desired number of elements. The related term enumeration refers to uniquely identifying the elements of a finite (combinatorial) set or infinite set by assigning a number to each element. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting Count count dimensionless doi:10.5063/AA/gtg488d.4.1 count_MeasurementType count_MeasurementType Count Measurement Type carbonStableIsotopeRatio Carbon SI ratio Carbon stable isotope ratio of the bulk sample in standard delta units relative to VPDB to the nearest 0.1 Ratio urn:node:GOA An isotopic signature is a ratio of non-radiogenic 'stable isotopes', stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes of particular elements in an investigated material. The ratios of isotopes in a sample material are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The atomic mass of different isotopes affect their chemical kinetic behavior, leading to natural isotope separation processes. For example, different sources and sinks of methane have different affinity for the 12C and 13C isotopes, which allows distinguishing between different sources by the 13C/12C ratio in methane in the air. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_signature#Carbon_isotopes Carbon Isotope Ratio Carbon SI Ratio Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio Carbon Isotope Ratio Carbon SI Ratio Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio wtC Carbon Weight Weight of carbon in sample dimensionless df35b.161.4 Amount of carbon present in biomass Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass Carbon Weight Carbon Biomass Carbon Weight Carbon Biomass Carbon Biomass Total soil nitrogen (mg/kg) Total soil nitrogen (mg/kg) milligramsPerKilogram urn:node:LTER total amount of nitrogen (usually mass) per volume of soil Total soil N Total Soil Nitrogen Concentration Total soil N Total Soil Nitrogen Concentration Total Soil Nitrogen Concentration Percent_N Percent Nitrogen dimensionless urn:node:KNB Percentage of a sample that is nitrogen Nitrogen Percentage Nitrogen Percentage Nitrogen Percentage Freshwater Freshwater Browse biomass (g DM_m-1) Browse biomass (g DM.m-1) dimensionless judithk.109849.2 Preferred biomass (g DM_m-1) Preferred biomass (g DM.m-1) dimensionless judithk.109849.2 Biomass excluding non-plants per unit area at a given time. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) Plant Material Biomass Density Plant Material Biomass Density Plant Material Biomass Density Stem/branch/foliage biomass Stem/branch/foliage biomass kilogram cmchiu.135.2 Biomass excluding non-plants Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) Plant Material Biomass Plant Material Biomass Plant Material Biomass salmonBM2005 Salmon Biomass 05 Salmon Biomass in 2005 kilogramsPerSquareMeter df35b.159.6 Biomass excluding plants per unit area at a given time. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) Non-Plant Material Biomass Density Non-Plant Material Biomass Density Non-Plant Material Biomass Density basSpawnBM2004 Basin Spawner Biomass 2004 Basin spawner biomass in 2004 in metric tons tonne df35b.159.6 Biomass excluding plants Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) Non-Plant Material Biomass Non-Plant Material Biomass Non-Plant Material Biomass Column 12 Halodule Biomass (g AFDW) of Halodule leaves and rhizomes dimensionless (where AFDW is ash-free dry weight) doi:10.5063/AA/hstuar01.6.3 The dry mass of a biomass sample or of an object when completely dried (lacks or excluding water). Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass Ash Free Dry Weight Biomass Ash Free Dry Weight Biomass Ash Free Dry Weight Biomass fert_area measurement area of the experimental unit : m² for fertilization manipulation squareMeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.347.3 a selected subset of a population over the extent of a surface; a sample may be random or nonrandom; representative or nonrepresentative http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrat http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Area http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Sample quadrat Sampling Site Area quadrat Sampling Site Area Sampling Site Area DryWeight dry weight X Dry Weight gram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1115/1 The weight of dry biomass matter when completely dried (lacks or excluding water). http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass Dry Weight Dry Weight Biomass Dry Weight Dry Weight Biomass Dry Weight Biomass Ocean Ocean LAI Leaf Area Index number www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.377.4/html Leaf area index (LAI) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2) in broadleaf canopies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_area_index LAI Leaf Area Index LAI Leaf Area Index Leaf Area Index An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, physical [countable] object (or class thereof), or physical [noncountable] substance (or class thereof). The abbreviation ID often refers to identity, identification (the process of identifying), or an identifier (that is, an instance of identification). An identifier may be a word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination of those. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifier ID Identifier Identity ID Identifier Identity Identity pH_tot_insitu in situ pH, Total scale seaFET pH, Total scale (CO2calc input) dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/6004/1 pH of water is based on a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. More precisely it is the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the activity of the hydrogen ion. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Pure water is neutral, being neither an acid nor a base. Contrary to popular belief, the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH pH ph Water pH pH ph Water pH Water pH LeafNum density Number of Thalassia testudinum Leaves Per Short Shoot leafnumberPerShortShoot https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1130/2 Number density is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects in a given physical space. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_density number density Confirm: if OBOE class ArealDensity is for physical (material) measuements, then we need a different characteristics for this class, eg, analogous to biomass_density. Count Density number density Count Density Count Density potemp00 potential temperature from first sensor pair Temperature after the effects of compression have been removed. Defined as the temperature of a parcel of water at the sea surface after it has been raised adiabatically from some depth in the ocean celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6 The potential temperature of a parcel of fluid at pressure is the temperature that the parcel would acquire if adiabatically brought to a standard reference pressure, usually 1000 millibars. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_temperature Potential Temperature Potential Temperature Potential Temperature WaterLevel water level water level centimetersPerDay https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1098/3 Rate of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Precipitation Rate Precipitation Rate Precipitation Rate Humidity in % Humidity in % dimensionless peggym.109987.2 Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor, is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Unlike other forms of water, water vapor is invisible. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation. It is lighter than air and triggers convection currents that can lead to clouds. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor Air Humidity humidity Air Moisture Percentage Air Humidity humidity Air Moisture Percentage Air Moisture Percentage Salinity salinity Composite salinity PSU (practical salinity unit) doi:10.6073/AA/knb-lter-fce.39.5 Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water (see also soil salinity). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity Salinity salinity Water Salinity Salinity salinity Water Salinity Water Salinity Soil_Salinity_Porewater Porewater salinity calculated from soil sample dry weight and salinity of supernatant after resuspension in water dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/433/8 Concentration of soil salinity, the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean. It can also come about through artificial processes such as irrigation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_salinity Soil Porewater Salinity Concentration Soil Porewater Salinity Concentration Soil Porewater Salinity Concentration col_4144 CephalopVol biomass milliliterPerThousandCubicMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pal/212/1 The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density of biomass per unit volume. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Confirm: This class may be deprecated, or transformed somehow for use in population measurements. For now, only one dataset in the corpus uses it, for a common representation of abundance, for groups of organisms. (https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pal/212/1) Volume Fraction Biomass Concentration Volume Fraction Biomass Concentration temporal_MeasurementType temporal_MeasurementType Temporal Measurement Type The quantity, amount, weight, etc or things in a given area or space, ie, where the numerator and denominator are different entities. If the numerator and denominator are the same entity, then this would be a measurement of material density (of a 2-dimensional object), eg, as in physics. General definition: https://www.google.com/#q=define+density Physics definition: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density There could be a subclass for a material's areal density that measuresCharacterstic only ArealDensity areal_density_MeasurementType areal_density_MeasurementType Areal Density Measurement Type OBSERVATION animal density of Cymatogaster aggregata numberPerMeterSquared https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/5556/2 Number of non-plant material entities (i.e. animals, fungi) per unit area at a given time Non-Plant Material Count Aerial Density Non-Plant Material Count Aerial Density Non-Plant Material Count Aerial Density AESPRA Plant density Aeschynomene pratensis numberPerMeterSquared taxa:Aeschynomene_pratensis Number of plant material entities (i.e. trees, plant parts) per unit area at a given time Plant Material Count Aerial Density Plant Material Count Aerial Density Plant Material Count Aerial Density roadDens_BUFR Density of roads within the buffer. Derived using methods of Pechenick et al. 2014 (km^-1) dimensionless cgries.16.1 Number of built feature entities (i.e. roads, bridges) per unit area at a given time Built Feature Count Aerial Density Built Feature Count Aerial Density Built Feature Count Aerial Density avg/m2 mean litterfall gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/8/18 Mass of undecomposed biomass material found on the forest floor per unit area at a given time. Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Litter Litter Biomass Density decomposition detritus leaf litter Litter Biomass Density Litter Biomass Density Mean_Higher_High_Water Mean higher-high water based on historic station datum meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/249/33 Height of tides, which are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide Tide Height Tide Height Tide Height Mean Sea Level Mean Monthly Sea Level Mean Monthly Sea Level meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1059/3 Height of sea level, which is generally used to refer to mean sea level (MSL), an average level for the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level Sea Level Height Sea Level Height Sea Level Height Evap Daily evapottranspiration in mm millimeter peggym.110155.3 Height of water, which is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of organisms. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water Water Height Evapotranspiration Water Height Water Height Wave_Height Wave-height in meters df35d.398.6 The wave height of a surface wave is the difference between the elevations of a crest and a neighbouring trough. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_height Wave Height Wave Height Wave Height Body_Length Body Length (mm) millimeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.919.3 Length of an entity that is not a plant (i.e. body length of a specimen) Non-Plant Material Length Non-Plant Material Length Non-Plant Material Length 1 Difference/Dry weight proportion of water in soil sample dimensionless judithk.1264.2 Soil is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it. Adapted from http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm Soil Wet Mass Soil Wet Weight Soil Wet Mass Soil Wet Weight Soil Wet Weight Woody N Pool Woody N Pool Woody N Pool gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/344/16 Mass of nitrogen in biomass per unit area at a given time. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) Nitrogen Pool Biomass Density Nitrogen Biomass Density Nitrogen Pool Biomass Density Nitrogen Biomass Density Nitrogen Biomass Density Woody C Pool Woody C Pool Woody C Pool gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/344/16 The total mass per area of all carbon in living material in a specific area, habitat, or region. Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biomass Carbon Pool Biomass Density Carbon Biomass Density Carbon Pool Biomass Density Carbon Biomass Density Carbon Biomass Density Interval of time representing duration of observation Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time duration time interval Time Step duration time interval Time Step Time Step Dry_m2 Dry Mass Dry mass density derived from estimates of density or percent cover and laboratory estimates of taxa dry mass. gramPerMeterSquared https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/49/8 The dry matter of a sample or of an object when completely dried (lacks or excluding water) per area Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass Dry Mass Density Dry Mass Density Dry Mass Density Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure pressure_MeasurementType pressure_MeasurementType Pressure Measurement Type Pa Air Pressure pascal ark:/90135/q17s7kq7/1/mrt-eml.xml Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet). In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure Atmospheric Pressure barometric pressure Air Pressure Atmospheric Pressure barometric pressure Air Pressure Air Pressure Pressure [db] pressure center of the pressure averaging interval decibar https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6 Pressure of seawater, or salt water, which is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, or 599 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one litre by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions). Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater Seawater Pressure Seawater Pressure Seawater Pressure N_OBSERVED number of observations actually observed in a sample number https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/3114/2 Counting entities within a sample is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of entities constrained within a sample. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting abundance count Sample Count abundance count Sample Count Sample Count Average number of live pupae per mature tree based on average number of pupae per square meter (surface area excavated) and assuming that pupae are found around each mopane tree to a radius of 1.25m (calculation made on sheet 3: Hole specs and density calcs). dimensionless judithk.1287.1 Counting entities is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of entities. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting count Entity Count count Entity Count Entity Count OBSERVATION plant cover of Dasyochloa pulchella (low woollygrass) percent https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/15283/2 The abundances of plant species are often measured by plant cover, i.e. the relative area covered by different plant species in a small plot. Plant cover is not biased by the size and distributions of individuals, and is an important and often measured characteristic of the composition of plant communities. Plant cover data may be used to classify the studied plant community into a vegetation type, to test different ecological hypothesis on plant abundance, and in gradient studies, where the effects of different environmental gradients on the abundance of specific plant species are investigated. The most common way to measure plant cover in herbal plant communities, is to make a visual assessment of the relative area covered by the different species in a small plot (see quadrat). Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cover Aerial Cover Percentage ground cover Aerial Cover Percentage Aerial Cover Percentage CC (%) Percentage crown cover Percentage www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.635.9/html Crown cover is the proportion of a stand covered by the crowns of live trees. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_closure Crown Cover Crown Cover Percentage Crown Cover Crown Cover Percentage Crown Cover Percentage %CC Percentage canopy cover of a single plot, calculated with a supervisd classification with maximum likelihood classifier(IDRISI GIS) on the area of an experimental burn plot dimensionless judithk.173.7 Percentage cover of canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology) Canopy Percentage Canopy Percentage Canopy Percentage A name is a term used for identification. Names can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual human. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning also) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or a scientist can give an element a name. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name Name Name Name N1 Proportion of individuals sampled who were in the naupliar 1 stage number ark:/90135/q13j39xf/4/mrt-eml.xml A data sample is a set of data collected and/or selected from a statistical population about entities by a defined procedure. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_(statistics) Sampled Individuals Proportion Sampled Individuals Proportion Sampled Individuals Proportion PCT_WETLAND_BUFR Percent of buffer area as Wetlands (Woody + Herbaceous) squareKilometers cgries.16.1 An area, such as a quadrat sample, can be used to measure the percentage cover of an entity, such as a certain species Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area Adapted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrat Area Percentage Area Percentage Area Percentage A carbon accumulation rate expressed relative to the amount of carbon originally present (e.g, carbon produced per carbon present). units typical for this kind of measurement are milligramsPerGramPerHour e.g, see these attributes and dataset: GrossProductionPerMass rate Periphyton Gross Production per Mass https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3 Carbon Specific Gross Production Rate Carbon Specific Gross Production Rate Carbon Specific Gross Production Rate OBSERVATION plant cover of Carex percent https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/2645/2 Percentage of plant cover, which is the relative area covered by different plant species in a small plot. Plant cover is not biased by the size and distributions of individuals, and is an important and often measured characteristic of the composition of plant communities. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cover Plant Cover Percentage Plant Cover Percentage Plant Cover Percentage The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density mass_density_MeasurementType mass_density_MeasurementType Mass Density Measurement Type density density of animals density of animals per liter numberPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/79/4 The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is a characteristic, such as mass or count, per unit volume. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density volumetric_density_MeasurementType volumetric_density_MeasurementType Volumetric Density Measurement Type cal_sp_ls Average biomass (mg C m-3) of calanoid copepodites and adults during Spring (March-May) in the low salinity zone (0.5-10 ppt) dimensionless doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.958.8 The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density of biomass per unit volume. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density abundance richness Biomass Volumetric Density abundance richness Biomass Volumetric Density Biomass Volumetric Density density number per liter number per liter summed over sex and stage and volumetrically integrated over the water column numberPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/37/11 The density, or more precisely, the volumetric count density of entities per unit volume. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Number Volumetric Density Number Volumetric Density Number Volumetric Density total_biomass total biomass of taxon total biomass of taxon milligramPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/79/4 Abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture, or concentration, of biomass, which is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration Biomass Concentration Biomass Concentration Biomass Concentration waterdepth depth below water surface in meter meter cgries.23.1 Depth of water, which is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of organisms. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water Water Depth Water Depth Water Depth Bot_ Depth [m] Bot. Depth [m] depth to the bottom at this station, column required by ODV meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6 Depth in a sea, which is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea Sea Depth Seawater Depth Sea Depth Seawater Depth Seawater Depth Mean snow depth Irkutsk - boulder Snow & Ice data Snow depth in cm at Irkutsk Weather station Snow depth in cm at Irkutsk station in the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Historical Soviet Daily Snow Depth - version 2.0 centimeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.290.8 Depth of snow, which is precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls from clouds Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow Snow Depth precipitation snowpack Snow Depth Snow Depth depth_ned lake depth lake depth derived from National Elevation Dataset meter ben.1.1 Depth of a lake, which is an area of variable size filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake Lake Depth Lake Depth Lake Depth depth Depth range of layer centimeter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.182.10/html Depth of soil, which is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil Soil Depth Soil Depth Soil Depth The disc is mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly down in the water. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secchi_disk Secchi Depth Method Secchi Depth Method LITTER Letter depth centimeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7 The depth of dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that have fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O horizon ("O" for "organic"). Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_litter Litter Depth decomposition detritus leaf litter Litter Depth Litter Depth Active_Layer (cm) Active_Layer (cm) Active layer depth for the day of the measurement (in cm) centimeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/190/20 In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. In all climates, whether they contain permafrost or not, the temperature in the lower levels of the soil will remain more stable than that at the surface, where the influence of the ambient temperature is greatest. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer Active Layer Thickness Soil Active Layer Depth Active Layer Thickness Soil Active Layer Depth Soil Active Layer Depth NPP net primary productivity Net primary productivity milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1087/3 Net primary production (NPP) flux that relative to another mass (or other measurement of amount, eg, leaf area, plant wet weight) that primary producers create in a given length of time over a given area Net primary production flux is the rate at which all the plants in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy, in this case, relative to another mass (usually of the same plant) Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#Gross_primary_production_and_net_primary_production Carbon in the numerator (weight or moles) and measured weight (in weight or moles) in both the numerator and denominator Specific Net Production Flux Specific Net Production Flux Specific Net Production Flux Logger 1 (tide gauge) Dc (m) Logger 1 (tide gauge) Dc (m) Depth of water (in m) above creek bottom relative to the tide gauge meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pie/161/3 Depth of a stream, which is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream Stream Depth Stream Depth Stream Depth SBAS3_BR_80 readings (mm). actual water level below ground surface millimeter judithk.1716.4 Depth of groundwater (or ground water), which is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater Groundwater Depth Groundwater Depth Groundwater Depth ActualCrown Actual crown diameter centimeter judithk.1060.2 Diameter of the crown of a tree, which consists of the mass of foliage and branches growing outward from the trunk of the tree. The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown, taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_crown_measurement Crown Diameter Tree Crown Diameter Crown Diameter Tree Crown Diameter Tree Crown Diameter Canopy_diam1 First diagonal of the canopy diameter meter judithk.1000.13 Diameter of the canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology) Canopy Diameter Tree Canopy Diameter Canopy Diameter Tree Canopy Diameter Tree Canopy Diameter G1 G1 Ground heat flux wattPerMeterSquared knb-lter-arc.20005.1 Ground heat flux is the process where heat energy is transferred from the Earth’s surface to the subsurface of the Earth via conduction. It is an important component of the Earth’s surface energy budget. Ground heat flux can be presented by the amount of heat transmitted per unit of area per unit of time. http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings/parameters/ground_heat_flux.shtml soil heat flux Ground Heat Flux soil heat flux Ground Heat Flux Ground Heat Flux A tag number provides an alphanumeric string of characters to refer to an entity. A TagNumber is typically used to uniquely identify an entity such as a sample or an individual specimen such as a tree or a rock sample. Adapted from OBOE definition of tag number Tag Tag Number Tag Tag Number Tag Number LE LE Latent heat flux wattPerMeterSquared knb-lter-arc.20005.1 Latent heat flux is the flux of heat from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere that is associated with evaporation of water at the surface and subsequent condensation of water vapor in the troposphere. It is an important component of Earth's surface energy budget. Latent heat flux is commonly measured with the Bowen ratio technique, or by eddy covariance. http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings/parameters/latent_heat_flux.shtml Latent Heat Flux Latent Heat Flux Latent Heat Flux Canopy cover The furthest distance of the canopy reach from the base of the tree (m). meter judithk.1256.3 Height of the canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology) Canopy Height Tree Canopy Height Canopy Height Tree Canopy Height Tree Canopy Height Crown length (m) Crown length meter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.628.7/html Height of the crown of a tree, which consists of the mass of foliage and branches growing outward from the trunk of the tree. The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown, taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_crown_measurement Tree Crown Height Tree Crown Height Crown Height Tree Crown Height h1 Stem 1 height meter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.116.9/html Height of a physical entity that is a plant or part of a plant (i.e. tree trunk height) Plant Material Height Plant Material Height Plant Material Height Rain Total daily rainfall in mm millimeter peggym.110130.3 Height of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and "precipitates". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Precipitation Height Precipitation Height Precipitation Height fCO2_CO2calc_input fCO2, measured (microatm) Fugosity of CO2 (measured), in saturated air at equilibrium with water in microatmospheres (CO2calc input) microatmosphere https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1 Pressure of carbon dioxide gas, which is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide Carbon Dioxide Pressure Carbon Dioxide Pressure Carbon Dioxide Pressure Ta Air Temperature celsius ark:/90135/q17s7kq7/1/mrt-eml.xml Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of air Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Air Temperature Air Temperature Air Temperature T00 water temperature, from primary sensor ITS-90, based on International Temperature Scale of 1990 celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6 Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water in sea Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Seawater Temperature Seawater Temperature T00 water temperature, from primary sensor ITS-90, based on International Temperature Scale of 1990 celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1007/6 Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Water Temperature Water Temperature Water Temperature temperature temperature celsius doi:10.5063/AA/Jinyuntang.15.5 Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of peat Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Peat Temperature Peat Temperature Peat Temperature avg_grndt average ground temperature celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/68/21 Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of ground Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Ground Temperature Ground Temperature Ground Temperature s_temp soil temperature at 10 cm depth celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/130/13 Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of soil Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Soil Temperature Soil Temperature Soil Temperature meanT_1m Seasonal (June to October) mean temperature for the 1 meter stratum celsius df35d.362.10 Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water in lake Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature lake water temperature Lake Temperature Lake Temperature GrossProductionPerMass rate Periphyton Gross Production per Mass milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3 Gross primary production (GPP) flux that relative to another mass (or other measurement of amount, eg, leaf area, plant wet weight) that primary producers create in a given length of time over a given area Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#Gross_primary_production_and_net_primary_production Carbon in the numerator (weight or moles) and measured weight (in weight or moles) in both the numerator and denominator. For example, carbon or some other material can be in the numerator. Specific Gross Production Flux Specific Gross Production Flux Specific Gross Production Flux Wind speed Wind speed metersPerSecond peggym.109987.2 The speed of wind is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity Wind measurements are usually reported in two parts: speed and direction. Velocity is direction-aware, so would be a combined form of these (the OBOE observation). A measurement of a wind vector would be wind velocity, and would need a new class. Wind Speed Wind Speed Wind Speed XVEL velocity water velocity in x direction centimetersPerSecond https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1135/1 The velocity of water is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity Water Velocity Water Velocity Water Velocity E_Vel_02_5m_bin E_Vel_02.5m_bin adcp, east velocity, 02.5m up from bottom, westward values are negative meterPerSecond https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/2005/15 The velocity of sea water is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity Seawater Velocity Seawater Velocity Seawater Velocity Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume volume_measurementType volume_measurementType Volume Measurement Type Total_Precipitation Volume Volume of total precipitation in bucket milliliter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1067/3 Volume of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Precipitation Volume Precipitation Volume Precipitation Volume TrWidth Transect width Width of transect, typically 300m (150m on each side and in front of vessel) meter jstocking.3.4 Width of a physical abiotic entity (i.e. width of a stream) Physical Feature Width Physical Feature Width Physical Feature Width Weight1dry weight of soil sample after drying in an oven for 24 hours. dimensionless judithk.1264.2 Weight of soil dried at 105 °C until no further water loss takes place Adapted from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+mass Soil Dry Mass Soil Dry Weight Soil Dry Mass Soil Dry Weight Soil Dry Weight mass is a property of a physical body. It is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. It also determines the strength of its mutual gravitational attraction to other bodies. In the theory of relativity a related concept is the mass–energy content of a system. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295 mass_measurementType mass_measurementType Mass Measurement Type Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll The concentration of chlorophyll, which are related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. to do: delete extra string. Chlorophyll Concentration Chlorophyll Concentration Chlorophyll Concentration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen Concentration of oxygen, which is a chemical element that is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as other compounds http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen Free oxygen also occurs in solution in the world's water bodies. The increased solubility of O2 at lower temperatures has important implications for ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density of life due to their higher oxygen content. Water polluted with plant nutrients such as nitrates or phosphates may stimulate growth of algae by a process called eutrophication and the decay of these organisms and other biomaterials may reduce the O2 content in eutrophic water bodies. Scientists assess this aspect of water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand, or the amount of O2 needed to restore it to a normal concentration. Dissolved Oxygen Concentration O2 concentration Oxygen Concentration Dissolved Oxygen Concentration O2 concentration Oxygen Concentration Oxygen Concentration Concentration of pheophytin, which is chemical compound that serves as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of photosystem II (PS II) in plants, and the photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin Phaeophytin Concentration Pheo Concentration Structurally, phaeophytin is a chlorophyll molecule without the central magnesium ion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin Pheophytin Concentration Phaeophytin Concentration Pheo Concentration Pheophytin Concentration Pheophytin Concentration Depth Depth Depth Diameter Diameter Height Length Width Circumference Circumference Flux where the units of the numerator include mass and units of the denominator include mass (or some other measurement of 'amount', eg leaf area) in addition to flux units of area and time The addition of grams in the denominator makes it a specific flux (i.e. gC/(g DW * t * m^2)) Specific Flux Specific Flux Specific Flux Net_Respiration rate Periphyton Net carbon respiration milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3 Ecosystem respiration flux is the respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem over a given area, relative to some other measure of those organisms. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration Specific Respiration Flux Specific Respiration Flux Specific Respiration Flux An absorbance measurement of the optically measurable component of dissolved organic matter in water. 2018-09-26T20:06:57Z CDOM absorbance colored dissolved organic matter absorbance chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance CDOM absorbance colored dissolved organic matter absorbance An absorbance measurement of the optically measurable component of dissolved organic matter in water. 2018-09-26T20:10:17Z CDOM absorbance ratio colored dissolved organic matter absorbance ratio chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance ratio CDOM absorbance ratio colored dissolved organic matter absorbance ratio An absorbance measurement type which is the absorbance of ultraviolet light in a water sample at a specified wavelength normalized for a dissolved organic carbon concentration. 2018-09-26T20:31:40Z SUVA specific UV absorbance specific ultraviolet absorbance SUVA specific UV absorbance An absorbance measurement type which is the absorbance of ultraviolet light in a water sample at a specified wavelength normalized for a dissolved organic carbon concentration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_ultraviolet_absorbance 2018-09-26T20:34:30Z SUVA of colored dissolved organic matter at wavelength 254 nm specific UV absorbance of CDOM at wavelength 254 nm specific ultraviolet absorbance of chromophoric dissolved organic matter at wavelength 254 nm SUVA of CDOM at wavelength 254 nm SUVA of colored dissolved organic matter at wavelength 254 nm specific UV absorbance of CDOM at wavelength 254 nm specific ultraviolet absorbance of chromophoric dissolved organic matter at wavelength 254 nm 2018-09-26T20:35:31Z absorbance measurement type 2018-09-27T22:45:21Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 250 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 250 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 250 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 250 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 250 nm 2018-09-27T22:50:29Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 254 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 254 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 254 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 254 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 254 nm 2018-09-27T22:52:55Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 350 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 350 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 350 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 350 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 350 nm 2018-09-28T16:59:03Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 365 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 365 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 365 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 365 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 365 nm 2018-09-28T17:02:26Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 375 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 375 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 375 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 375 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 375 nm 2018-09-28T17:14:07Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 412 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 412 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 412 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 412 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 412 nm 2018-09-28T17:18:00Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 440 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 440 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 440 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 440 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 440 nm 2018-09-28T17:19:33Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 443 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 443 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 443 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 443 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 443 nm A carbon isotope ratio which consists of radioactive carbon (14C). 2018-09-28T21:42:56Z radiocarbon isotope ratio radioactive carbon isotope ratio radiocarbon isotope ratio The proportion of different carbon isotopes in a sample. 2018-09-28T21:43:10Z carbon isotope ratio A mineralization rate in which organic carbon is transformed into inorganic forms. 2018-10-09T21:20:50Z dissolved organic carbon mineralization rate A mineralization rate in which organic carbon is transformed into inorganic forms. A temporal rate in which an organic material is transformed into inorganic material. 2018-10-09T21:22:37Z mineralization rate 2018-10-09T21:34:34Z dissolved inorganic concentration of radioactive carbon 2018-10-09T21:36:19Z dissolved inorganic carbon concentration of stable carbon 2018-10-09T21:37:30Z dissolved organic carbon concentration of stable carbon 2018-10-09T21:38:15Z dissolved organic carbon concentration of radioactive carbon An air temperature which is measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and moisture. 2018-10-29T22:27:15Z dry bulb temperature An air temperature which is measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and moisture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-bulb_temperature An air temperature which is measured by a thermometer covered in water-soaked cloth. 2018-10-29T22:28:27Z wet bulb temperature An air temperature which is measured by a thermometer covered in water-soaked cloth. A water temperature which inheres in water close to the surface of an ocean or sea. 2018-10-29T23:53:47Z The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between 1 millimetre (0.04 in) and 20 metres (70 ft) below the sea surface. sea surface temperature 2018-10-29T23:59:05Z sonic temperature 2018-10-30T16:50:55Z freshwater temperature 2018-10-30T17:18:08Z surface temperature 2018-10-30T17:24:32Z ground surface temperature 2018-10-30T19:29:50Z river water temperature 2018-10-30T19:37:56Z lake surface temperature A temperature which is measured in lake sediment. 2018-10-30T20:04:43Z lake sediment temperature 2018-10-30T20:16:41Z equilbrator seawater temperature 2019-05-20T18:47:29Z cell count 2018-10-30T21:38:05Z soil surface temperature A type of measurement which measures an electrolyte solution's ability to conduct electricity. 2018-10-30T21:42:37Z specific conductance conductivity specific conductance A type of measurement which measures an electrolyte solution's ability to conduct electricity. 2018-10-30T21:43:32Z water conductivity 2018-10-30T21:43:42Z freshwater conductivity 2018-10-30T21:43:52Z lake water conductivity 2018-10-30T21:55:55Z soil conductivity 2018-10-30T22:00:04Z ice conductivity 2018-10-30T22:02:30Z seawater conductivity 2018-10-30T22:21:44Z river water conductivity 2018-10-31T17:25:15Z chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 400 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 400 nm CDOM absorbance at wavelength 400 nm chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 400 nm colored dissolved organic matter absorbance at wavelength 400 nm 2018-10-30T23:14:43Z velocity 2018-10-30T23:15:58Z wind velocity An air moisture measurement which is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor and equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. 2018-10-31T18:49:12Z relative humidity An air moisture measurement which is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor and equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. A measurement of shear stress rewritten as a velocity. 2018-10-30T23:23:30Z shear velocity u star friction velocity shear velocity u star A measurement of shear stress rewritten as a velocity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_velocity 2018-10-31T18:49:29Z specific humidity 2018-10-31T21:50:11Z soil organic layer depth 2018-10-31T21:57:10Z seawater bottom depth 2018-10-31T22:02:30Z chamber temperature 2018-10-31T22:15:17Z firn depth 2018-10-31T22:16:52Z sediment depth 2018-10-31T22:24:26Z peat depth 2018-10-31T22:32:07Z peat active layer depth 2018-10-31T22:53:01Z ice depth 2019-07-18T22:53:42Z stem segment count 2018-10-31T23:32:44Z estuary depth A temperature which is of water ice. 2018-10-31T23:59:19Z ice temperature 2018-11-01T00:20:01Z estuary water temperature 2018-11-03T02:12:49Z seawater fluorescence A pressure measurement which is the pressure of a constituent gas in a mixture of gases if it alone occupied the entire volume of the mixture at the same temperature. 2019-09-19T18:23:55Z partial pressure A pressure measurement which is the pressure of a constituent gas in a mixture of gases if it alone occupied the entire volume of the mixture at the same temperature. 2018-11-05T07:30:16Z lake sediment base depth lake sediment bottom depth lake sediment base depth 2019-05-17T18:22:40Z voltage standard deviation 2018-11-13T22:14:25Z altitude 2018-11-13T22:14:39Z altitude above seafloor 2018-11-13T22:43:31Z altitude above mean sea level 2018-11-13T22:51:42Z elevation 2018-11-13T23:44:20Z water pressure 2018-11-13T23:44:35Z lake water pressure 2018-11-14T00:31:52Z voltage raw data A latent heat flux without a correction for storage. 2018-11-14T01:05:00Z latent heat turbulent flux A latent heat flux with a correction for storage. 2018-11-14T01:05:38Z latent heat storage flux The spectral range of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that organisms are able to use for photosynthesis. 2018-11-14T19:03:56Z PAR photosynthetic photon flux density photosynthetically active radiation PAR photosynthetic photon flux density The spectral range of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that organisms are able to use for photosynthesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation 2018-11-14T19:14:07Z SPAR surface PAR surface photosynthetically active radiation SPAR surface PAR 2018-11-14T19:53:02Z APAR absorbed photosynthetically active radiation APAR 2018-11-14T21:46:32Z FAPAR absorbed fraction incoming PAR fraction of absorbed PAR absorbed fraction incoming photosynthetically active radiation FAPAR absorbed fraction incoming PAR fraction of absorbed PAR A pressure measurement which is the amount of water vapor in a volume of air and increases as the amount of water vapor increases. 2018-11-14T22:32:17Z actual vapor pressure A pressure measurement which is the amount of water vapor in a volume of air and increases as the amount of water vapor increases. 2018-11-14T23:20:45Z corrected PAR corrected photosynthetically active radiation corrected PAR 2018-11-15T19:21:06Z shrub height 2019-08-29T21:12:15Z biogeochemical pool 2018-11-15T19:49:48Z incoming PAR incoming photosynthetic photon flux density incoming photosynthetically active radiation incoming PAR incoming photosynthetic photon flux density 2018-11-15T19:51:43Z outgoing PAR outgoing photosynthetic photon flux density reflected PAR reflected photosynthetically active radiation outgoing photosynthetically active radiation outgoing PAR outgoing photosynthetic photon flux density reflected PAR reflected photosynthetically active radiation 2018-11-15T23:31:24Z gravimetric soil moisture percentage 2018-11-15T23:48:43Z equilibrator pressure 2018-11-15T23:53:33Z stem height 2018-11-16T23:14:26Z sonic wind speed 2019-05-20T06:38:39Z sensor location 2018-11-16T23:17:03Z horizontal wind speed 2019-05-20T18:09:52Z tree core identifier 2019-05-20T18:11:16Z study area width 2019-05-20T18:12:22Z type of trap 2019-05-20T18:13:43Z type of sensor 2019-05-20T18:49:32Z count per gram 2019-05-20T19:04:26Z type of sediment core 2019-05-20T20:35:09Z delta deuterium in alkanoic acid uncertainty 2019-05-20T21:32:15Z sediment flux 2019-05-20T21:33:57Z estuary name 2019-05-20T21:41:36Z methane mixing ratio 2019-05-20T21:44:09Z soil core height 2019-05-20T22:34:59Z longwave radiation 2019-05-20T23:37:29Z method of sex identification 2019-05-21T00:04:55Z method of age identification 2019-05-21T00:06:45Z age of nest 2019-07-23T22:10:41Z meltwater freezing and deposition rate 2018-11-16T23:39:52Z crustose lichen cover percentage 2019-05-21T17:35:19Z bromine monoxide differential slant column density error 2019-05-21T17:35:59Z D14C error 2018-11-16T23:44:48Z shrub cover percentage 2019-05-21T17:47:14Z d13C error 2019-05-21T21:10:26Z plant fertilization and light 2018-11-16T23:57:58Z forb cover percentage 2019-05-21T21:36:05Z ecotype 2019-05-21T21:37:55Z ecotype code 2019-05-21T22:14:18Z sensor frequency 2018-11-17T00:09:04Z lichen cover percentage 2018-11-17T00:09:23Z foliose lichen cover percentage 2019-05-21T22:35:33Z transformed d18O A measurement of the perceived power of light. 2019-05-21T22:50:22Z luminous flux A measurement of the perceived power of light. 2019-05-21T22:52:39Z fraction modern error 2019-05-21T23:03:10Z burned area treatment A flux measurement which is divided by the average air density. 2019-05-21T23:10:24Z kinematic flux A flux measurement which is divided by the average air density. 2019-05-21T23:11:33Z kinematic flux component 2018-11-17T00:24:06Z graminoid cover percentage 2019-05-21T23:15:03Z isobutane concentration 2019-05-21T23:15:21Z isopentane concentration 2019-05-21T23:18:30Z runner count 2018-11-17T00:35:06Z rock cover percentage 2019-05-21T23:47:25Z refrozen meltlayer percentage 2019-05-21T23:50:28Z propane concentration 2018-11-17T00:42:45Z water cover percentage 2019-05-22T00:26:22Z uncertainty in 210Pb age 2019-05-22T17:32:41Z Shannon's diversity index Shannon-Weaver index Shannon index Shannon's diversity index Shannon-Weaver index 2018-11-19T17:42:21Z fruticose lichen cover percentage 2018-11-19T17:42:55Z horsetail cover percentage 2019-05-22T18:01:57Z meltwater production rate 2019-05-22T19:01:59Z number of years 2018-11-19T17:49:16Z litter cover percentage 2019-05-22T23:03:16Z sediment grain size 2018-11-19T17:56:08Z moss cover percentage 2019-05-22T23:05:33Z sediment grain size standard deviation 2019-05-22T23:53:38Z number of repeated treatments 2019-05-22T23:54:13Z primary sampling unit number 2019-05-22T23:58:22Z probe status 2019-05-23T00:11:49Z sample size 2018-11-19T18:33:05Z pH 2018-11-19T18:33:48Z soil pH 2018-11-19T18:54:58Z algae cover percentage 2018-11-19T18:55:39Z bare soil cover percentage 2018-11-19T19:13:31Z corrected sonic temperature An air pressure measurement which is the average atmospheric pressure for a location at sea level. 2018-11-19T19:42:02Z sea level pressure An air pressure measurement which is the average atmospheric pressure for a location at sea level. 2018-11-19T19:43:30Z interpolated sea level pressure 2018-11-19T20:44:58Z snow cover percentage 2019-05-23T00:21:06Z lake depth - categorical 2018-11-19T21:26:52Z sea ice cover percentage 2018-11-19T22:24:29Z calibrated water salinity 2018-11-19T23:09:47Z salinity uncertainty A temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor. 2018-11-20T18:17:50Z dew point temperature A temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point 2018-11-19T23:31:33Z sea surface salinity 2018-11-20T00:27:05Z computed salinity An atmospheric pressure measurement which is measured at a location on the Earth's surface. 2018-11-20T00:48:20Z surface pressure An atmospheric pressure measurement which is measured at a location on the Earth's surface. 2018-11-20T00:55:32Z liverwort cover percentage 2018-11-20T18:22:29Z moisture content volumetric water content moisture content 2018-11-20T18:28:37Z water content percentage 2018-11-20T18:29:11Z moss water content 2018-11-20T19:01:52Z lake sediment depth 2018-11-20T19:59:07Z lake sediment water content 2018-11-20T20:14:48Z gravimetric water content in soil 2018-11-20T22:49:00Z oxygen saturation percentage A concentration of the amount of oxygen present in water. 2018-11-20T23:11:25Z DO concentration dissolved oxygen concentration DO concentration A concentration of the amount of oxygen present in water. https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/indicators-dissolved-oxygen 2018-11-20T23:46:30Z corrected dissolved oxygen concentration 2018-11-21T00:50:04Z d18O in water 2018-11-21T00:59:38Z d18O standardized 2018-11-21T01:03:45Z d18O standard deviation 2018-11-21T01:05:46Z dissolved oxygen concentration standard deviation 2018-11-21T01:06:47Z d18O standardized standard deviation 2018-11-21T01:21:44Z d18O in atmospheric oxygen A stable oxygen isotope ratio which is the ratio of oxygen 18 and oxygen 16. 2018-11-21T01:22:34Z delta oxygen 18 δ18O Note that this measurement uses the lower case Greek letter delta (δ). d18O delta oxygen 18 δ18O A stable oxygen isotope ratio which is the ratio of oxygen 18 and oxygen 16. 2018-11-27T02:13:01Z upper bound soil depth 2018-11-27T02:16:44Z upper bound snow depth 2018-11-27T02:18:20Z lower bound soil depth 2018-11-27T02:19:19Z lower bound snow depth 2018-11-27T03:19:49Z water flux 2018-11-27T04:04:42Z mole fraction of water vapor 2018-11-27T04:08:20Z water vapor flux 2018-11-28T06:03:38Z invertebrate species biomass 2019-07-22T21:34:47Z point on transect 2019-07-22T21:37:24Z bird behavior code 2018-11-28T06:07:41Z species abundance 2018-11-28T06:07:51Z invertebrate species abundance 2018-11-28T06:15:22Z inflorescence count 2018-11-28T06:15:56Z leaf count 2018-11-28T06:16:08Z egg count 2018-11-28T06:24:11Z bacteria abundance 2018-11-28T06:41:08Z albedo 2018-11-28T06:42:49Z longwave albedo 2018-11-28T06:43:46Z shortwave albedo 2018-11-29T03:00:39Z permafrost depth 2018-11-29T03:01:05Z adjusted permafrost depth 2018-11-29T03:01:40Z adjusted upper bound permafrost depth 2018-11-29T04:04:48Z adjusted lower bound permafrost depth 2018-11-29T04:16:45Z lake sediment top depth 2018-11-29T04:36:19Z lake sediment middle depth 2018-11-29T04:50:28Z dissolved ammonia concentration 2018-11-29T05:31:04Z soil water content 2018-11-29T05:33:36Z berry count 2018-11-29T05:34:04Z flower count 2018-11-29T06:10:21Z plant diameter 2018-11-29T06:12:26Z lake diameter 2018-11-29T06:14:51Z egg width 2018-11-29T06:39:39Z distance 2018-11-29T06:41:13Z total distance 2018-11-30T02:54:10Z wind direction measurement type 2018-11-30T02:55:54Z corrected wind direction 2018-11-30T03:39:10Z sonic wind direction 2018-11-30T03:52:38Z wind direction standard deviation A radiative flux which is the conductive heat flux from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere. 2018-11-30T04:43:31Z sensible heat flux A radiative flux which is the conductive heat flux from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere. 2018-11-30T04:45:32Z sensible heat flux without storage correction 2019-07-19T18:20:44Z respiration carbon flux standard error 2018-11-30T05:06:00Z data quality assessment measurement type 2018-11-30T05:06:08Z data quality flag 2018-11-30T05:14:08Z leaf area 2018-11-30T05:14:42Z sapwood area 2018-11-30T05:15:31Z area of soil 2018-11-30T05:19:43Z ice sheet area 2018-11-30T05:22:55Z lake area 2018-11-30T05:26:19Z specific leaf area 2018-11-30T05:27:06Z specific leaf area of dead leaves 2018-11-30T05:27:32Z specific leaf area of live leaves 2018-11-30T05:30:28Z watershed area 2018-11-30T05:32:54Z rainfall height 2018-12-01T09:31:30Z CTD transmissivity percentage conductivity temperature and depth transmissivity percentage beam transmission percentage CTD transmissivity percentage conductivity temperature and depth transmissivity percentage 2018-12-01T09:56:05Z beam attenuation coefficient 2018-12-01T09:59:44Z light attenuation 2018-12-01T10:01:39Z PAR attenuation A measurement of the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. 2018-12-01T10:01:54Z extinction measurement type attenuation measurement type extinction measurement type A measurement of the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. 2018-12-03T17:36:58Z nitrogen isotope ratio 2018-12-03T17:37:36Z stable nitrogen isotope ratio A stable nitrogen isotope ratio of nitrogen 15 to nitrogen 14. 2018-12-03T17:37:58Z delta N 15 δ15N Note that this measurement uses the lower case Greek delta (δ) d15N delta N 15 δ15N A stable nitrogen isotope ratio of nitrogen 15 to nitrogen 14. 2018-12-03T17:40:04Z oxygen isotope ratio 2018-12-03T17:40:50Z stable oxygen isotope ratio 2018-12-03T17:58:23Z d15N standard deviation 2018-12-03T18:06:18Z conductivity standard deviation 2018-12-03T18:07:02Z temperature standard deviation 2018-12-03T19:42:33Z CTD transmissivity ratio conductivity temperature and depth transmissivity ratio beam transmission ratio CTD transmissivity ratio conductivity temperature and depth transmissivity ratio 2018-12-03T19:53:16Z beam transmission ratio standard deviation 2018-12-03T19:59:06Z beam transmission percentage standard deviation The depth of water contained within a snowpack if the snowpack were melted instantly. 2019-07-17T22:25:29Z snow water equivalent The depth of water contained within a snowpack if the snowpack were melted instantly. 2018-12-03T20:28:37Z water table height 2018-12-03T20:38:39Z alkalinity measurement type 2018-12-03T20:42:55Z water alkalinity 2018-12-03T20:43:04Z lake water alkalinity 2018-12-03T20:50:39Z total alkalinity 2018-12-03T21:03:47Z peat sample base depth 2018-12-03T21:06:16Z peat sample midpoint depth 2018-12-03T21:34:25Z wind chill index 2018-12-03T21:56:45Z absolute height 2018-12-03T21:56:54Z logger absolute height 2018-12-03T22:40:06Z ammonium concentration using o-phthaldialdehyde ammonium concentration using OPA ammonium concentration using o-phthaldialdehyde 2018-12-03T23:26:50Z ammonium concentration in soil 2018-12-03T23:32:27Z ammonium concentration in water 2018-12-04T00:00:39Z ammonium concentration in seawater 2018-12-04T00:11:36Z aluminum concentration 2018-12-04T00:11:52Z aluminum concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:13:44Z total titanium concentration in snow 2018-12-04T00:14:01Z lanthanum concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:16:14Z arsenic concentration 2018-12-04T00:16:30Z arsenic concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:19:23Z barium concentration 2018-12-04T00:19:31Z barium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:22:46Z boron concentration 2018-12-04T00:23:00Z boron concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:27:13Z calcium concentration 2018-12-04T00:27:24Z calcium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:30:31Z cation concentration 2018-12-04T00:30:47Z cation concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:32:47Z chlorine concentration 2018-12-04T00:33:01Z chlorine concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:36:29Z chromium concentration 2018-12-04T00:36:40Z chromium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:38:45Z cobalt concentration 2018-12-04T00:38:58Z cobalt concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:41:56Z copper concentration 2018-12-04T00:42:04Z copper concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:44:36Z iron concentration 2018-12-04T00:45:03Z iron concentration in water 2018-12-04T00:47:46Z lead concentration 2018-12-04T00:47:59Z lead concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:49:07Z lithium concentration 2018-12-04T00:49:19Z lithium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:50:15Z magnesium concentration 2018-12-04T00:50:27Z magnesium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:53:40Z manganese concentration 2018-12-04T00:53:50Z manganese concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T00:58:39Z molybdenum concentration 2018-12-04T00:58:51Z molybdenum concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:00:05Z nickel concentration 2018-12-04T01:00:22Z nickel concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:04:21Z potassium concentation 2018-12-04T01:04:35Z potassium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:08:40Z silicon concentration 2018-12-04T01:08:59Z silicon concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:11:03Z silver concentration 2018-12-04T01:17:26Z silver concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:21:54Z sodium concentration 2018-12-04T01:22:09Z sodium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:25:36Z strontium concentration 2018-12-04T01:25:43Z strontium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:33:51Z sulfur concentration 2018-12-04T01:33:57Z sulfur concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:34:59Z thallium concentration 2018-12-04T01:35:06Z thallium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:35:46Z tin concentration 2018-12-04T01:35:56Z tin concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:37:10Z titanium concentration 2018-12-04T01:37:15Z titanium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:38:18Z vanadium concentration 2018-12-04T01:38:25Z vanadium concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T01:39:42Z zinc concentration 2018-12-04T01:39:55Z zinc concentration in lake water 2018-12-04T17:38:16Z nitrate concentration in soil 2018-12-04T17:41:31Z insoluble particles concentration in ice 2018-12-04T20:33:22Z solubility 2018-12-04T20:33:33Z aluminum solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:35:49Z antimony solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:36:25Z arsenic solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:36:41Z cadmium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:37:04Z calcium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:37:59Z cerium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:38:45Z chromium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:38:56Z cobalt solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:40:10Z dysprosium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:40:30Z europium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:40:42Z gadolinium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:40:55Z iron solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:41:27Z lanthanum solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:41:34Z lead solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:41:44Z magnesium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:41:51Z manganese solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:42:07Z neodymium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:42:15Z niobium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:42:33Z potassium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:43:03Z praseodymium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:43:12Z samarium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:43:24Z silicon solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:43:32Z sodium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:43:59Z strontium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:44:56Z sulfur solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:45:02Z tin solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:45:09Z titanium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:46:16Z uranium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:46:22Z vanadium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:46:32Z yttrium solubility in water 2018-12-04T20:46:40Z zinc solubility in water 2018-12-04T21:04:31Z glacier acidity 2018-12-04T21:31:29Z aluminum concentration in ice 2018-12-04T21:42:52Z ammonium mineralization rate 2018-12-04T22:00:42Z aluminum concentration in soil A total luminous flux which is incident on a surface, per unit area. 2018-12-04T22:12:04Z illuminance A total luminous flux which is incident on a surface, per unit area. 2019-05-23T00:26:10Z snow accumulation 2018-12-04T22:18:38Z downward shortwave radiation downwelling shortwave radiation incoming shortwave radiation downward shortwave radiation downwelling shortwave radiation 2018-12-04T22:22:23Z barium concentration in ice 2018-12-04T22:26:23Z barium concentration in river water 2018-12-04T22:35:40Z permafrost transient layer base depth 2018-12-04T22:42:13Z basal mineral substrate depth 2018-12-04T22:48:22Z boron concentration in soil 2018-12-04T23:04:20Z permafrost frozen section bottom depth 2018-12-04T23:14:30Z branch extension length 2018-12-04T23:34:53Z phosphorus concentration 2018-12-04T23:35:32Z phosphorus concentration in soil 2018-12-04T23:56:17Z bromine concentration 2018-12-04T23:57:43Z bromine concentration in ice 2018-12-05T00:29:19Z bromine concentration in water 2018-12-05T00:36:58Z calcium concentration in river water 2018-12-05T00:37:22Z calcium concentration in river water standard deviation 2018-12-05T00:39:02Z cadmium concentration 2018-12-05T00:39:21Z cadmium concentration in ice 2018-12-05T00:40:25Z calcium concentration in ice 2018-12-05T00:43:31Z cesium concentration 2018-12-05T18:27:14Z cesium concentration in ice 2018-12-05T18:29:13Z calcium concentration in soil A temperature measurement of a surface of a body if it were not warmed by its own atmosphere. 2019-05-03T22:25:59Z blackbody temperature A temperature measurement of a surface of a body if it were not warmed by its own atmosphere. 2018-12-05T18:34:15Z dissolved organic nitrogen concentration 2018-12-05T18:36:11Z nitrogen concentration 2018-12-05T18:36:59Z nitrogen concentration in aboveground foliar biomass 2018-12-05T18:39:10Z copper concentration in soil 2019-05-03T22:27:50Z d18O in snow 2018-12-05T18:49:19Z calculated seawater depth 2019-07-18T17:10:41Z error in potassium concentration 2018-12-05T19:21:18Z depth of dead moss layer 2018-12-05T19:22:29Z depth of live moss layer 2018-12-05T19:31:22Z depth of surface dust 2018-12-05T20:02:24Z dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentation 2018-12-05T20:08:40Z dissolved inorganic nitrogen mineralization rate 2018-12-05T20:10:05Z dissolved organic nitrogen mineralization rate 2018-12-05T21:26:28Z dissolved nitrite and nitrate concentration 2018-12-05T21:27:57Z dissolved nitrous oxide concentration 2018-12-05T21:47:13Z dissolved phosphate concentration 2018-12-05T21:49:23Z silica concentration in seawater 2018-12-05T22:02:47Z downward longwave radiation downwelling longwave radiation incoming longwave radiation downward longwave radiation downwelling longwave radiation An incoming shortwave radiation flux which is composed of ultraviolet, visible, and a limited portion of infrared energy from the sun. 2018-12-05T22:10:49Z downward solar radiation downwelling solar radiation incoming solar radiation downward solar radiation downwelling solar radiation An incoming shortwave radiation flux which is composed of ultraviolet, visible, and a limited portion of infrared energy from the sun. 2019-05-23T00:44:33Z ammonium mass 2018-12-05T22:43:33Z upward longwave radiation upwelling longwave radiation outgoing longwave radiation upward longwave radiation upwelling longwave radiation 2018-12-05T22:45:24Z upward shortwave radiation upwelling shortwave radiation outgoing shortwave radiation upward shortwave radiation upwelling shortwave radiation 2018-12-05T22:45:39Z upward solar radiation upwelling solar radiation outgoing solar radiation upward solar radiation upwelling solar radiation 2018-12-05T23:02:37Z estimated volumetric water content 2018-12-05T23:07:13Z flerovium concentration 2018-12-05T23:07:34Z flerovium concentration in water 2019-07-19T18:21:29Z respiration standard deviation 2019-07-22T22:32:35Z ITRF 2005 x-coordinate uncertainty 2018-12-05T23:24:07Z global incoming shortwave radiation 2018-12-05T23:33:43Z herbaceous plant height 2018-12-05T23:34:15Z live moss height 2018-12-05T23:41:46Z hydrogen peroxide concentration 2018-12-05T23:41:59Z hydrogen peroxide concentration in ice 2018-12-05T23:48:09Z hydrogen percentage 2018-12-05T23:49:38Z hydrogen percent soils total exchange capacity 2018-12-06T00:04:48Z iron concentration in soil 2019-05-03T22:29:49Z caribou count 2018-12-06T00:42:31Z lanthanum concentration 2018-12-06T00:43:33Z lanthanum concentration in ice 2018-12-06T00:46:34Z lead concentration in ice 2018-12-06T00:48:28Z egg length 2018-12-06T00:53:00Z carapace length 2018-12-06T00:55:43Z telson length 2018-12-06T19:11:50Z magnesium concentration in water 2018-12-06T19:16:44Z magnesium concentration in river water 2018-12-06T19:17:27Z magnesium concentration in soil A carbon percentage, which is measured in a sample of lake sediment. 2019-05-03T22:31:43Z carbon percentage in lake sediment 2018-12-06T19:20:41Z magnesium percentage 2018-12-06T19:20:52Z magnesium percent soils total exchange capacity 2018-12-06T19:22:12Z magnesium concentration in ice 2018-12-06T19:23:00Z manganese concentration in soil 2019-05-03T22:33:42Z alkenone concentration 2018-12-06T19:25:10Z manganese concentration in ice 2018-12-06T20:34:53Z lake sediment composite depth 2018-12-06T20:38:32Z lake sediment composite depth from top 2018-12-06T20:38:47Z lake sediment composite depth from bottom 2018-12-06T20:39:44Z lake sediment composite depth at middle 2018-12-06T21:04:37Z wing length 2018-12-06T21:18:12Z water vapor concentration in air 2018-12-06T21:22:44Z mean weight fraction of water vapor 2018-12-06T21:26:09Z mean stem height 2018-12-06T21:56:02Z transect length 2018-12-06T23:41:26Z zero plane displacement 2018-12-06T23:48:22Z model surface height 2018-12-07T00:09:54Z nitrous oxide concentration in soil gas 2018-12-07T00:11:23Z neodymium concentration in ice 2018-12-07T00:13:45Z net incoming longwave radiation 2018-12-07T00:14:52Z net nitrogen mineralization rate 2018-12-07T00:24:53Z net radiation 2018-12-07T00:27:27Z net radiation not wind corrected 2018-12-07T00:28:00Z net radiation wind corrected 2018-12-07T00:37:04Z net shortwave radiation A flux measurement which is the rate at which nitrous oxide moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit area and time. 2018-12-07T00:56:39Z nitrous oxide flux 2018-12-10T20:07:39Z hydrogen isotope ratio 2018-12-10T20:28:38Z stable hydrogen isotope ratio A stable hydrogen isotope ratio of hydrogen 2 to hydrogen 1. 2018-12-10T20:31:38Z d2H delta deuterium d2H A stable hydrogen isotope ratio of hydrogen 2 to hydrogen 1. 2018-12-10T20:33:43Z delta deuterium in water 2019-04-29T22:31:33Z noise temperature 2018-12-10T21:03:20Z tarsus length 2018-12-10T21:25:11Z diffuse radiation A carbon isotope ratio which is the ratio of C14 to C12 in the sample and the ratio of C14 and C12 in modern carbon. 2018-12-10T22:26:54Z Modern carbon is the ratio of C14 to C12 that would be measured in the year 1950 AD if there was no fossil fuel effect. fraction modern A carbon isotope ratio which is the ratio of C14 to C12 in the sample and the ratio of C14 and C12 in modern carbon. 2018-12-10T22:48:46Z gravel percentage in soil 2018-12-10T23:31:50Z sensor length 2018-12-10T23:38:48Z sediment core length 2018-12-10T23:53:09Z lithium concentration in water 2018-12-11T02:56:18Z oxygen evolution measurement type 2018-12-11T02:57:17Z volumetric carbon uptake measurement type 2018-12-11T02:58:58Z areal net primary productivity 2018-12-11T02:59:42Z volumetric net primary productivity 2018-12-11T19:56:52Z net outgoing radiation A ratio measurement which is the difference between the amount of moisture in the air and the amount of moisture the air can hold when it is saturated. 2018-12-11T20:07:24Z VPD vapor pressure deficit VPD A ratio measurement which is the difference between the amount of moisture in the air and the amount of moisture the air can hold when it is saturated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapour-pressure_deficit 2018-12-11T20:09:45Z vanadium concentration in ice 2018-12-11T20:14:18Z uranium concentration 2018-12-11T20:14:38Z uranium concentration in ice 2018-12-11T20:29:42Z total incoming shortwave radiation 2018-12-11T20:34:21Z krill length 2018-12-11T20:40:29Z total aluminum concentration in snow 2018-12-11T20:52:44Z antimony concentration 2018-12-11T20:53:07Z total antimony concentration in snow 2018-12-11T20:54:36Z total arsenic concentration in snow 2018-12-11T20:56:41Z total cadmium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T20:57:24Z total calcium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:00:10Z cerium concentration 2018-12-11T21:00:22Z total cerium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:03:32Z total chromium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:06:01Z cobalt concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:09:41Z dysprosium concentration 2018-12-11T21:09:56Z total dysprosium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:14:00Z europium concentration 2018-12-11T21:14:53Z total europium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:19:10Z gadolinium concentration 2018-12-11T21:19:46Z total gadolinium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:23:56Z total iron concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:27:20Z total lanthanum concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:36:12Z lead concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:38:44Z total magnesium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:39:09Z total manganese concentration in snow 2018-12-11T21:39:37Z neodymium concentration 2018-12-11T21:40:11Z total neodymium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T22:00:08Z niobium concentration 2018-12-11T22:00:20Z total concentration of niobium in snow 2018-12-11T22:07:30Z total potassium concentration in snow 2018-12-11T22:12:11Z total praseodymium concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:17:25Z praseodymium concentration 2018-12-12T00:21:16Z total concentration of samarium in snow 2018-12-12T00:21:38Z samarium concentration 2018-12-12T00:22:42Z total silicon concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:23:11Z sodium concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:28:15Z total strontium ion concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:29:19Z total sulfur concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:30:29Z total tin concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:40:03Z total uranium concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:40:36Z total vanadium concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:41:09Z total zinc concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:41:38Z yttrium concentration 2018-12-12T00:41:53Z total yttrium concentration in snow 2018-12-12T00:50:54Z dissolved nitrogen concentration 2018-12-12T00:51:34Z total dissolved nitrogen concentration in water 2018-12-12T00:53:46Z total dissolved nitrogen concentration 2018-12-12T00:56:32Z total dissolved nitrogen mineralization rate 2018-12-12T00:58:25Z total dissolved phosphorus concentration 2018-12-12T01:06:55Z total aluminum concentration in soil 2018-12-12T01:08:07Z total calcium concentration in soil 2018-12-12T01:08:46Z total potassium concentration in soil 2018-12-12T01:09:18Z total magnesium concentration in soil 2018-12-12T01:09:48Z total sodium concentration in soil 2018-12-12T01:11:37Z total phosphorus concentration in soil 2018-12-12T19:20:25Z dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration extracted from soil 2018-12-12T19:22:02Z total dissolved nitrogen concentration extracted from soil 2018-12-12T19:30:20Z calcium concentration in water 2018-12-12T19:34:23Z cerium concentration in ice 2018-12-12T19:35:31Z chlorine concentration in water 2018-12-12T19:42:38Z chlorine concentration in ice 2018-12-12T19:43:18Z chromium concentration in ice 2018-12-12T19:48:46Z microrelief height 2018-12-12T21:23:15Z air density calculated from virtual temperature 2019-01-14T19:47:32Z age of bird 2019-01-14T19:48:57Z age of reindeer 2019-01-14T20:43:43Z time of measurement 2019-05-03T22:36:21Z aluminum concentration in lake sediment 2019-05-03T22:38:08Z calcium concentration in lake sediment 2019-01-14T21:16:02Z date and time of measurement 2019-01-14T21:55:20Z measurement start time 2019-01-14T21:55:34Z measurement end time 2019-05-03T22:39:59Z bee count 2019-01-14T22:26:35Z month of year 2019-01-14T22:40:52Z hour of day hour of measurement time hour of day 2019-01-14T23:07:57Z elapsed time after treatment 2019-01-14T23:23:43Z year of measurement 2019-01-14T23:28:39Z date 2019-05-03T22:41:17Z cone count 2019-01-15T00:16:39Z part of season measurement made 2019-01-15T01:05:09Z seconds elapsed 2019-05-03T22:42:37Z fox count 2019-05-03T22:43:51Z sound reflectivity 2019-05-03T22:47:13Z vole count 2019-01-15T18:26:54Z Julian day day of year Julian day 2019-05-03T22:48:25Z squirrel count 2019-05-03T22:49:46Z lynx count 2019-01-15T18:52:39Z Julian day fractional fractional day of year Julian day fractional 2019-05-03T22:50:51Z mammal count 2019-05-03T22:52:30Z insect count 2019-05-03T22:53:45Z mosquito count 2019-05-03T22:56:23Z dissolved ammonium concentration in water 2019-01-16T00:19:09Z hour and minute of measurement time 2019-01-16T00:23:41Z hours elapsed 2019-01-16T00:27:36Z elapsed time 2019-01-16T00:29:17Z minute of hour minute of measurement time minute of hour 2019-01-16T00:29:24Z second of hour second of measurement time second of hour 2019-01-16T00:39:00Z observation hours 2019-01-16T00:44:09Z year and day of measurement 2019-05-03T22:58:15Z dissolved arsenic concentration in water 2019-05-03T23:00:05Z dissolved barium concentration in water 2019-01-16T01:18:10Z time skipped by analysis 2019-05-03T23:01:34Z dissolved calcium concentration in water 2019-01-16T01:45:01Z elapsed time since glaciation 2019-05-03T23:03:12Z dissolved chlorine concentration in water 2019-05-03T23:04:43Z dissolved nitrate concentration in water 2019-05-03T23:06:08Z dissolved potassium concentration in water 2019-05-03T23:07:24Z dissolved rubidium concentration in water 2019-05-03T23:08:30Z dissolved silicate concentration in water 2019-05-03T23:09:58Z total mercury concentration in water 2019-05-03T23:12:08Z ice mass A temperature measurement of a canopy. 2019-05-03T23:14:07Z canopy temperature A temperature measurement of a canopy. 2019-05-03T23:16:14Z thickness of sea ice 2019-05-03T23:17:50Z rainfall rate 2019-09-24T00:24:14Z soil CO2 flux soil carbon dioxide flux soil CO2 flux 2019-05-03T23:22:20Z aluminum oxide weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:23:17Z ammonium concentration in ice 2019-05-03T23:24:36Z barium concentration in rock and sediment A blackbody temperature when the blackbody is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings. 2019-05-03T23:26:08Z brightness temperature A blackbody temperature when the blackbody is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings. 2019-05-03T23:29:27Z calcium oxide weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:31:58Z cerium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:33:33Z cesium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:35:13Z chromium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:37:41Z snow temperature 2019-05-06T21:08:40Z manganese weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:39:31Z cobalt concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:40:13Z copper concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:42:19Z dissolved ammonium concentration 2019-05-03T23:43:43Z dissolved fluorine concentration A freshwater total inorganic carbon concentration, which is composed of dissolved inorganic carbon. 2019-05-03T23:46:26Z The concentration for any form of inorganic C in freshwater. There are three main forms: carbonate, bicarbonate and CO2, plus carbonic acid, which may be either negligible or measured with CO2). Generally, CO2 that enters water dissociates into bicarbonate, carbonate, (and some stays as CO2). dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in freshwater An oceanic total inorganic carbon concentration, which is composed of dissolved inorganic carbon. 2019-05-03T23:48:42Z The concentration for any form of inorganic C in sea water. There are three main forms: carbonate, bicarbonate and CO2, plus carbonic acid, which may be either negligible or measured with CO2). generally, CO2 that enters water dissociates into bicarbonate, carbonate, (and some stays as CO2). dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in seawater 2019-05-03T23:50:44Z dissolved lithium concentration 2019-05-03T23:52:06Z dissolved magnesium concentration 2019-05-03T23:53:00Z mercury concentration in snow 2019-05-03T23:54:21Z dissolved sodium concentration 2019-05-03T23:55:26Z dysprosium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:57:11Z erbium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-03T23:59:21Z europium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-04T00:00:16Z ferric oxide weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-04T00:01:20Z fluorine concentration 2019-01-17T18:54:57Z geographic position measurement type 2019-05-04T00:05:34Z gadolinium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-04T00:06:42Z gallium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-04T00:08:08Z hafnium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-04T00:09:07Z holmium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-04T00:10:35Z iron concentration in lake sediment 2019-05-04T00:12:30Z iron percentage 2019-05-04T00:20:02Z lanthanum concentration in rock and sediment 2019-01-16T21:15:01Z day of month 2019-01-16T21:22:28Z days elapsed 2019-05-04T00:20:59Z lead concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-04T00:22:20Z lead isotope ratio 2019-05-04T00:25:58Z lithium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-04T00:28:03Z lutetium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-01-16T22:20:49Z estimated snow duration 2019-01-16T22:39:39Z calculated year 2019-01-17T18:57:21Z latitude coordinate 2019-04-29T17:18:52Z particulate organic carbon to particulate nitrogen molar ratio 2019-01-17T18:58:37Z longitude coordinate 2019-04-29T17:31:51Z maximum wind speed 2019-04-29T22:00:08Z dissolved organic carbon fraction modern 2019-04-29T17:41:00Z particulate organic nitrogen concentration 2019-04-29T17:56:43Z total net radiation 2019-01-17T19:36:39Z latitude minute component 2019-05-04T00:29:18Z magnesium oxide weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-04-29T19:10:50Z inorganic carbon percentage 2019-04-29T19:14:28Z beam azimuth 2019-04-29T19:48:57Z carbon monoxide mixing ratio 2019-04-29T20:02:33Z number of wheel rotations 2019-04-29T22:01:30Z dissolved organic carbon concentration in water 2019-04-29T20:23:58Z particulate nitrogen concentration 2019-04-29T20:41:24Z d15N of particulate organic nitrogen in water 2019-04-29T22:05:45Z dissolved organic carbon concentration in soil 2019-04-29T22:16:15Z temperature difference 2019-04-29T22:23:48Z delta deuterium in snow 2019-04-29T22:34:33Z total organic carbon percentage 2019-04-29T22:35:12Z total organic nitrogen percentage 2019-01-17T22:52:26Z longitude minute component 2019-04-29T23:09:22Z D14C of particulate organic carbon 2019-04-29T23:09:59Z d13C of particulate organic carbon 2019-04-29T23:36:59Z submergence percentage 2019-04-29T23:39:23Z soil organic matter loss on ignition 2019-04-29T23:42:27Z sulfate concentration 2019-04-29T23:43:01Z dissolved sulfate concentration 2019-04-29T23:59:36Z signal gain 2019-04-30T00:08:34Z lepidoptera count 2019-04-30T00:15:22Z whale count 2019-04-30T00:18:42Z walrus count 2019-04-30T00:22:10Z weasel count An age measurement which is determined by radiocarbon dating. 2019-01-22T21:47:00Z 14C age 2019-01-22T21:51:37Z 14C isotope estimated age 2019-01-22T22:07:00Z 14C calibrated age 2019-01-22T22:11:21Z 14C calibrated age years before present (current year) 2019-01-22T22:11:43Z 14C calibrated age years before present (1950) 2019-01-22T22:34:55Z 14C calibrated age kiloyears before present 2019-01-22T22:55:13Z year and season 2019-01-22T22:59:32Z type of site location 2019-01-22T23:24:15Z soil wet weight plus tare weight 2019-01-22T23:36:00Z krill wet weight 2019-01-22T23:40:39Z volumetric ice content 2019-01-22T23:43:21Z bird and container weight The weight of a sample's empty container. 2019-01-22T23:44:48Z tare weight container weight tare weight The weight of a sample's empty container. 2019-01-23T00:17:45Z vertical salt flux 2019-04-30T00:23:01Z seal count 2019-01-23T00:36:05Z nitrogen tissue ratio 2019-01-23T00:56:46Z particle detection rate 2019-01-23T00:57:00Z titanium counts per second 2019-01-23T00:57:51Z potassium counts per second 2019-01-23T00:58:30Z silicon counts per second 2019-01-23T00:59:38Z calcium counts per second 2019-01-23T01:02:29Z iron counts per second 2019-01-23T01:05:34Z manganese counts per second 2019-01-23T01:06:17Z dried envelope mass 2019-01-23T01:06:59Z rubidium counts per second 2019-01-23T01:07:48Z strontium counts per second 2019-01-23T18:45:24Z life cycle stage 2019-01-23T20:58:20Z volume of blood drawn 2019-01-23T22:09:19Z apparent quantum yield 2019-01-23T22:09:29Z average apparent quantum yield 2019-01-24T00:26:04Z reflectance measurement type 2019-01-24T00:26:23Z backscatter 2019-01-24T00:39:26Z blowing snow accumulation rate 2019-01-24T00:40:36Z erosion rate measurement type 2019-01-24T00:40:56Z blowing snow erosion rate 2019-01-24T00:49:14Z number of bottles fired 2019-01-24T18:44:18Z meteorological measurement time step 2019-01-24T19:10:31Z d18O in water vapor 2019-01-24T19:19:29Z delta deuterium in water vapor 2019-01-24T19:33:44Z water vapor path 2019-01-24T19:50:50Z liquid water path 2019-01-24T21:13:04Z water weight 2019-01-24T21:59:09Z water band index 2019-01-24T22:04:50Z virus like particle counts per milliliter 2019-01-24T22:10:36Z type of vegetation 2019-04-17T17:04:10Z 14C mean calibrated age one standard error 2019-01-24T23:03:17Z amount of nitrogen 2019-05-08T00:22:58Z total ammonium available in soil 2019-05-23T00:44:47Z nitrate mass 2019-01-25T23:00:42Z aspect 2019-01-25T23:04:46Z transect identifier 2019-01-25T23:08:04Z avian influenza sample identifier 2019-01-25T23:10:54Z enzyme activity 2019-05-17T21:58:38Z nitrate concentration 2019-01-25T23:18:06Z barium concentration standard deviation 2019-01-25T23:35:34Z bird identifier 2019-01-26T00:09:24Z adult bird banding interval 2019-05-23T18:02:55Z transformed dissolved organic carbon concentration 2019-01-26T00:50:33Z river classification 2019-01-26T00:53:40Z chamber identifier 2019-01-26T00:55:05Z cast identifier 2019-02-13T17:59:58Z saturation 2019-01-28T08:12:30Z water sample volume 2019-05-08T00:23:36Z total nitrogen available in soil 2019-01-28T18:16:05Z thickness 2019-01-28T18:35:08Z dust layer thickness 2019-01-28T18:39:14Z thickness of dust layer penetrating peat 2019-01-28T18:56:23Z frozen soil layer thickness 2019-01-28T19:30:06Z permafrost frozen section top depth 2019-01-28T19:51:27Z cation exchange capacity total exchange capacity cation exchange capacity 2019-01-28T20:03:50Z liquid water content 2019-01-28T20:13:58Z snowfall rate 2019-01-28T20:29:29Z magnesium concentration in water standard deviation 2019-01-28T20:49:25Z light intensity 2019-04-30T00:25:14Z bear count 2019-05-04T00:30:14Z minutes elapsed 2019-01-28T21:35:36Z longitude degree component 2019-05-06T21:10:02Z manganese percentage 2019-05-06T21:12:22Z total mercury concentration in snow 2019-05-06T21:12:40Z mercury concentration 2019-01-28T21:37:49Z latitude second component 2019-05-06T21:38:39Z methane concentration in air 2019-05-06T21:42:42Z neodymium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T21:44:53Z neodymium isotope ratio 2019-01-28T21:57:42Z latitude degree component 2019-05-06T21:50:27Z net incoming shortwave radiation 2019-05-06T21:53:00Z nickel concentration in rock and sediment 2019-01-28T21:59:23Z longitude second component 2019-01-28T22:39:52Z Monin-Obukhov length 2019-01-28T22:41:40Z Monin-Obukhov stability parameter 2019-01-28T22:49:23Z nitrate concentration in seawater 2019-01-28T22:50:31Z nitrite concentration in seawater 2019-01-28T22:52:21Z nitrate concentration in water 2019-01-28T23:28:11Z nitrogen dioxide concentration in seawater 2019-01-28T23:29:59Z nitrogen dioxide concentration in water 2019-01-29T00:03:33Z potassium percentage in leaves 2019-05-08T00:23:50Z total nitrate available in soil 2019-05-08T00:24:35Z total phosphorus available in soil 2019-01-29T00:05:05Z magnesium percentage in leaves 2019-05-08T00:24:55Z total potassium available in soil 2019-05-08T17:02:18Z manganese concentration in lake sediment 2019-01-29T00:08:07Z phosphorus percentage 2019-01-29T00:08:24Z phosphorus percentage in leaves 2019-05-08T17:05:34Z nickel concentration in lake sediment 2019-05-08T17:06:33Z d15N in lake sediment 2019-01-29T00:28:54Z heat storage flux in air 2019-01-29T00:50:47Z latitude and longitude coordinates 2019-05-17T23:19:34Z total organic carbon concentration in seawater uncertainty 2019-07-22T22:33:17Z ITRF 2005 y-coordinate uncertainty 2019-01-29T20:00:04Z total dissolved organic carbon biomass density in soil 2019-01-29T20:17:45Z dissolved organic carbon to dissolved inorganic nitrogen ratio 2019-06-05T20:02:22Z gas particle intensity at wavelength 397 nm gas particle counts per second at wavelength 397 nm gas particle intensity at wavelength 397 nm 2019-06-14T22:37:35Z species evenness 2019-01-29T20:47:49Z soil organic matter stable carbon isotope ratio 2019-01-29T21:16:06Z total charcoal areal concentration 2019-01-29T21:51:00Z modern carbon percentage 2019-01-29T21:57:56Z peat bulk density 2019-07-11T22:32:46Z chlorophyll relative abundance 2019-01-29T23:00:12Z dissolved organic carbon amount 2019-01-29T23:06:05Z DOC proportion dissolved organic carbon proportion DOC proportion 2019-07-12T00:29:29Z reference temperature 2019-07-12T21:58:51Z stem length 2019-01-29T23:18:22Z dissolved organic carbon percentage A temperature measurement of a cloud top. 2019-01-31T00:01:47Z cloud top temperature 2019-07-22T22:34:28Z ITRF 2005 z-coordinate uncertainty 2019-07-23T18:27:51Z ice permeability 2019-01-29T23:59:36Z isotope ratio mass spectrometer readings 2019-01-30T00:00:04Z peak signal strength for carbon 2019-01-30T00:00:54Z peak signal strength for nitrogen 2019-01-30T00:05:01Z organic carbon electron donor type 2019-01-30T00:05:59Z inorganic electron acceptor type 2019-01-30T00:37:32Z loss on ignition percentage 2019-01-30T01:07:08Z MSA concentration in ice methanesulfonic acid concentration in ice MSA concentration in ice 2019-01-31T00:02:29Z cloud top pressure 2019-01-31T00:16:20Z krill nitrogen weight 2019-07-23T18:30:35Z permeability measurement type 2019-03-27T22:50:23Z study identifier 2019-02-01T23:10:18Z 14C uncalibrated age 2019-02-02T01:12:36Z cell count standard deviation 2019-02-02T01:38:44Z tree sample identifier 2019-02-02T01:46:59Z tree ring year 2019-02-02T01:55:20Z soil gas volume 2019-02-05T05:30:40Z bacterial production rate 2019-02-05T05:34:31Z calcium percent soils total exchange capacity 2019-02-05T06:16:19Z 14C age margin of error 2019-02-05T06:19:20Z chlorine concentration standard deviation 2019-02-08T17:52:56Z clay percentage 2019-02-08T17:54:50Z cloud cover percentage 2019-02-08T18:47:30Z cloud optical thickness cloud optical depth cloud optical thickness 2019-02-08T18:49:25Z optical thickness optical depth optical thickness 2019-02-08T18:49:47Z aerosol optical thickness aerosol optical depth aerosol optical thickness 2019-02-08T19:02:28Z bottle integrity 2019-02-08T19:09:31Z elevation angle 2019-02-08T19:23:01Z thallium concentration in ice 2019-02-08T19:26:33Z rubidium concentration 2019-02-08T19:26:46Z rubidium concentration in ice 2019-02-08T19:27:35Z sodium concentration in ice 2019-02-08T19:28:37Z strontium concentration in ice 2019-02-08T19:29:08Z sulfur concentration in ice 2019-02-08T19:31:20Z strontium concentration in water 2019-02-08T19:33:34Z strontium isotope ratio 2019-05-06T21:54:29Z niobium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-02-08T19:50:11Z phosphorus concentration in white spruce needles 2019-02-08T19:52:28Z potassium concentration in white spruce needles 2019-02-08T19:54:05Z nitrogen concentration in white spruce needles 2019-02-08T19:58:07Z phosphate concentration 2019-02-08T19:58:18Z phosphate concentration in water 2019-02-08T20:22:37Z phosphate concentration in freshwater 2019-02-08T20:28:11Z phosphate concentration in soil 2019-02-08T20:32:59Z phosphate concentration in seawater 2019-05-17T22:16:15Z gene copies per milliliter 2019-05-17T22:38:57Z ship course 2019-02-09T00:02:40Z phosphate mineralization rate 2019-02-09T00:04:59Z nitrate mineralization rate 2019-02-09T00:18:41Z zinc concentration in soil 2019-02-09T00:33:23Z PRI photochemical reflectance index PRI 2019-02-09T01:15:30Z potassium concentration in water 2019-02-09T01:16:51Z potassium concentration in soil 2019-02-09T01:19:02Z potassium percent soils total exchange capacity 2019-02-11T19:19:24Z gas particle intensity at wavelength 298 nm gas particle counts per second at wavelength 298 nm gas particle intensity at wavelength 298 nm 2019-02-11T19:22:46Z gas particle intensity at wavelength 340 nm gas particle counts per second at wavelength 340 nm gas particle intensity at wavelength 340 nm 2019-02-11T19:24:21Z gas particle intensity at wavelength 360.8 nm gas particle counts per second at wavelength 360.8 nm gas particle intensity at wavelength 360.8 nm 2019-02-11T19:25:51Z gas particle intensity at wavelength 420 nm gas particle counts per second at wavelength 420 nm gas particle intensity at wavelength 420 nm 2019-02-11T19:43:15Z intermediate soil layer thickness 2019-02-11T20:55:30Z aerosol particle extinction at wavelength 361 nm 2019-02-11T21:01:57Z krill dry weight 2019-02-11T21:49:42Z mixing ratio 2019-02-11T21:52:09Z bromine monoxide average mixing ratio 2019-02-11T22:05:45Z bromine monoxide vertical column density 2019-02-11T22:09:40Z bromine monoxide vertical column density ratio 2019-02-11T22:16:15Z calcium retranslocation efficiency percentage 2019-02-11T22:26:44Z cloud ice crystal concentration 2019-02-11T22:27:35Z cloud droplet concentration 2019-02-11T22:32:41Z cloud rain concentration 2019-02-11T22:33:52Z cloud snowflake concentration 2019-02-11T22:37:53Z cloud particle radius 2019-02-11T23:03:25Z turbidity 2019-02-11T23:10:57Z condensed water path 2019-02-12T00:08:40Z retranslocation efficiency percentage 2019-02-12T00:09:03Z potassium retranslocation efficiency percentage 2019-02-12T00:40:07Z potassium concentration standard deviation 2019-05-06T21:56:12Z soil chroma 2019-05-06T21:57:05Z soil hue 2019-05-17T22:41:45Z season 2019-02-12T01:05:37Z 14C mean calibrated years before present 2019-02-12T20:21:32Z peristaltic pump rate 2019-02-12T20:32:23Z total alkalinity standard deviation 2019-02-12T20:42:52Z cruise identifier 2019-02-12T21:01:51Z seal tag identifier 2019-02-12T21:11:23Z trap identifier 2019-02-12T23:41:03Z cobalt concentration in ice 2019-02-12T23:43:03Z iron concentration in ice 2019-02-12T23:50:44Z nitrate concentration in snow 2019-02-12T23:51:35Z potassium concentration in snow 2019-02-13T00:08:06Z sulfate concentration in ice 2019-02-13T00:10:26Z estimated cell count 2019-02-13T00:51:40Z Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale 2019-02-13T00:53:46Z vial number 2019-05-23T18:05:20Z transformed SUVA output 2019-02-13T00:58:11Z bird nest identifier 2019-02-13T18:36:28Z dissolved oxygen saturation percentage 2019-02-13T20:26:31Z dissolved nitrous oxide saturation percentage 2019-02-13T21:13:00Z dissolved carbon dioxide saturation percentage 2019-02-13T22:43:58Z dissolved oxygen saturation 2019-02-13T23:03:01Z oxygen argon saturation ratio 2019-02-20T00:49:20Z gamma ray density 2019-02-20T01:12:09Z sulfate concentration in water 2019-02-20T18:19:39Z sulfate concentration in freshwater 2019-02-20T18:24:29Z sulfur concentration in soil 2019-02-20T18:28:45Z station name 2019-02-20T18:41:50Z station identifier 2019-02-20T21:26:33Z total nitrogen biomass density in permafrost 2019-02-20T21:37:25Z dissolved inorganic nitrogen biomass density in permafrost 2019-02-20T21:51:40Z dissolved organic nitrogen biomass density in soil 2019-02-20T21:56:11Z total nitrogen biomass density in soil 2019-02-20T23:11:32Z momentum flux mean error 2019-02-21T00:07:37Z momentum flux uncertainty 2019-02-21T18:59:56Z d-excess deuterium excess 2019-02-21T23:50:56Z nitrogen mass 2019-02-22T00:22:20Z sigma theta potential density sigma theta 2019-02-22T00:29:42Z sigma t 2019-02-22T00:38:53Z sigma seawater density sigma 2019-02-22T01:53:54Z age of ice 2019-03-07T20:20:04Z height above ground 2019-03-07T21:03:51Z height of boundary layer 2019-07-23T18:32:50Z ice core diameter 2019-03-07T22:43:50Z water discharge 2019-03-07T23:12:35Z thermokarst feature identifier 2019-03-07T23:27:48Z grayscale reflectance 2019-05-23T18:06:10Z transformed dissolved organic nitrogen concentration 2019-03-08T19:06:06Z magnetic susceptibility 2019-03-08T19:46:02Z Seabird beginning scan identifier 2019-03-11T18:06:31Z snowpack height above ice 2019-03-11T18:28:09Z snowpack thickness 2019-03-11T18:56:21Z snowpack height 2019-03-11T21:55:55Z sodium concentration in water 2019-03-11T22:00:05Z sodium concentration in soil 2019-03-11T22:52:34Z sodium percent soils total exchange capacity 2019-03-11T23:27:55Z soil moisture - categorical 2019-03-14T19:48:41Z soil warming 2019-03-14T19:49:07Z soil warming in winter 2019-03-14T19:49:14Z soil warming in summer 2019-03-15T21:55:12Z treatment measurement type 2019-03-15T21:55:30Z snow accumulation and warming A measurement type which contains variables ordered into categories and the distances between the categories are not known. 2019-03-15T22:12:41Z ordinal ranking A measurement type which contains variables ordered into categories and the distances between the categories are not known. 2019-03-15T22:12:52Z thermokarst activity 2019-03-15T22:16:28Z daytime 2019-03-15T22:23:21Z adult bird survival method employed 2019-03-15T22:25:02Z plot identifier 2019-07-18T23:10:12Z depolarization ratio 2019-03-15T22:40:04Z ecosystem respiration chamber treatment 2019-03-15T22:48:21Z plant fertilization 2019-03-15T23:10:30Z soil warming and water 2019-03-15T23:38:06Z river or stream code 2019-03-15T23:40:10Z confidence in taxonomic identification 2019-03-15T23:46:34Z creek name 2019-03-15T23:48:23Z cruise name 2019-03-15T23:53:21Z permafrost drying treatment 2019-03-19T20:48:54Z thermokarst water flow classification 2019-05-17T23:20:16Z D13C in total organic carbon uncertainty 2019-03-19T20:54:25Z presence of thermokarst impact 2019-03-19T21:02:29Z blood tested for malaria 2019-03-19T21:07:34Z body fat score 2019-03-19T21:18:52Z blood collected for mercury testing 2019-03-19T21:31:33Z soil plot boundary description 2019-03-19T21:50:14Z presence of litter cover underwater 2019-03-19T21:55:20Z observer confidence 2019-03-19T21:56:31Z observer name 2019-03-19T21:58:05Z observer activity 2019-03-19T22:00:23Z study site burn history 2019-03-19T22:06:42Z type of soil 2019-03-19T22:18:08Z soil sample length 2019-03-19T22:20:38Z calcium percentage 2019-03-19T22:21:06Z calcium percentage in leaves 2019-03-19T22:21:33Z calcium percentage in dead leaves 2019-03-19T22:22:03Z calcium percentage in live leaves 2019-03-19T22:23:43Z aluminum percentage 2019-03-19T22:23:57Z aluminum percentage in leaves 2019-03-19T22:32:36Z phosphate concentration in water standard deviation 2019-03-19T22:38:56Z presence of attached spermatophores 2019-03-19T22:43:25Z nitrogen proportion 2019-03-19T22:43:46Z nitrogen proportion in leaves 2019-03-19T22:44:27Z nitrogen proportion in stems 2019-03-19T22:44:55Z nitrogen proportion in whole plant 2019-03-19T22:46:49Z nitrogen proportion in dry soil 2019-07-12T22:52:03Z iceberg surface area 2019-03-19T22:53:18Z radiosity 2019-03-19T22:54:11Z radiosity at 10m depth 2019-03-19T22:54:42Z radiosity at 20m depth 2019-03-19T22:55:17Z radiosity at 5m depth 2019-03-19T23:02:00Z type of bird tag 2019-03-19T23:16:57Z d15N in air 2019-03-19T23:23:11Z dissolved organic nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio 2019-03-19T23:26:00Z sensor identifier 2019-03-19T23:31:34Z sediment core identifier 2019-03-19T23:38:58Z soil moisture - voltage 2019-03-19T23:50:34Z type of site moisture 2019-03-19T23:58:00Z diffuse shortwave incoming radiation 2019-03-20T23:56:47Z feature identifier 2019-03-21T21:22:59Z trace-gas bubble classification in lake 2019-03-21T21:32:05Z snow removal and heating 2019-03-21T22:16:21Z cause of bird nest failure 2019-03-21T22:25:05Z vascular categorization of plants or land cover 2019-03-21T22:28:34Z chronology system 2019-03-21T22:32:25Z water sample classification 2019-03-21T22:46:10Z analysis code 2019-03-21T22:47:26Z species code 2019-03-21T22:57:38Z collar treatment 2019-03-21T23:12:06Z field station availability 2019-03-21T23:49:27Z vegetation removal treatment 2019-03-22T00:05:01Z landform code 2019-03-22T17:41:27Z raw bromine monoxide vertical column density 2019-03-22T17:45:10Z raw bromine monoxide vertical column density ratio 2019-03-22T18:10:57Z bromine monoxide raw extinction at wavelength 361 nm 2019-03-22T18:49:14Z collar identifier 2019-03-22T20:56:02Z saturation adjusted normalized difference vegetation index 2019-03-22T21:40:52Z scan identifier 2019-03-22T21:55:32Z nest monitoring status 2019-07-12T22:54:41Z iceberg submerged area 2019-03-22T22:02:59Z bird banding at site 2019-07-12T23:03:29Z mole fraction of bromine 2019-07-12T23:59:16Z dead biomass density 2019-07-15T18:55:53Z photograph type 2019-03-22T22:18:08Z whether other data collected at site 2019-07-15T19:49:36Z descent rate 2019-07-15T20:09:41Z volume change rate 2019-03-22T22:29:01Z sedimentation rate 2019-03-22T22:50:48Z bird capture location relative to plot 2019-03-22T22:53:03Z bird breeding stage 2019-03-22T23:06:42Z bird molt score 2019-07-15T20:17:12Z ice water content 2019-07-15T20:57:07Z carbon compound percentage 2019-07-15T21:01:07Z carbon compound concentration 2019-07-15T21:41:38Z photographic frame identifier 2019-07-15T22:32:50Z lake pixel classification 2019-07-15T22:33:39Z pixel classification 2019-07-15T22:34:55Z percentage of lake pixels above threshold 2019-07-15T22:37:14Z percentage of lake pixels below threshold 2019-07-15T22:42:32Z ice regime classification 2019-03-22T23:56:20Z nest or den observed 2019-07-15T22:44:59Z film roll identifier An indication of whether sea ice was present. 2019-07-15T22:50:55Z sea ice presence 2019-07-15T23:13:23Z easting and northing coordinates 2019-03-25T18:30:15Z data collection equipment 2019-03-25T18:42:22Z type of preservative used in fecal sampling 2019-03-25T18:54:58Z blood collected for RNALater analysis 2019-03-25T19:15:14Z tissue sample taken from chick 2019-03-25T19:16:02Z bird tested for avian influenza 2019-03-25T19:52:36Z fecal sample collected 2019-03-25T19:53:13Z were bird feathers collected 2019-03-25T19:55:13Z bird renesting 2019-03-25T19:56:14Z affected by thermokarst activity 2019-03-25T19:57:20Z bird captured in previous year 2019-03-25T19:57:50Z bird captured in same year 2019-03-25T20:06:47Z type of count 2019-03-25T20:51:05Z soil incubation 2019-03-25T20:52:13Z type of valley 2019-03-25T20:54:35Z type of bird feathers collected 2019-03-25T21:54:34Z direction measurement type 2019-03-25T21:55:16Z view azimuth 2019-03-25T22:20:31Z carbon flux exponential fit slope 2019-03-25T22:24:12Z carbon flux linear fit slope 2019-03-25T22:39:06Z valley system 2019-03-25T22:43:37Z valley name 2019-03-25T22:44:47Z valley identifier 2019-03-25T22:53:23Z surface height 2019-03-25T23:07:07Z total nitrogen biomass aboveground vegetation and lichen 2019-03-25T23:48:56Z surface fraction 2019-03-26T00:00:03Z evaporation and sublimation rate 2019-03-26T00:07:29Z gene subcategory 2019-03-26T00:08:40Z gene category 2019-03-26T17:35:23Z average automatic gain control 2019-03-26T17:39:32Z signal quality 2019-03-26T17:45:25Z corrected covariance of horizontal and vertical wind speed 2019-03-26T18:20:54Z fence identifier 2019-03-26T18:30:58Z soil core identifier 2019-03-26T18:48:41Z type of plant or land cover 2019-03-26T18:56:25Z herbivory treatment 2019-03-26T21:30:00Z plant growth form 2019-03-26T22:19:38Z growing season treatment 2019-03-26T22:46:47Z plant harvest location 2019-03-26T22:53:41Z lake identifier 2019-03-26T22:54:25Z lake name 2019-03-26T23:05:09Z lemming monitoring methods 2019-03-26T23:08:11Z lemming predator survey frequency 2019-03-26T23:12:30Z nitrogen percentage of total biomass 2019-03-26T23:15:12Z carbon percentage of total biomass 2019-03-26T23:34:12Z species percentage of total biomass 2019-03-26T23:35:25Z organic nitrogen percentage in soil 2019-03-26T23:42:49Z type of soil layer 2019-03-26T23:43:11Z type of thermokarst feature 2019-04-15T21:52:35Z peat core identifier 2019-03-27T00:08:19Z type of plant 2019-05-23T18:10:15Z transformed ammonium concentration The mass of a soil sample. 2019-03-27T23:14:39Z soil mass 2019-03-27T23:17:23Z tow identifier 2019-03-27T23:21:22Z number of observers 2019-03-27T23:39:48Z type of capillary tube 2019-03-28T00:09:35Z type of bird flag 2019-03-28T00:23:08Z sand percentage 2019-03-28T00:24:13Z silt percentage 2019-03-28T17:36:13Z terrace identifier 2019-03-28T18:19:31Z correction factor for CO2 flux correction factor for carbon dioxide flux correction factor for CO2 flux 2019-03-28T18:20:06Z correction factor for moisture flux 2019-03-28T18:28:03Z level of ecological disturbance 2019-03-28T18:31:48Z type of ecological disturbance 2019-03-28T18:39:30Z mean momentum flux 2019-03-28T19:16:05Z type of cloud 2019-03-28T19:27:15Z uncertainty of ammonium concentration in water 2019-03-28T19:29:45Z bird weight 2019-04-01T19:02:14Z thickness of sapwood 2019-03-28T20:42:35Z 25 percent ammonium concentration in water 2019-03-28T21:06:50Z laboratory identifier 2019-07-16T17:07:27Z Universal Transverse Mercator zone UTM zone Universal Transverse Mercator zone 2019-03-28T21:20:53Z soil drying treatment 2019-03-28T21:23:51Z ending scan identifier 2019-03-28T21:37:56Z estimate of sensor output change over time 2019-03-28T21:45:50Z block identifier 2019-03-28T21:53:50Z soil warming treatment 2019-04-01T19:08:50Z silicon concentration in water 2019-04-01T19:10:53Z silicic acid concentration in seawater 2019-04-01T19:13:04Z silicic acid concentration in water 2019-04-01T19:32:34Z silicate concentration in seawater 2019-04-01T20:07:28Z releve identifier 2019-05-17T22:49:08Z taxon code 2019-04-01T22:10:15Z seawater depth - categorical 2019-04-01T22:11:37Z type of precipitation sample 2019-04-01T22:13:07Z type of blood preservative 2019-04-01T22:37:35Z type of sample location - non-natural 2019-04-01T22:53:54Z type of avian influenza test 2019-04-01T23:04:42Z World Ocean Circulation Experiment identifier 2019-04-01T23:44:02Z bird release status 2019-04-01T23:46:51Z presence of photograph 2019-04-01T23:55:30Z Distributed Biological Observatory region identifier 2019-04-12T22:07:06Z type of thermokarst morphology 2019-04-12T22:15:00Z wind exposure scale 2019-04-12T22:21:40Z sampling occasion 2019-04-13T00:11:27Z type of plant tissue 2019-04-15T21:55:49Z type of peat core microtopography 2019-04-15T22:41:30Z type of soil core 2019-04-15T23:06:09Z lower troposphere stability 2019-07-15T23:13:35Z Universal Transvere Mercator northing coordinate UTM northing coordinate Universal Transvere Mercator northing coordinate 2019-07-15T23:19:19Z Universal Transverse Mercator easting coordinate UTM easting coordinate Universal Transverse Mercator easting coordinate 2019-07-15T23:41:07Z years elapsed 2019-07-16T17:28:51Z elevation correction 2019-07-16T18:49:06Z gross primary production standard deviation 2019-04-15T23:37:30Z residential combustion aerosol optical depth 2019-04-15T23:38:23Z agricultural waste burning aerosol optical depth 2019-04-15T23:46:48Z gas flaring aerosol optical depth 2019-04-15T23:47:38Z open biomass burning aerosol optical depth 2019-04-15T23:50:39Z aerosol optical depth from industry 2019-04-15T23:55:30Z aerosol optical depth from marine transportation 2019-04-16T00:13:05Z cloud liquid water path 2019-04-16T00:17:36Z mean ice pixel radius 2019-04-16T00:19:16Z mean liquid pixel radius 2019-04-16T00:27:16Z cloud top altitude 2019-04-16T18:12:49Z surface type 2019-04-16T18:20:08Z surface mass balance 2019-04-16T18:24:30Z surface slope 2019-04-16T18:46:45Z measurement sequence identifier 2019-04-16T18:47:28Z cryobot mission identifier 2019-04-16T19:05:41Z cryobot mission purpose 2019-04-16T19:33:21Z suspended particulate material concentration in water 2019-04-16T19:38:35Z surficial geomorphology code 2019-04-16T19:45:26Z surficial water specific mass 2019-04-16T20:06:17Z logger position code 2019-04-16T20:18:06Z coefficient of variation of exponential fit for soil carbon flux 2019-04-16T20:34:36Z coefficient of variation of linear fit for soil carbon flux 2019-04-16T20:54:35Z carbon nitrogen analysis code 2019-04-16T21:17:06Z coefficient of variation of bacterial production 2019-04-16T21:46:30Z sea ice extent 2019-04-16T22:04:56Z bases percent soils total exchange capacity 2019-07-23T18:33:22Z ice core length 2019-04-16T22:18:16Z bird banding color combination identifier 2019-04-16T22:19:29Z type of chamber 2019-04-16T22:23:57Z macrofossil remains count 2019-04-16T22:41:17Z type of slope 2019-04-16T22:44:26Z bird geolocator identifier or present or absent 2019-04-16T23:05:43Z site affected by industrial development 2019-04-16T23:19:27Z chick or egg identifier 2019-04-16T23:23:04Z type of land cover 2019-04-16T23:37:32Z land cover percentage 2019-04-17T17:05:27Z 14C age one sigma margin of error 2019-05-17T22:57:44Z radius of study area 2019-05-17T22:59:42Z humic layer depth 2019-04-17T17:28:10Z 14C mean calibrated age two standard errors 2019-05-17T23:20:40Z D14C in total organic carbon uncertainty 2019-04-17T17:33:25Z mean volumetric soil moisture standard error 2019-04-17T17:47:03Z mean species biomass standard error 2019-04-17T17:51:23Z mean species biomass density standard error 2019-04-17T18:21:25Z virus like particle counts per milliliter standard error 2019-04-17T18:34:37Z cell counts per milliliter standard error 2019-04-17T18:47:43Z apparent quantum yield of microbial respiration standard error 2019-04-17T18:55:15Z fluorescence standard deviation 2019-04-17T19:03:29Z wind velocity standard deviation 2019-04-17T19:15:43Z delta deuterium in snow standard deviation 2019-04-17T21:28:51Z 14C age standard deviation 2019-04-17T21:42:06Z bacterial production rate standard deviation 2019-04-17T21:50:33Z buoy speed 2019-04-17T21:58:29Z site stability 2019-04-17T22:05:44Z photograph identifier 2019-04-17T22:15:37Z bird count 2019-04-17T22:15:56Z lemming count 2019-04-17T22:27:38Z tiller count 2019-04-17T22:31:08Z cell count per milliliter 2019-04-17T22:32:02Z chick count 2019-04-17T22:39:44Z number of conductivity, temperature, depth scans number of CTD scans number of conductivity, temperature, depth scans 2019-04-17T23:53:06Z NDSWI normalized difference surface water index NDSWI 2019-04-18T00:01:00Z normalized signal intensity of gene 2019-04-18T17:22:23Z dissolved organic carbon concentration uncertainty 2019-04-18T17:33:50Z D14C in dissolved organic carbon uncertainty 2019-04-18T17:42:43Z D13C in dissolved organic carbon uncertainty 2019-04-18T17:47:41Z D14C in dissolved inorganic carbon uncertainty 2019-04-18T18:55:22Z second derivative of atmospheric surface pressure 2019-04-18T19:33:55Z invertebrate collection method 2019-04-18T21:06:46Z soil structure 2019-04-18T21:07:35Z soil horizon 2019-04-18T21:09:09Z sulfate concentration standard deviation 2019-04-18T21:13:56Z soil consistency 2019-04-18T21:18:37Z soil texture 2019-04-18T22:51:09Z shortwave cloud radiative forcing 2019-04-18T23:17:37Z aerosol properties degrees of freedom 2019-04-18T23:22:56Z bromine monoxide measurement degrees of freedom 2019-04-18T23:29:55Z number of gene copies standard deviation 2019-04-18T23:37:57Z strontium concentration standard deviation 2019-04-18T23:40:52Z strontium 87/86 concentration standard deviation 2019-04-18T23:46:44Z correlation coefficient for exponential fit of soil carbon flux 2019-04-18T23:48:18Z correlation coefficient for linear fit of soil carbon flux 2019-04-18T23:55:31Z course of buoy 2019-04-19T00:14:34Z cosine of solar zenith angle 2019-04-19T18:28:30Z study crew leader name 2019-04-19T18:31:06Z study crew leader institution 2019-04-19T18:49:42Z plant cover proportion - decimal 2019-04-19T20:58:31Z confidence in cloud phase pixel classification 2019-04-19T22:43:05Z confidence in cloud phase pixel classification standard deviation 2019-04-19T23:02:50Z cloud phase pixel classification 2019-04-19T23:49:38Z boundaries of layer for calculating cloud area fraction 2019-04-20T00:04:58Z speed measurement type 2019-04-20T00:06:46Z sound velocity in seawater 2019-04-20T00:10:08Z solar zenith angle 2019-04-20T00:11:26Z solar azimuth angle 2019-04-20T00:12:06Z sensor scanning angle 2019-04-20T00:12:15Z angle measurement type 2019-04-22T22:27:54Z type of biome 2019-04-22T22:31:37Z class name 2019-04-22T23:14:38Z common name 2019-04-22T23:15:25Z taxonomic classification 2019-04-22T23:33:57Z type of vegetation zone 2019-04-22T23:45:57Z type of ecozone 2019-04-22T23:47:41Z family name 2019-04-22T23:49:06Z genus name 2019-04-22T23:49:57Z species name 2019-04-22T23:52:24Z type of habitat 2019-04-22T23:56:31Z taxonomic higher classification 2019-04-22T23:58:21Z observer initials 2019-04-23T00:02:27Z type of krill 2019-04-23T00:14:19Z phylum name 2019-04-23T00:17:36Z order name 2019-04-23T18:42:00Z lake classification 2019-04-23T19:07:01Z landscape position of soil 2019-04-23T19:17:06Z data source 2019-04-23T19:38:14Z topographic position 2019-04-23T20:05:10Z type of water body 2019-04-23T20:21:25Z study effort classification 2019-04-23T20:48:26Z subplot identifier 2019-04-23T20:56:27Z type of subplot 2019-04-23T22:00:14Z type of hydrological regime 2019-04-23T22:13:37Z ice water path 2019-04-23T22:15:36Z isotope ratio mass spectrometer run identifier 2019-04-23T22:17:07Z plant identifier 2019-04-23T22:27:08Z site hybrid morphology 2019-04-23T22:28:30Z control or exclusion plot 2019-04-23T22:31:33Z number of CSAT3 warnings 2019-04-23T22:59:57Z number of LI17500 warnings 2019-04-23T23:05:41Z classification as insect 2019-04-23T23:08:09Z intensive nest survival methods 2019-04-23T23:09:44Z minimum nest survival methods 2019-04-23T23:13:30Z polygon center or polygon trough 2019-04-23T23:23:29Z sodium concentration standard deviation 2019-04-23T23:34:58Z file name 2019-04-23T23:42:45Z number of samples taken 2019-04-23T23:48:04Z gene identifier 2019-04-23T23:52:10Z gap-filled or measured CO2 flux gap-filled or measured carbon dioxide flux gap-filled or measured CO2 flux 2019-04-24T00:01:42Z study location identifier 2019-04-24T00:15:35Z study location name 2019-04-25T21:36:26Z flag identifier 2019-04-25T21:50:54Z benzene concentration in air 2019-04-25T22:14:32Z sensor firing identifier 2019-04-25T22:17:53Z river or stream name 2019-04-25T22:22:06Z nitrogen dioxide concentration standard deviation 2019-04-25T22:22:59Z nitrate concentration standard deviation 2019-04-25T22:35:55Z acetylene concentration in air periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periphyton, 2017-07-08 periphyton periphyton Mass Specific Production Rate 2019-04-25T22:56:11Z toluene concentration in air 2019-04-25T22:59:24Z soil CO2 standard error soil carbon dioxide flux standard error soil CO2 standard error 2019-04-25T23:01:58Z carbon proportion in plant material 2019-04-25T23:07:51Z error in 14C measurement from methane 2019-04-25T23:09:01Z methane saturation percentage in air 2019-04-25T23:09:47Z dissolved methane gas concentration 2019-04-25T23:13:01Z error in 14C measurement from carbon monoxide 2019-04-25T23:14:58Z error in 14C measurement from carbon dioxide 2019-04-25T23:16:46Z water sample identifier 2019-05-23T18:10:59Z transformed phosphate concentration 2019-04-25T23:24:11Z organic matter in sediment percentage A respiration carbon flux which is not light dependent and may occur in the dark or light. 2019-04-25T23:27:24Z dark respiration carbon flux A respiration carbon flux which is not light dependent and may occur in the dark or light. 2019-04-25T23:37:12Z carbon flux standard error 2019-04-25T23:52:42Z net ecosystem exchange carbon flux standard error 2019-04-26T00:01:08Z net ecosystem exchange carbon flux standard deviation 2019-04-26T00:10:57Z methane concentration in lake water 2019-04-26T00:17:07Z nitric acid concentration 2019-04-26T00:26:45Z nitrogen proportion in roots 2019-04-26T20:16:23Z temperature below ice surface 2019-04-26T20:22:50Z temperature at original ice surface 2019-05-06T21:57:51Z soil value 2019-04-26T20:33:03Z temperature above ice surface 2019-04-27T02:55:34Z net longwave radiation 2019-04-27T03:19:17Z thickness of ice 2019-04-27T17:41:17Z ice top depth 2019-04-27T17:41:26Z ice bottom depth 2019-05-06T21:59:51Z soil moisture - ratio 2019-05-06T22:03:25Z uncertainty in 14C age 2019-05-06T22:06:43Z zirconium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:08:57Z zinc concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:10:07Z yttrium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:16:47Z ytterbium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:17:11Z year of last fire 2019-05-06T22:19:11Z vanadium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:22:31Z uranium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:23:56Z type of material sampled 2019-05-06T22:25:47Z soil color classification 2019-05-06T22:27:30Z nitrogen percentage in lake sediment 2019-05-06T22:30:13Z particulate organic carbon concentration 2019-05-06T22:31:14Z phosphorus weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:32:24Z potassium oxide weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:35:55Z potassium percentage 2019-05-06T22:39:33Z praseodymium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:41:03Z rain duration 2019-05-06T22:42:35Z relative species abundance 2019-05-06T22:46:45Z rubidium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:48:21Z samarium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:57:31Z scandium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T22:59:01Z silicon dioxide weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:02:43Z silicon percentage 2019-05-06T23:06:25Z sodium percentage 2019-05-06T23:08:22Z sodium weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:09:16Z soil dry weight and container weight 2019-05-06T23:15:45Z stable lead isotope ratio 2019-05-06T23:17:14Z strontium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:22:59Z tantalum concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:26:21Z terbium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:27:46Z terrain pixel classification 2019-05-06T23:29:38Z thorium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:31:33Z thulium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:32:45Z titanium concentration in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:34:54Z titanium percentage 2019-05-06T23:37:03Z titanium weight percentage in rock and sediment 2019-05-06T23:45:41Z titanium concentration in lake sediment 2019-05-07T00:02:46Z seedling count 2019-05-07T00:18:04Z ice surface temperature 2019-05-07T07:26:49Z total dissolved phosphorus concentration in water 2019-05-07T07:48:51Z thickness of melt layer 2019-05-07T07:58:01Z thickness of moss layer 2019-05-07T07:59:03Z moss temperature 2019-05-07T16:58:54Z mineral species percentage 2019-08-02T16:52:28Z beryllium concentration 2019-05-07T17:14:38Z delta deuterium in ice 2019-05-07T17:15:59Z ice middle depth 2019-05-07T17:18:02Z nitrate concentration in ice 2019-05-07T17:24:30Z sodar measurement length 2019-05-07T17:26:52Z sonar pulse length 2019-05-07T18:11:04Z total nitrogen percentage in soil 2019-05-07T18:19:37Z ammonia concentration in ice 2019-05-07T18:22:50Z barium concentration in seawater 2019-05-07T18:25:24Z phosphorus concentration in seawater 2019-05-07T18:25:55Z silicon concentration in seawater 2019-05-07T18:32:16Z shrew count 2019-05-07T18:45:33Z dissolved oxygen concentration in seawater 2019-05-07T18:46:27Z dissolved oxygen concentration in lake water 2019-05-07T19:03:02Z d18O in ice 2019-05-07T19:14:09Z phosphorus concentration in lake sediment 2019-05-07T19:26:57Z silicon concentration in lake sediment 2019-05-07T19:28:17Z silicon hydroxide concentration in seawater 2019-05-07T19:33:37Z tantalum concentration 2019-05-07T19:34:04Z tantalum concentration in seawater 2019-05-07T19:44:55Z excess carbon monoxide concentration 2019-05-07T19:52:14Z thickness of leaf layer 2019-05-07T19:52:33Z thickness of lichen layer 2019-05-07T19:53:11Z thickness of soil fibric layer 2019-05-07T20:20:51Z volume of rocks 2019-05-07T20:36:41Z sediment bulk density 2019-05-07T20:38:19Z bulk density 2019-05-07T20:42:13Z d13C in sediment 2019-05-07T20:43:32Z d15N in sediment The biomass of plant roots in a sample. 2019-05-07T20:47:14Z root biomass 2019-05-07T21:01:00Z ammonium concentration in lake water 2019-05-07T21:03:01Z nitrate concentration in lake water 2019-05-07T21:16:38Z d13C in freshwater 2019-05-07T21:18:21Z milliseconds elapsed 2019-05-07T21:29:50Z strontium concentration in river water 2019-05-07T21:30:57Z dissolved uranium concentration in river water 2019-05-07T21:34:11Z sediment mass 2019-05-07T21:35:40Z snow and ice mass balance A temporal rate which is the decay rate of a radioactive carbon isotope (C14). 2019-05-07T21:47:47Z radioactive carbon isotope decay rate A temporal rate which is the decay rate of a radioactive carbon isotope (C14). 2019-05-07T22:02:37Z ethane mixing ratio 2019-05-07T22:04:29Z ethane concentration in air 2019-05-07T22:08:05Z warming treatment 2019-05-07T22:16:00Z gravimetric water content in sediment 2019-05-07T22:17:34Z aboveground biomass density 2019-05-07T22:33:56Z soil and container weight 2019-05-07T22:36:37Z river water alkalinity 2019-05-07T22:37:08Z freshwater alkalinity 2019-05-07T23:01:48Z percent of surface sediment 2019-05-07T23:11:26Z nitrogen percentage in leaves 2019-05-08T17:07:23Z delta deuterium of alkanoic acid 2019-05-08T17:11:08Z sediment core section identifier 2019-05-08T18:12:51Z sulfur percentage 2019-05-08T18:27:26Z sulfur percentage in lake sediment 2019-05-08T18:45:10Z alkenone unsaturation ratio 2019-07-23T18:34:06Z ice permeability standard deviation 2019-05-08T18:57:31Z book name 2019-05-08T20:02:30Z ash and container weight 2019-05-08T20:04:11Z rock mass 2019-05-08T20:11:04Z book name and page number 2019-05-08T20:12:05Z toe length 2019-05-08T20:12:22Z head length 2019-05-08T20:12:36Z culmen length 2019-05-08T20:45:18Z nitric acid concentration in ice 2019-05-08T20:50:09Z nitrogen concentration in soil 2019-05-08T21:02:24Z organic carbon biomass density in soil 2019-05-14T06:53:40Z ammonium available in soil 2019-05-08T21:18:04Z density treatment A temperature measurement of a leaf. 2019-05-08T21:21:51Z leaf temperature 2019-05-08T21:27:37Z snow density 2019-05-08T21:31:24Z snowpack sampling height 2019-05-08T21:32:14Z mercury concentration in air 2019-05-14T06:54:26Z nitrate available in soil 2019-05-08T21:42:17Z acidic soil treatment 2019-05-08T22:33:01Z pitch of buoy 2019-05-08T22:33:36Z roll of buoy 2019-05-08T22:49:29Z ammonia concentration in water 2019-05-08T22:52:40Z nitrate and nitrite concentration in water 2019-05-14T06:56:39Z particulate phosphorus concentration in water 2019-05-14T07:00:40Z aluminum concentration in water 2019-05-14T07:01:14Z barium concentration in water 2019-05-14T07:08:07Z manganese concentration in water 2019-05-14T07:08:41Z neodymium concentration in water 2019-05-14T07:09:15Z lead concentration in water carbon concentration 2019-05-14T18:06:51Z nitrogen oxide concentration in snow 2019-05-14T18:09:23Z ozone concentration 2019-05-14T18:19:03Z mole fraction of ozone 2019-05-14T18:19:49Z mole fraction of ozone uncertainty 2019-05-14T18:21:23Z error in soil moisture 2019-05-14T18:56:43Z ice core identifier 2019-05-14T19:00:05Z specific testing technique used indicator 2019-05-14T19:00:50Z age of gas 2019-05-14T19:01:41Z gas volume 2019-05-15T00:54:41Z water vapor mixing ratio 2019-05-15T00:58:11Z wavelength 2019-05-15T00:59:05Z volume of soil The biomass of leaves in a sample. 2019-05-15T01:01:47Z leaf biomass 2019-05-15T01:03:54Z thickness of live vegetation layer 2019-05-15T01:29:03Z shortwave radiation 2019-05-15T01:31:04Z sex 2019-05-15T01:32:46Z sensor temperature 2019-05-15T01:38:23Z thickness of bark 2019-05-15T01:49:58Z d13C in seawater uncertainty 2019-05-15T20:24:35Z sample measurement period 2019-05-15T20:32:26Z chlorophyll content 2019-05-15T21:23:14Z presence of snow 2019-05-15T21:24:24Z type of snow 2019-05-15T21:35:59Z location standard deviation 2019-05-15T21:38:02Z soil temperature standard error 2019-05-15T21:53:41Z ice density 2019-05-15T22:01:34Z uncertainty of barium concentration in water 2019-05-15T22:02:37Z uncertainty of d18O in water 2019-05-15T22:03:53Z uncertainty of nitrogen dioxide concentration in water 2019-05-15T22:05:01Z uncertainty of phosphate concentration in water 2019-05-15T22:06:23Z uncertainty of silicon hydroxide concentration in seawater 2019-05-15T22:07:24Z uncertainty of tantalum concentration in seawater 2019-05-16T04:37:19Z silicate concentration in water uncertainty 2019-05-16T04:38:28Z nitrate concentration in seawater uncertainty 2019-05-16T06:58:00Z marine sediment depth 2019-05-16T06:58:21Z marine sediment middle depth 2019-05-17T17:01:41Z chromium concentration in lake sediment 2019-05-17T17:10:33Z error in ethane mixing ratio 2019-05-17T17:19:32Z nonlinearity parameter 2019-05-17T17:35:07Z CBT index cyclization of branched tetraether index 2019-05-17T17:54:19Z firn density 2019-05-17T18:34:14Z canopy openness 2019-05-17T18:48:19Z gross primary production standard error 2019-05-17T19:21:19Z bromine monoxide differential slant column density 2019-05-17T19:24:01Z nitrogen dioxide vertical slant column density 2019-05-17T19:24:43Z ozone differential slant column density 2019-05-17T19:26:46Z oxozone differential slant column density 2019-05-17T19:33:06Z glacier geology 2019-05-17T19:38:07Z global positioning system waypoint identifier GPS waypoint identifier global positioning system waypoint identifier 2019-05-17T19:45:49Z soil sample width 2019-05-17T20:00:35Z uncertainty of silicon hydroxide concentration in water 2019-05-17T20:30:53Z diameter of woody debris 2019-05-17T20:32:15Z air temperature error 2019-05-17T21:05:22Z total alkalinity uncertainty 2019-05-17T21:38:07Z age of tree 2019-05-17T21:43:44Z replicate identifier 2019-05-17T21:48:46Z sediment mass standard deviation 2019-05-17T23:43:16Z study subject 2019-05-17T23:52:04Z fluorescent dissolved organic matter in seawater 2019-05-18T00:03:19Z interpolated surface pressure 2019-05-19T01:42:30Z methyl mercury concentration in water 2019-05-23T18:12:20Z transformed potassium concentration 2019-05-23T18:33:42Z nitrogen percentage in litter 2019-05-23T19:30:55Z site identifier 2019-05-23T19:33:26Z name of person 2019-05-24T00:22:00Z domain name The ratio of amounts of odd-carbon n-alkanes to even-carbon n-alkanes. 2019-05-30T17:09:21Z CPI carbon preference index CPI The ratio of amounts of odd-carbon n-alkanes to even-carbon n-alkanes. http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=1&index=alt&srchtxt=carbon%20preference%20index 2019-05-30T21:27:46Z n-butane concentration 2019-05-30T21:28:11Z n-hexane concentration 2019-05-30T21:28:30Z n-pentane concentration 2019-05-30T22:06:57Z litter moisture percentage 2019-05-30T22:10:45Z anthracene concentration 2019-05-31T17:29:30Z benz[a]anthracene concentration 2019-05-31T17:32:36Z benzo[ghi]perylene concentration 2019-05-31T17:33:08Z chrysene concentration 2019-05-31T17:33:40Z dibenz[a,h]anthracene concentration 2019-05-31T17:34:08Z fluoranthene concentration 2019-05-31T17:36:10Z indeno[1,2,3‐cd]pyrene concentration 2019-05-31T17:43:30Z phenanthrene concentration 2019-05-31T17:44:25Z pyrene concentration 2019-05-31T18:41:11Z concentration of total lipids extracted 2019-05-31T19:23:28Z total lipid extract 2019-05-31T19:42:01Z material phase 2019-05-31T19:45:36Z shape of primary ice structure 2019-05-31T19:58:16Z litter mass percentage 2019-05-31T20:04:55Z densiometer reading 2019-05-31T20:21:52Z type of permafrost 2019-05-31T21:03:58Z surface runoff 2019-05-31T21:31:08Z precipitable water vapor 2019-05-31T21:47:45Z location along transect or plot 2019-05-31T23:44:38Z relative position 2019-06-01T00:19:07Z methylation index of branched tetraethers value MBT value methylation index of branched tetraethers value 2019-06-03T16:57:44Z average chain length of alkanoic acid 2019-06-03T17:04:38Z sediment composition 2019-06-03T19:28:31Z dominant vegetation 2019-06-03T20:19:27Z age of ice with low pass filter "organic content" is the organic matter component of another entity, e.g., soil. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter, 2017-07-08 organic_content [Soil organic content ] is a measurement of the total organic components of soil, measured as mass. adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter, 2017-07-08 Organic matter in soil consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. SOM exerts numerous positive effects on soil physical and chemical properties, as well as the soil’s capacity to provide regulatory ecosystem services.[1] Particularly, the presence of SOM is regarded as being critical for soil function and soil quality.[2]] SOM soil organic matter soil organic content SOM soil organic matter 2019-06-03T20:29:52Z size of ice structure 2019-06-03T20:57:08Z type of ecosystem 2019-06-03T21:00:58Z oxygen to nitrogen ratio 2019-06-03T21:52:26Z gas particle intensity at wavelength 310 nm gas particle counts per second at wavelength 310 nm 2019-06-03T22:52:14Z roughness length 2019-06-03T22:52:27Z roughness length for heat 2019-06-03T22:53:13Z roughness length for momentum 2019-06-04T00:28:21Z bacteria growth phase 2019-07-16T20:24:21Z vapor source 2019-07-16T20:46:28Z depth standard deviation 2019-06-04T19:14:35Z type of ice structure 2019-06-04T19:25:27Z inlet valve identifier 2019-06-04T19:38:11Z soil proportion 2019-06-04T19:48:23Z type of blood collected 2019-06-04T21:29:02Z number of quadrats 2019-07-16T20:48:46Z thickness standard deviation 2019-07-16T20:50:52Z ethane concentration in ice 2019-07-16T20:57:07Z dichlorodifluoromethane concentration in ice 2019-07-16T20:57:53Z ethane concentration in ice standard error 2019-07-16T21:03:54Z International Terrestrial Reference Frames 2005 coordinates ITRF 2005 coordinates International Terrestrial Reference Frames 2005 coordinates 2019-07-16T21:05:01Z International Terrestrial Reference Frames 2005 x-coordinate ITRF 2005 x-coordinate International Terrestrial Reference Frames 2005 x-coordinate 2019-07-16T21:07:47Z International Terrestrial Reference Frames 2005 y-coordinate ITRF 2005 y-coordinate International Terrestrial Reference Frames 2005 y-coordinate 2019-07-16T21:10:52Z International Terrestrial Reference Frames 2005 z-coordinate ITRF 2005 z-coordinate International Terrestrial Reference Frames 2005 z-coordinate 2019-08-23T21:46:47Z shape factor 2019-07-18T17:12:37Z error in sodium concentration An air temperature measured close to the surface of the Earth. 2019-07-16T23:23:21Z near surface air temperature 2019-07-16T23:34:18Z elevation change A depth which an iceberg extends below the waterline. 2019-07-16T23:49:32Z iceberg keel depth iceberg draft iceberg keel depth A depth which an iceberg extends below the waterline. 2019-07-16T23:56:05Z elevation change standard deviation 2019-07-17T00:03:56Z volume change rate uncertainty 2019-07-18T17:16:33Z error in sulfate concentration 2019-07-18T17:36:55Z error in calcium concentration 2019-07-18T17:38:26Z error in chlorine concentration 2019-07-18T17:40:52Z mole fraction of chlorine 2019-07-18T17:42:26Z error in bromine concentration 2019-07-18T19:04:32Z sea ice divergence 2019-07-18T19:48:25Z functional group classification 2019-07-18T20:37:46Z vorticity 2019-07-18T20:43:19Z shear rate 2019-07-18T20:43:26Z pure shear 2019-07-18T20:44:36Z maximum shear rate 2019-07-18T21:38:18Z density anomaly 2019-07-18T21:42:44Z method of capture 2019-07-18T21:45:38Z error in nitrate concentration 2019-07-18T22:46:48Z trait identifier 2019-07-18T22:48:56Z functional type identifier 2019-07-18T23:11:58Z analog channel depolarization 2019-07-18T23:12:19Z digital channel depolarization 2019-07-18T23:19:47Z digital channel depolarization error 2019-07-18T23:20:18Z analog channel depolarization error A measurement that quantifies how strongly a material resists or conducts electric current. 2019-07-18T23:48:52Z resistivity 2019-07-18T23:49:44Z resistivity standard deviation The rate of carbon dioxide entering or water vapor exiting through the stomata of a leaf. 2019-07-19T00:06:38Z stomatal conductance The rate of carbon dioxide entering or water vapor exiting through the stomata of a leaf. An operational definition used to classify a group of closely related individuals. 2019-07-19T00:20:08Z operational taxonomic unit An operational definition used to classify a group of closely related individuals. 2019-07-23T18:56:26Z depth of thaw standard deviation 2019-07-23T19:32:15Z magnesium concentration in snow 2019-07-23T19:32:58Z error in magnesium concentration 2019-07-23T19:34:19Z snow density standard deviation 2019-07-23T19:34:52Z snow depth standard deviation 2019-07-23T19:35:42Z pH standard deviation 2019-08-02T16:52:42Z beryllium concentration in seawater 2019-07-23T20:01:05Z plant material count 2019-07-23T20:11:16Z uplift rate 2019-07-23T20:13:25Z strain rate 2019-07-23T20:14:22Z uplift 2019-07-23T20:15:48Z strain rate uncertainty 2019-08-02T16:53:28Z beryllium concentration in water 2019-08-02T16:53:35Z beryllium concentration in snow 2019-08-02T16:54:12Z beryllium concentration in air 2019-08-02T16:55:44Z beryllium concentration in ice 2019-08-23T21:54:52Z cloud base altitude A temperature measurement of a cloud base. 2019-08-23T22:56:15Z cloud base temperature 2019-08-23T22:59:02Z height above snowpack 2019-08-23T23:03:54Z radar reflectivity 2019-08-23T23:11:39Z uplift rate uncertainty 2019-08-23T23:12:09Z uplift uncertainty 2019-08-28T23:52:42Z analyte name 2019-08-29T00:00:54Z analyte concentration A large and usually abiotic store of a nutrient in a biogeochemical cycle that has the capacity to both take in and release a nutrient. 2019-08-29T21:13:06Z reservoir pool A large and usually abiotic store of a nutrient in a biogeochemical cycle that has the capacity to both take in and release a nutrient. 2019-08-29T21:13:24Z exchange pool The per mille depletion in sample carbon 14 prior to isotopic fractionation correction. 2019-09-11T23:51:31Z delta C 14 δ14C Note that this measurement uses the lower case Greek letter delta (δ). d14C delta C 14 δ14C The per mille depletion in sample carbon 14 prior to isotopic fractionation correction. Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO₃. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite and is the main component of pearls and the shells of marine organisms, snails, and eggs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbonate, 2017-07-08 CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate Calcium Carbonate is found in both geologic and biologic settings and constitutes an enormous carbon reservoir. Concentrations are measured in water (both fresh and saline), soil, rock and biological fluids. adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbonate#Occurrence Calcium Carbonate Concentration Photosynthetically active radiation, often abbreviated PAR, designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. This spectral region corresponds more or less with the range of light visible to the human eye. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation photosynthetically active radiation PAR PAR Infrared (IR) is invisible radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz) to 1 mm (300 GHz). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared infrared infrared Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm (30 PHz) to 380 nm (750 THz), shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet Ultraviolet Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Snow] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000406 snow entity An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) independent continuant An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process fiat object fiat object part A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) generically dependent continuant An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature envoPolar May appear on a map. geographic feature A material entity which determines an environmental system. ENVO ENVO:00002297 A material entity determines an environmental system when its removal would cause the collapse of that system. For example, a seamount determines a seamount environment, acting as its 'hub'. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental feature environmental feature A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. A portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun. All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental material environmental material http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter Environmental material derived from living organisms. Organic matter or organic material, natural organic matter refers to the large pool of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass organic material A layer is a quantity of some material which is spatially continuous, has comparable thickness, and usually covers some surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z envoPolar Preliminary definition. layer A material part of an astronomical body. envoAstro envoPolar astronomical body part A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500000 From ENVO: Should environmental feature become something more towards a disposition, the assert would be updated to something like "has participant (environmental system or (material entity and has disposition some environmental feature))". There are several issues surrounding the reconcilliation of environmental feature and environmental system, both theoretical and practical. This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation. Environmental System Process environmental system process An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed. monitoring environmental monitoring A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution. envoPolar pollution monitoring A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar compaction process A compaction process during which a material entity subjected to heat and/or pressure is compacted into a solid mass without undergoing melting. We should add the subclass axiom: 'has output' some ('environmental material' and 'has quality' some 'decreased porosity') once PATO:decreased porosity is available see ENVO issue #497 Additional axioms could also refer to object aggregates becoming objects within an environmental material. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar solid-phase sintering A measurement type that assigns a unit of observation to a particular group based on some qualitative property. 2019-04-10T23:41:29Z categorical data measurement type A measurement type that assigns a unit of observation to a particular group based on some qualitative property. A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 Chris Mungall http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500010 carbon cycling organic compounds (woody debris made of lignin and cellulose) have very high TOC:TN ratios and are highly resistant to degradation http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/sediment_org_matter.jsp https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T17:20:26Z refactory organic material organic matter with low TOC:TN ratios (e.g. phytoplankton) that breaks down easily http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/sediment_org_matter.jsp https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T17:22:49Z labile organic carbon A graphical indicator used to analyze remote sensing measurements to determine the density of green on an area of land. Calculated from the distinct colors (wavelengths) of visible and near-infrared sunlight reflected by plants on the surface the NDVI is calculated using the equation: the visible and near-infrared radiation minus visible radiation divided by near-infrared radiation plus visible radiation. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/MeasuringVegetation/ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T17:42:54Z NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index The total amount of water (unfrozen water + ice) contained in soil or rock http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T18:54:03Z Water Content the mixing of materials from various horizons of the soil down to the bedrock due to freezing and thawing in permafrost soils http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 cryoturbation the cumulative number of degree-days when air temperatures are above zero degrees Celsius http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T18:57:19Z Thawing Index A dimensionless ratio of the rate of thaw to the rate of consolidation of the thawing soil, which is considered to be a measure of the relative rates of generation and expulsion of excess pore fluids during thaw http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T18:58:40Z Thaw Consolidation Ratio the number of H+ ions replaced by 1 mole of acid in a reaction https://books.google.com.pe/books?id=GbpyCgAAQBAJ&pg=SA6-PA7&dq=chemistry+n-factor&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjXzvuek6rVAhVGRCYKHWO_B0kQ6AEIODAE#v=onepage&q=chemistry%20n-factor&f=false https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T19:00:28Z n-factor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T22:08:23Z permafrost layer The top layer of ground subject to annual thawing and freezing in areas underlain by permafrost http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T22:08:51Z permafrost active layer A layer of ground, now perennially frozen, lying immediately below the modern active layer. Itsthickness indicatesthe greater annual depth of thawthat occurred during a previous, warmer climatic period http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T22:14:56Z permafrost relict active layer A general term referring to several forms of slope failures or failure mechanisms commonly occurring in areas underlain by permafrost http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T22:16:52Z permafrost active layer failure The process by which two objects are bonded together by ice formed between them during the freezing of water. http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T22:17:56Z adfreeze The combination of thermophysical, physico-chemical and physicomechanical processes occurring in freezing, frozen and thawing earth materials. http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 cryogenesis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T22:54:57Z permafrost process a bed of low permeability along an aquifer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 aquiclude aquitard A layer of ground which, because of its frozen state, has a low enough permeability to act as a confining bed for an underlying aquifer. http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 cryogenic aquiclude In international materials science, this term refers to temperatures generally below -sooe, but usually to temperatures within a few degrees of absolute zero (-273°C). In the Russian permafrost literature, this term refers to temperatures below O°C. http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Cryogenic Temperature A layer of unfrozen ground that is perennially cryotic (forming part of the permafrost), in which freezing is prevented by freezing-point depression due to the dissolved-solids content or the pore water http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 cryopeg forms the basal portion of the permafrost https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 basal cryopeg entirely surrounded by perennially frozen ground https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 isolated cryopeg Found in coastal or subsea perennially frozen ground. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T23:22:58Z marine cryopeg The minimum distance between the ground surface and frozen groundat any time during the thawing season http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Depth of Thaw The distance from the ground surface downward to the level beneath which there is practically no annual fluctuation in ground temperature http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Depth of Zero Annual Amplitude A slope failure in which the thawed or thawing active layerand vegetation mat detach from the underlying frozen material http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 detachment failure Refreezing of thawed materials. http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 2017-07-27T23:54:32Z freezeback The cumulative number of degree-days below O°C for a given time period. http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Freezing Index calculated from the mean monthly air temperatures for a specific station without making corrections for positive degree-days (above DoC) in spring and fall BOYD, D.W., 1973. Normal freezing and thawing degree-days for Canada: 1931-1960. Environment Canada, Atmospheric EnvironmentService, Downsview, Ontario, Publication CLI 4-73, 38 p. BOYD, D.W., 1979. Degree days: The different types. National Research Council Canada, Division of Building Research, Ottawa, Building Research Note No. 138, 8 p. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Approximate Freezing Index HARRIS, S.A, 1981. "Climatic relationshipsof permafrost zones in areas of low winter snow-cover." Arctic, Vol. 36, No.1, pp. 64-70. calculated by adding all the negative mean daily air temperatures (DC) for a specific station during a calendar year https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Total Annual Freezing Index calculated as the arithmetic sum of all the negative and positive mean daily air temperatures (DC) for a specific station during the time period between the highest point in the fall and the lowest point the next spring on the cumulative degree-day time curve HUSCHKE, RE. (Editor), 1959. Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, 638 p. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Seasonal Freezing Index calculated by taking the average of the seasonal freezing indices for the three coldest winters in the most recent 30 years of record. If data for 30 years are not available, then the index is based on the coldest winter in the latest lO-year period of record http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Design Freezing Index The number of degrees by which the freezing point of an earth material is depressed below 0 degrees C. http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Freezing Point Depression The positive (heaving) pressure developed at ice-water interfaces in a soil as it freezes http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 Freezing Pressure The occurrenceof ground temperatures below O°C for only part of the year http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 seasonal frost The process of alternate freezing and thawing of moisture in soil, rock and other materials, and the resulting effects on materials and on structures placed on, or in, the ground. JOHNSTON, G.H. (Editor), 1981. Permafrost: Engineering Design and Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd.,Toronto, 540 p. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 frost action A feature associated with permafrost (soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 permafrost feature A seasonal frost mound produced through doming of seasonally frozen ground by a subsurface accumulation of water under high hydraulic potential during progressive freezing of the active layer. THORN, C.E., 1976. "A model of stoney earth circle development, Schefferville, Quebec." Association of American Geographers, Proceedings, Vol. 8, pp. 19-23. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 frost blister A more or less symmetrical zone of frozen ground formed around a buried chilled pipeline or beneath or around a structure maintained at temperatures below 0 oC. MULLER, S.W., 1943. Permafrost or permanently frozen ground and related engineering problems. U.S. Engineers Office, Strategic Engineering Study,Special Report No. 62, 136p. (Reprinted in 1947, J.w. Edwards, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 231 p.) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 frost bulb A small mound of fresh soil material, formed by frost action JOHNSTON, G.H. (Editor), 1981. Permafrost: Engineering Design and Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd.,Toronto, 540 p https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 frost boil The upward or outward movement of the ground surface (or objects on, or in, the ground) caused by the formation of ice in the soil JOHNSTON, G.H. (Editor), 1981. Permafrost: Engineering Design and Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd.,Toronto, 540 p. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 frost heave Cumulative upward displacement of objects embedded in the ground, caused by frost action JOHNSTON, G.H. (Editor), 1981. Permafrost: Engineering Design and Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd.,Toronto, 540 p. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 frost jacking Any mound-shaped landform produced by ground freezing combined with groundwater movement or the migration of soil moisture. van EVERDINGEN, R.o., 1978. "Frost mounds at Bear Rock, near Fort Norman, N.W.I., 1975-1976." Canadian JournalofEarth Sciences, Vol. 15,No.2, pp. 263-276. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698 frost mound example to be eventually removed The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot core placeholder removed An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-612X Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 85 Logical Axioms: 13] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/process_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 21 Logical Axioms: 2] ENVO ENVO is an ontology which represents knowledge about environments,environmental processes, ecosystems, habitats, and related entities. It interoperates with other ontologies in the OBO Foundry and Library. New terms or revisions can be requested at https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/ Please see www.environmentontology.org for more information and citations. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-1512 Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_quality_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 45 Logical Axioms: 6] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 138 Logical Axioms: 23] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-2807